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PubMed2005

[Methylprednisolone pharmacokinetics in perilymph and plasma of guinea pig after topical administration and intracardial injection].

OBJECTIVE: To determine pharmacokinetics profiles of methylprednisolone (MTH) in perilymph and plasma of guinea pig after topical and systemic administration. METHOD: A granule gelfoam soaked with MTH (40 mg/ml) was placed in the niche of round window of guinea pig; otocyst was infused with MTH (40 mg/ml); 4 mg/kg of MTH was injected intracardially. Samples of blood and perilymph of the scala tympani were obtained 1-6 h after administration of two routes, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assay MTH in the samples. RESULT: After intracardial injection of MTH, concentrations of drug in plasma were obviously higher than those of in perilymph in every hour while drug in perilymph could not be obtained in 4-6 h, and the results were significantly different. After niche was placed with granule gelfoam with drug or otocyst was infused with MTH,drug could not be obtained in plasma, concentrations of drug in perilymph were obviously higher than those of in plasma after intracardial injection,and the highest concentrations in perilymph were manifested in 1 h 20 min. The concentrations of drug in perilymph after otocyst was infused with MTH were higher than those of after niche was placed with granule gelfoam soaked with MTH in every hour, and there were significant differences in between except those in 4 and 6 h. The half-life time of MTH in perilymph after otocyst was infused was 1.51 h, and the one after niche was placed with granule gelfoam soaked with MTH was 1.55 h. CONCLUSION: MTH could penetrate effectively through membrane of round window into the cochlear fluid and reach a much higher concentration following topical administration as compared with systemic application. The concentrations of drug in perilymph after otocyst was infused with MTH were higher.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

Prevention of postlaminectomy membrane: experimental and clinical observations.

An animal experimental study was performed to investigate the prevention of scar formation after laminectomy by applying Gelfoam, a free-fat graft and steroids as interposing material between the dura and muscles. There were 52 adult guinea pigs equally divided into four groups. They were sacrificed 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks respectively after surgery. In the control group, there was young fibrous tissue at 2 weeks, which became more mature at 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, it became mature with varying thickness and canal extension. In the steroid group, it showed the same picture as the control group. In the Gelfoam group, there was foreign body reaction with disintegration of Gelfoam at 2 to 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, however in the free-fat graft group, viable fat graft could be seen at the laminectomy site with little fibrous tissue overlying the dura. In the clinical part, from September 1981 to September 1984, one of the authors (PQC) performed 100 laminectomies on patients with various causes of low back pain. A piece of free subcutaneous fat was laid on dura before wound closure. At follow-up, there was no adverse effect pertaining to its application. Most patients had considerable pain relief after the surgery. From the above observation, we believe that a free-fat graft is a simple and effective way to prevent postlaminectomy membrane. Steroids and Gelfoam do not have such advantage.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

[Three cases of scalp arteriovenous malformations].

Three cases of scalp arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are presented and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Case 1 was a 50-year-old male who was admitted to hospital with a pulsatile mass involving the right parietal region. Selective angiography revealed a scalp AVM fed by bilateral superficial temporal and right occipital arteries. The AVM was embolized with Gelfoam pieces through catheterization and there was no evidence of recurrence of the lesion after follow-up period of three years. Case 2 was a 25-year-old male who was noticed to have a birth mark in the left occipito-parietal region and was hospitalized with a pulsatile gradually expanding mass after an episode of minor trauma in the same region. Selective angiography revealed a cirsoid type scalp AVM fed by bilateral superficial temporal and occipital arteries, and the authors performed a total resection of the mass because of selective Gelfoam embolization was not successful. Case 3 was a 49-year-old male who was hospitalized with the chief complaints of left tinnitus and pulsatile left supra-auricular mass. There was no history of trauma. Selective angiography revealed a scalp AVM fed by the left superficial temporal and occipital arteries and the authors performed a selective Gelfoam embolization and this was successful, but three months later, the AVM recurred and mainly fed by instead this was the left posterior auricular artery. Preoperative selective Gelfoam embolization followed by a total resection of the AMV with minimal blood loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Repair of chronic tympanic membrane perforations using epidermal growth factor: progress toward clinical application.

