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PubMed1992

A file format for the exchange of nuclear medicine image data: a specification of Interfile version 3.3.

Working Group 1 of the European project COST-B2 on quality assurance of nuclear medicine software has been concerned with the development of an appropriate mechanism for the transfer of nuclear medicine image data files between computer systems from different vendors. To this end a protocol based upon Report No. 10 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) [1] was adopted. A previous publication [2] gave a specification (V3.2) for an intermediate file format with a list of key-value pairs for the header data associated with nuclear medicine image data files. This paper presents a revised specification for the intermediate file format and associated keys, now called V3.3, which has evolved from the experience in using the earlier version. It is hoped that the modifications proposed will improve the definition and usability of the file format as given in the earlier version.

European Union↗

PubMed2005

Complications associated with fractured file removal using an ultrasonic technique.

A technique utilizing modified Gates Glidden burs and ultrasonics has recently been advocated to remove fractured instruments from root canals. Varying extents of tooth structure are removed during this procedure, potentially leading to complications. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo complications associated with fractured file removal. Fractured instrument fragments were removed from three different levels (coronal, middle, or apical third) of mesiolingual canals of extracted human mandibular molars. The success rate, frequency of perforations, and root strength were recorded for each group. Perforations and unsuccessful file removal occurred only with fragments lodged in the apical third. Fracture resistance declined significantly with more apically located file fragments. A review of 60 clinical cases showed similar rates of successful file removal and rate of perforations. Removal of a fractured file fragment from the apical third of curved canals should not be routinely attempted.

Dental Instruments↗

PubMed2005

An objective evaluation comparing the physical properties of two brands of stainless steel endodontic hand files.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of a flexible stainless steel K-type hand file recently introduced by Brasseler USA (F-Style files; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), in comparison to those of a well-studied instrument (Flex-o-files; Maillefer-Dentsply, Ballaigues, Switzerland), that has been on the market for more than 20 yr. The physical properties measured included torque at failure, angular deflection at failure, flexibility, and consistency of diameter at 3 mm from the cutting tip; and the evaluations were carried out on size #10 through #50 files of each of the two brands being tested. The results indicated that the Brasseler instruments were inherently more flexible, but had smaller diameters, lower torque, and angular deflection values at failure, than those of the Maillefer files.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed2006

Automated reassembly of file fragmented images using greedy algorithms.

The problem of restoring deleted files from a scattered set of fragments arises often in digital forensics. File fragmentation is a regular occurrence in hard disks, memory cards, and other storage media. As a result, a forensic analyst examining a disk may encounter many fragments of deleted digital files, but is unable to determine the proper sequence of fragments to rebuild the files. In this paper, we investigate the specific case where digital images are heavily fragmented and there is no file table information by which a forensic analyst can ascertain the correct fragment order to reconstruct each image. The image reassembly problem is formulated as a k-vertex disjoint graph problem and reassembly is then done by finding an optimal ordering of fragments. We provide techniques for comparing fragments and describe several algorithms for image reconstruction based on greedy heuristics. Finally, we provide experimental results showing that images can be reconstructed with high accuracy even when there are thousands of fragments and multiple images involved.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2006

Automated structure extraction and XML conversion of life science database flat files.

In the light of the increasing number of biological databases, their integration is a fundamental prerequisite for answering complex biological questions. Database integration, therefore, is an important area of research in bioinformatics. Since most of the publicly available life science databases are still exclusively exchanged by means of proprietary flat files, database integration requires parsers for very different flat file formats. Unfortunately, the development and maintenance of database specific flat file parsers is a nontrivial and time-consuming task, which takes considerable effort in large-scale integration scenarios. This paper introduces heuristically based concepts for automatic structure extraction from life science database flat files. On the basis of these concepts the FlatEx prototype is developed for the automatic conversion of flat files into XML representations.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1996

A comparison of bending and torsional properties of K-files manufactured with different metallic alloys.

The purpose of this study was to compare bending (bending moment) and resistance to fracture by twisting (torsional moment and angular deflection) of triangular cross-section K-files made of either nickel titanium (Nitiflex, Naviflex), titanium (Microtitane) or stainless steel (Flexofile, Flex-R). A total of 200 files were tested, 10 instruments for each type from size 25 to 40, according to ANSI/ADA specification no. 28 and ISO reference no. 3630. Files made of nickel titanium, especially Nitiflex, were the most flexible. Stainless steel instruments presented a higher bending moment than files made of nickel titanium and titanium, particularly Flex-R sizes 35 and 40. With regard to resistance to fracture, measured by angular deflection at the failure point, Flexofile followed by Flex-R were the most resistant to fracture and Nitiflex were the least resistant. Differences in angular deflection among file groups were greater than those for torsional moment. Thus, it seems that angular deflection is a more specific measurement for assessing resistance to fracture by twisting.