In an earlier study, epidermal growth factor (EGF) was shown to be effective in healing chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations in the chinchilla. The original protocol required rimming of the perforation's epithelial edge, application of a paper patch, placement of a Gelfoam pledget, and then administration of EGF solution. To develop a simple outpatient method of healing chronic TM perforations, an attempt was made to simplify the treatment protocol while preserving efficacy. In the modified experimental protocol, a large Gelfoam pledget was placed over the chronic perforation in contact with the residual TM, without mechanical disruption of the perforation edge or use of a paper patch. Then EGF in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was applied to the Gelfoam pledget (50 microL of 0.5 mg EGF/mL PBS). A series of control ears received Gelfoam pledgets and PBS. Complete closure of the TM perforation was achieved in 80 percent (12/15) of treated ears but in only 20 percent (3/15) of controls (p < 0.01), results similar to those obtained with the original protocol. At long-term follow-up, 4 to 9 months after treatment, EGF-healed TMs were histologically similar to normal TMs, both in their overall thickness and in the relative proportions of the three component layers. In contrast, the few spontaneously healed TMs from the control group were less than half the thickness of normal TMs. To ascertain the optimal EGF concentration for therapeutic effect, a dose ranging study was undertaken.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Regulation of connexin-43, GFAP, and FGF-2 is not accompanied by changes in astroglial coupling in MPTP-lesioned, FGF-2-treated parkinsonian mice.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; FGF-2) has potent trophic effects on developing and toxically impaired midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons which are crucially affected in Parkinson's disease. The trophic effects of FGF-2 are largely indirect, both in vitro and in vivo, and possibly involve intermediate actions of astrocytes and other glial cells. To further investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the restorative actions of FGF-2, and to analyse in more detail the changes within astroglial cells in the MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-lesioned striatum, we have studied striatal expression and regulation of connexin-43 (cx43), the principal gap junction protein of astroglial cells, along with the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), FGF-2, and functional coupling. Our results show an immediate, yet transient increase in cx43 mRNA, and a sustained increase in FGF-2 mRNA, GFAP-positive cells, and cx43-immunoreactive punctata following the MPTP lesion, without any induction of functional coupling between astrocytes and other glial cells as revealed by dye coupling of patched cells. Unilateral administration of FGF-2 in a piece of gelfoam caused a further increase in cx43-positive punctata immediately adjacent to the implant, which was more pronounced than after application of a gelfoam containing the nontrophic control protein cytochrome C. These changes were parallelled by a small increase in cx43 protein determined by Western blot, but not by alterations in the coupling state of cells in the vicinity of the gelfoam implant. Although our data indicate that MPTP and exogenous FGF-2 may alter expression and protein levels of cx43, they do not support the notion that increases in cellular coupling may underly the trophic and widespread actions of FGF-2 in the MPTP-model of Parkinson's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gelatin-based resorbable sponge as a carrier matrix for human mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration therapy.

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), found in the bone marrow, have the potential to differentiate into multiple connective tissue types, including cartilage. In this study, we examined the potential of a porous gelatin sponge, Gelfoam, for use as a delivery vehicle for MSCs in cartilage regeneration therapy. Adult human MSCs (hMSCs) were seeded throughout the gelatin sponge after a 2-h incubation period. When cultured for 21 days in vitro in a defined medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of TGF-beta 3, hMSC/Gelfoam constructs produced a cartilage-like extracellular matrix containing sulfated glycosaminoglycans (s-GAGs) and type-II collagen, as evident upon histologic evaluation. Constructs loaded with a cell suspension of 12 x 10(6) cells/mL produced an extracellular matrix containing 21 microg of s-GAG/microg of DNA after 21 days of culture. This production was more efficient than constructs loaded at higher or lower cell densities, indicating that the initial seeding density influences the ability of cells to produce extracellular matrix. When implanted in an osteochondral defect in the rabbit femoral condyle, Gelfoam cylinders were observed to be very biocompatible, with no evidence of immune response or lymphocytic infiltration at the site. Based on these observations we conclude that Gelfoam resorbable gelatin sponge is a promising candidate as a carrier matrix for MSC-based cartilage regeneration therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy of chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinomas: experience from the Gustave Roussy Institute and the Bicêtre Hospital.

Chemoembolization (CE) has been used for more than 10 years to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in our departments, and three studies have been done. The first was a retrospective study on 232 patients in which CE was performed with doxorubicin and Gelfoam with or without Lipiodol; the response rate was 41% (34.7-47.3%) and survival was better for Okuda stage I disease than for stages II and III (2-year survival 82, 29, and 0% respectively); for patients with Lipiodol retention the response rate was over 50%. The second study compared CE with doxorubicin and Gelfoam to symptomatic treatment in a randomized manner; it included 42 patients and failed to demonstrate a survival advantage (1-year survival: CE 24% vs. control 31%; NS). The third study is ongoing and tests CE with cis-platinum, Lipiodol, and Gelfoam. According to our experience prospective randomized studies are warranted to define clearly the best indications for CE in HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1996

Early effects of FGF-2 on glial cells in the MPTP-lesioned striatum.

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), locally administered in gelfoam to the striatum of mice treated with the neurotoxic drug 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), has restorative and neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons and associated striatal transmitter systems. Most of the beneficial alterations are apparently indirect. FGF-2 must therefore act through a series of cellular and molecular intermediate steps, which have not been explored. We have previously shown that FGF-2 does not significantly affect the astroglial reaction at the time, when the neuroprotective effect of FGF-2 reaches a peak (Day 11). In this study we have investigated the effect of FGF-2 at earlier time points after MPTP treatment. We report now that as early as 6 h after administration of the gelfoam containing either FGF-2 or control protein, FGF-2 immunoreactivity disappears from astroglial nuclei, while appearing in small ramified GFAP- and S-100-negative cells, most likely microglia. At 18 h, numbers and staining intensities of GFAP-ir astroglial cells are greater in FGF-2- than in cytochrome C-treated animals. At this time FGF-2-ir reappears in astroglia nuclei of cytochrome C-treated animals, but remains undetectable in the striatum carrying the FGF-2-containing gelfoam. Ramified GFAP/S-100-negative presumed microglial cells are now intensely ir for FGF-2. Signs of an FGF-2-mediated astrogliotic reaction are very pronounced at 18 h and 2 days, but no longer at 11 days, when the astrogliosis reaction has become equally strong in FGF-2- and cytochrome C-treated striata. Our results suggest that administration of FGF-2 to the MPTP-lesioned striatum has early effects on astro- and presumed microglia cells, notably on the nuclear FGF-2-ir of astrocytes. These changes may be involved in mediating the neuroprotective effects of FGF-2 in the MPTP-model of Parkinsonism.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1997

Fetal spinal cord transplants rescue some axotomized rubrospinal neurons from retrograde cell death in adult rats.