Alloys↗

PubMed1989

An analysis of breakage of ultrasonic files during root canal instrumentation.

The incidence of fracture of Cavi-Endo ultrasonic K-files during ultrasonic root canal preparation was evaluated. In addition, the appearance and the sites of fractures were examined in relation to the nodal points on the file. The displacement amplitudes and the hardness of the files were quantified to determine their relationship to fracture. It was observed that the files exhibited a low incidence of fracture, which was of the brittle type and occurred at the apical ends. The displacement amplitude and the hardness of the files did not appear to influence the incidence of fracture.

Equipment Failure↗

PubMed1990

Some observations on the mechanics of oscillation of ultrasonic files.

The resonant characteristics of ultrasonic files driven by the Cavi-Endo unit were examined. The investigation was carried out by evaluating the pattern of oscillation and the power emitted by the ultrasonic files. It was observed that the files oscillated in a sinusoidal fashion, exhibiting a standing wave pattern along the file. The power emitted was found to be directly proportional to the flexibility of the file. Such behaviour is typical of a system that exhibits resonance.

Dental High-Speed Equipment↗

PubMed1996

Analysis of the surface cut by sonic files.

The purpose of this investigation was to compare 3D profilometry and SEM analysis of a polished surface of bovine bone instrumented by sonic files. Two situations where investigated, i) no operator assisted movement, ii) operator assisted movement. Heliosonic, Rispisonic and Shaper files were investigated at full power setting and an interfacial load of 100 grams. The specimens were subjected to analysis using a 3D Form Talysurf prior to being sputter coated with gold and viewed under an SEM. The 3D surface analysis was found to be complimentary to SEM evaluation in that each provided additional information to the other. 3D analysis proved to be excellent for showing the topographical nature of the cut surface and gave a better indication of depth than the SEM. Debris was however more apparent on SEM evaluation. Each file showed distinctive characteristics in the shape that was cut. The cutting appeared to be as a result of abrasion with no operator assisted movement and was as a result of the longitudinal file action. However when movement was superimposed on this action continuous chip formation was apparent especially for the Rispisonic and Shaper files.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Informatics in radiology (infoRAD): multimedia extension of medical imaging resource center teaching files.

A new method has been developed for multimedia enhancement of electronic teaching files created by using the standard protocols and formats offered by the Medical Imaging Resource Center (MIRC) project of the Radiological Society of North America. The typical MIRC electronic teaching file consists of static pages only; with the new method, audio and visual content may be added to the MIRC electronic teaching file so that the entire image interpretation process can be recorded for teaching purposes. With an efficient system for encoding the audiovisual record of on-screen manipulation of radiologic images, the multimedia teaching files generated are small enough to be transmitted via the Internet with acceptable resolution. Students may respond with the addition of new audio and visual content and thereby participate in a discussion about a particular case. MIRC electronic teaching files with multimedia enhancement have the potential to augment the effectiveness of diagnostic radiology teaching.

Multimedia↗

PubMed2000

Munchausen files in Scottish A&E Departments: a review of current practice.

Our objective was to describe current use of Munchausen files in Scottish Accident and Emergency Departments. A Postal questionnaire survey was sent to lead A&E consultant/clinical directors in each department in Summer 1998. A total of 29 departments replied with 27 saying they kept a Munchausen file, of which only two were updated regularly. Organisation of information was variable or absent. Six departments kept data on other groups such as drug misusers, violent patients, missing persons or children at risk in the same file. Of the 27 replies, only 14 departments would review their own files if suspecting a case; only 11 would report a suspected incident, to a variety of destinations. The majority of Scottish A&E departments do keep a Munchausen file although there appears to be little consistency in the collection, use and dissemination of the information therein. An improved data system may lead to more appropriate patient management.

Confidentiality↗

PubMed2004

eL-DASionator: an LDAS upload file generator.