Intraspinal transplants of fetal spinal cord may contribute to recovery after spinal cord injury by keeping axotomized neurons alive. In this study we examined whether transplants rescued axotomized red nucleus (RN) neurons from retrograde cell death in adult rats. RN neurons were labeled by retrograde transport of Fluorogold (FG); 1 week later right-sided RN neurons were axotomized by left-sided hemisection at C3-4 vertebral level, and Embryonic Day 14 spinal cord or gelfoam was introduced into the cavity. Additional rats received hemisection and a transplant of fetal spinal cord or gelfoam without FG injection. At 2 and 4 months, the number of neurons in the magnocellular portion of the RN contralateral to the hemisection decreased 35-40% in rats that received gelfoam; mean soma area of surviving neurons decreased 40%. RN cell loss was reduced to 20% in rats that received fetal spinal cord transplants, but the decrease in mean soma area was unchanged. Transplants therefore rescued about half of the axotomized RN neurons that otherwise would have died but did not prevent perikaryal atrophy. Anterograde transport of WGA-HRP injected into RN 2 months after transplantation showed that rubrospinal axons reached the site of injury but rarely entered transplants; FG injections caudal to transplants showed that axons of transplant neurons extended at least two segments into host spinal cord. Fetal spinal cord transplants may therefore contribute to locomotor recovery in adults with spinal cord injuries both by preventing retrograde cell death and by establishing novel circuits across the site of injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Comparative study of the efficacy of the common topical hemostatic agents with fibrin sealant in a rabbit aortic anastomosis model.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the hemostatic efficacy of the common surgical hemostatic agents with fibrin sealant (FS) and to assess their functional strength to secure hemostasis in lieu of placing additional sutures. METHODS: End-to-end anastomosis of transected abdominal aorta was performed in moderately anticoagulated rabbits using 4 or 6 interrupted sutures. The suture line was covered either with gauze alone ("untreated") or with gauze plus Gelfoam, Avitene, Surgicel, FloSeal, or FS, following which blood flow was restored. Blood loss was absorbed by gauze and measured. The surviving rabbits were recovered and the repaired vessel was examined histologically 4 weeks after operation. The investigators were blinded to the treatment groups. Aortic anastomoses using 8 or 12 sutures (untreated) were also performed. RESULTS: Untreated 4-suture anastomosis of aorta resulted in a profuse hemorrhage with an average 108.0 +/- 19.2 (mean +/- SD) ml blood loss and 100% mortality (n = 4). FS application sealed the anastomoses, prevented blood loss (P < 0.01 vs untreated) and exsanguination of the rabbits (n = 4). Other hemostatic agents reduced the bleeding to varying degrees compared to the untreated animals (Gelfoam 66.4 +/- 17.6, Avitene 80.6 +/- 34, Surgicel 66.7 +/- 16.7, FloSeal 44.2 +/- 8.5 ml blood loss, n = 4/group), but the changes were not statistically significant. One to three rabbits in each group survived the operation. Six-suture aortic anastomoses, untreated, resulted in 67.7 +/- 21.8 ml blood loss and 100% survival (n = 6). Application of FS produced immediate and sustained hemostasis in all the animals (P < 0.01 vs untreated). Other hemostatic agents also reduced the bleeding (Gelfoam 42.5 +/- 10, Avitene 50.9 +/- 12.4, Surgicel 32.1 +/- 14, FloSeal 33.9 +/- 5.4 ml blood loss, n = 6/group), but the changes were not statistically significant. The 8- and 12-suture aorta repairs resulted in a moderate blood loss (43.9 +/- 19 and 21.3 +/- 14.9 ml, respectively), followed by a stable hemostasis that precluded the need to use any hemostatic agent. The aortic cross-clamping time of the 12-suture and time to hemostasis for both the 8- and the 12-suture techniques were significantly longer than those of the 4-suture plus FS application (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: In a moderate coagulopathy, FS was proven to be the most efficacious hemostatic agent, producing immediate and sustained hemostasis at the arterial anastomotic site. This high efficacy is in part attributed to the strong tissue adhesive property of this agent. FS application may potentially ease the anastomosis and shorten the duration of timely critical vascular procedures.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Neuron-associated class III beta-tubulin, tau, and MAP2 in the D-283 Med cell line and in primary explants of human medulloblastoma.

The D283 Med human medulloblastoma cell line and primary explants of five surgically excised medulloblastomas were cultured using a three-dimensional Gelfoam matrix system. The cultures were evaluated immunohistochemically for a series of antigenic determinants associated with neuronal or glial differentiation. Focal immunolocalization of class III beta-tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and to a lesser degree tau, was demonstrated in all cultures. Class III beta-tubulin isotype, MAP2, and tau protein were also detected by immunoblot in Gelfoam matrix cultures, monolayer cultures, and suspension cultures of D283 Med cells. Staining for neurofilament protein epitopes was highly variable, even among different cultures derived from the same original tumour, but time-dependent changes in neurofilament protein, which may have reflected neuronal differentiation, were not consistently shown. Widespread gamma-enolase and focal synaptophysin reactivities were visualized in all cultures, but no S-antigen staining was detected. Leu 7 labelling was variably present in half of the cultures of D283 Med cells, but was more abundant in explants derived from four of the five original tumours. Vimentin was consistently found in D283 Med cultures at all time points. No immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected in the D283 Med cell line. Conversely, staining for this protein was demonstrated in scattered astrocytic cells in the surgical specimens of all five medulloblastomas. Concomitant with increased time in culture, three of the primary tumours displayed increased numbers of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells when cultured in the Gelfoam system, but the other two tumours had a minimal astrocytic component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The presence of neuron-associated microtubule proteins in the human U-251 MG cell line. A comparative immunoblot and immunohistochemical study.

U-251 MG, a permanent cell line derived from human glioblastoma multiforme with the capacity to maintain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) production over repeated in vitro passages, was evaluated for the expression of three neuron-associated proteins (Class III beta-tubulin, MAP2, and tau) in three different in vitro systems: as free-floating suspensions, on coverslips, and on a gelatin foam (Gelfoam) matrix. Cells grown under the three in vitro conditions were analyzed by immunoblotting techniques, whereas immunohistochemical analyses were performed on cells grown on Gelfoam. By immunohistochemistry, cells were positive for Class III beta-tubulin isotype, a neuron-associated beta-tubulin, for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), but not for tau. Immunoblotting studies confirmed the presence of Class III beta-tubulin in extracts of cells grown under the three in vitro conditions. MAP2 and tau were clearly evident only in cell extracts grown in Gelfoam cultures. GFAP expression was observed in all three in vitro conditions by immunoblotting and also in foam matrix cultures by immunohistochemistry. In matrix cultures, Class III beta-tubulin- and GFAP-positive cells were found immediately adjacent to each other, but coexpression of these proteins was not observed, and the cells were morphologically indistinguishable. Our findings confirm the heterogeneity of malignant gliomas in vitro, and the implications of these observations require further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Transplants of purified astrocytes promote behavioral recovery after frontal cortex ablation.

Ablation of the medial frontal cortex produces a learning deficit on a reinforced alternation task. Recovery from this deficit was significantly accelerated in rats by transplantation of either cultured purified astrocytes or Gelfoam that had remained the previous 5 days in a brain wound in another animal (wound-Gelfoam). Cell-free extracts of wound-Gelfoam did not enhance behavioral recovery. Embryonic frontal cortex was effective only if transplanted with a delay after ablation. It appears from these results that transplants can facilitate functional recovery by more than one mechanism, including promotion of survival and reactive synaptogenesis of host neurons, stabilization of the damaged environment and replacement of lost neurons. In this study, glial cells were capable of facilitating recovery from central nervous system damage to the same extent as neuronal transplants.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Neuronotrophic activity for ciliary ganglion neurons. Induction following injury to the brain of neonatal, adult, and aged rats.

The induction of neuronotrophic activity following injury to the brain of neonatal, adult, and aged Sprague-Dawley rats was compared using an improved in vitro assay. The maximal levels of activity in tissue surrounding the wound were reached at 3, 10-15, and about 15 days postlesion in neonatal, adult, and aged animals, respectively. Tissue neuronotrophic levels were always much lower in neonatal animals relative to the older animals. Accumulation of neuronotrophic activity in the gelfoam placed into the wound cavities in neonatal and adult animals lagged behind the levels in tissue by 4-5 days, suggesting that either the neuronotrophic factor itself or the cells which produce it are transferred from the tissue into the gelfoam. Relatively little activity accumulated in the gelfoam taken from aged Sprague-Dawley rats, and this observation was confirmed in aged Fischer rats. Aged animals seem to be unable to produce or release one of a number of neuronotrophic factors in response to injury.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1995

Experimental topical tetracycline-induced neuritis in the rat.

PURPOSE: Recent studies have reported that tetracycline may induce chronic inflammatory responses in the adjacent soft tissues. The purpose of the present study was to determine if dry, powdered tetracycline evoked an inflammatory response in nerve tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and bilateral mental nerves were exposed. Half of the 40 nerves were intentionally injured by removing the epineurium, and the remaining nerves were uninjured. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind manner, equal volumes of color-matched, precoded tetracycline powder or Gelfoam (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) powder control was placed in intimate contact with the nerves and sealed in polyethylene tubes. Forty-five days later the animals were killed and 5-micron sections of the nerves were prepared for histologic examination. The presence of epineurium, fascicular number, and fascicular area were measured. An inflammatory response in nerve tissue and the intrafascicular and epifascicular inflammatory index was measured by counting darkly stained nuclei with a Jandel Video Analysis System (Jandel Scientific, Corte Madera, CA). RESULTS: Experimental injury (ie, epineurectomy) of nerves resulted in a statistically significant increase in fascicular number (P = .034), but not in fascicular area. For the intrafascicular inflammatory index, there was a significant main effect for drug (P = .002) and injury (P = .002). Experimental injury in both Gelfoam control and tetracycline grouped nerves resulted in an increase in intrafascicular inflammation. There was no significant increase in intrafascicular inflammation in either Gelfoam control or tetracycline grouped nerves when the epineurium was intact. The combination of both tetracycline and epineurectomy resulted in the largest increase in intrafascicular inflammation found among the groups studied. For epifascicular inflammatory index, there was a significant main effect for drug (P = .003) and injury (P = .001) that mirrored the intrafascicular inflammatory pattern. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that dry, powdered tetracycline accentuates the inflammatory response in intrafascicular and epifascicular nerve tissue following epineurectomy. The maintenance of epineurium inhibited the inflammatory response in intrafascicular and epifascicular nerve tissues. Gel-foam was an inert material when placed against exposed nerve tissue. These findings suggest that tetracycline should not be placed in extraction sockets when injury of the inferior alveolar and/or lingual nerves are present.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Direct round window application of gentamicin with varying delivery vehicles: a comparison of ototoxicity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patterns of ototoxic damage sustained from gentamicin applied directly to the round window in varying delivery vehicles. SETTING: The search for a reliable method of drug delivery to the inner ear continues. Vehicles such as Gelfoam, hyaluronic acid, and fibrin may allow for a more reproducible pattern of ototoxic damage. STUDY DESIGN: Histological evaluation of vestibular and cochlear damage was performed on Mongolian gerbils after a known dosage of gentamicin in different delivery vehicles. RESULTS: Variable ototoxic damage was caused by Gelfoam and fibrin-based vehicles. No ototoxic damage was found in the Healon vehicle. The vehicle of fibrin and Gelfoam combined resulted in severe damage. There was no evidence of selective cochlear or vestibular ototoxicity in any of the vehicles tested. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The fibrin/Gelfoam vehicle was the only delivery system to produce reliable damage. Ototoxic damage depended on the vehicle. We found no evidence for selective vestibular ototoxicity with gentamicin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Crosslinked hydrogels for tympanic membrane repair.

PROBLEM: To provide a less expensive and more convenient protocol for the treatment of tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs). METHODS: Several materials were prepared and compared for TMP repair including Carbylan-SX, Gelatin-DTPH-PEGDA (GX), Carbylan-S/Gelatin-DTPH (Carbylan-GSX) (injectable and sponge), Gelfoam, Epifilm, and crosslinked thiolated chondroitin sulfate (CS-DTPH-PEGDA [CS-SX]). Hartley pigmented guinea pigs (Elm Hill) underwent bilateral myringotomy with 1 ear left as a control and the other treated with one of the previously mentioned materials. RESULTS: Carbylan-GSX (injectable and sponge), Gelfoam with saline, and CS-SX had the shortest time for TMP closure. Epifilm, Carbylan, and gelatin preparations resulted in closure rates similar to controls. CS-SX showed a marked inflammatory reaction compared with controls and other materials based on neutrophil, lymphocyte, epitheloid counts, and degree of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the validity of Carbylan-GSX compared with Gelfoam as a material to promote TMP closure in an acute TMP guinea pig model.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Iatrogenic renal vascular injuries and their radiological management.

Twenty-nine patients with significant haematuria after a renal invasive procedure (27 of whom had undergone a percutaneous renal procedure and 2 surgical pyelolithotomy) were investigated with angiography. Out of the 21 patients with evidence of arterial injury, 19 were treated by transarterial embolization with gelfoam with or with hydrogel particles; (n = 11), steel coils with gelfoam (n = 4), hydrogel particles (n = 1), surgicel (n = 2), silk with gelfoam (n = 1). The efficacy and technique of the therapeutic embolization procedure is emphasized.

Aneurysm, False↗