BACKGROUND: The Distributed Annotation System (DAS) allows merging of DNA sequence annotations from multiple sources and provides a single annotation view. A straightforward way to establish a DAS annotation server is to use the "Lightweight DAS" server (LDAS). Onto this type of server, annotations can be uploaded as flat text files in a defined format. The popular Ensembl ContigView uses the same format for the transient upload and display of user data. RESULTS: In order to easily generate LDAS upload files we developed a software tool that is accessible via a web-interface http://atgc.lirmm.fr/eldasionator.html. Users can submit their DNA sequences of interest. Our program (i) aligns these sequences to the reference sequences of Ensembl, (ii) determines start and end positions of each sequence on the reference sequence, and (iii) generates a formatted annotation file. This file can be used to load any LDAS annotation server or it can be uploaded to the Ensembl ContigView. CONCLUSION: The eL-DASionator is an on-line tool that is intended for life-science researchers with little bioinformatics background. It conveniently generates LDAS upload files, and makes it possible to generate annotations in a standard format that permits comfortable sharing of this data.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2005

Efficient analysis and extraction of MS/MS result data from Mascot result files.

BACKGROUND: Mascot is a commonly used protein identification program for MS as well as for tandem MS data. When analyzing huge shotgun proteomics datasets with Mascot's native tools, limits of computing resources are easily reached. Up to now no application has been available as open source that is capable of converting the full content of Mascot result files from the original MIME format into a database-compatible tabular format, allowing direct import into database management systems and efficient handling of huge datasets analyzed by Mascot. RESULTS: A program called mres2x is presented, which reads Mascot result files, analyzes them and extracts either selected or all information in order to store it in a single file or multiple files in formats which are easier to handle downstream of Mascot. It generates different output formats. The output of mres2x in tab format is especially designed for direct high-performance import into relational database management systems using native tools of these systems. Having the data available in database management systems allows complex queries and extensive analysis. In addition, the original peak lists can be extracted in DTA format suitable for protein identification using the Sequest program, and the Mascot files can be split, preserving the original data format. During conversion, several consistency checks are performed. mres2x is designed to provide high throughput processing combined with the possibility to be driven by other computer programs. The source code including supplement material and precompiled binaries is available via http://www.protein-ms.de and http://sourceforge.net/projects/protms/. CONCLUSION: The database upload allows regrouping of the MS/MS results using a database management system and complex analyzing queries using SQL without the need to run new Mascot searches when changing grouping parameters.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed1991

Calculating DWI/DWAI recidivism with limited data: using state driver license file for drinking and driving research.

One major research issue in drinking-driving is the volume of DWI/DWAI recidivism in a political unit during a given period of time. This article addresses a methodological issue: How can limited data from the official driver license file be used to calculate drinking-driving recidivism rates? New York State maintains one of the most comprehensive driver license files in the nation, but a dynamic process purges records on the file that are more than ten years old. The magnitude of the recidivism rate calculated from this file, thus, is influenced by the number of data points included: the more years of data included, the higher the rate. We used OLS to examine the impact of the dimension of the data on the recidivism rate and mathematically extended the file to the point where the impact of the data dimension is minimum. We, then, calculated the New York State DWI/DWAI recidivism with an "extended dimension."

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1999

A World Wide Web Internet engine for collaborative entry and peer review of radiologic teaching files.

OBJECTIVE: Radiologists can now use the Internet as a dissemination medium for radiologic teaching files. This has greatly increased the availability of radiologic information to a larger number of people. However, the creation of the teaching files themselves remains a static and labor-intensive process. As a partial solution to this problem, we set out to create a World Wide Web-based Internet engine for the collaborative entry and peer review of radiologic teaching files. CONCLUSION: We created a system that facilitates, simplifies, and improves the generation of radiologic teaching files. We used the Internet to help promote the creation of teaching files in a more timely, efficient, and effective manner.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed1996

Experiment files and their application during large-scale sequencing projects.

The data for large scale sequencing projects are passed through several processing steps prior to assembly, and post-assembly processing generally requires knowledge of more than just the sequence of each reading. We address here the problem of providing data to individual programs and of combining all the tasks into a single process. The solution comprises two components: a file format (experiment file format) that stores information about readings, and a script (PREGAP) that controls the creation and use of experiment files by the processing programs. PREGAP can take a batch of data from a variety of sequencing instruments, gather information about each reading, and then scan the reading to select the 3' end of the good quality data, mark sequencing vector, other cloning vector sequences, and Alu segments. The results of all these operations are added to the experiment file for each reading, ready for processing by the assembly program. Experiment files also provide a mechanism for using alternative assembly engines with our package.

Sequence Analysis↗

PubMed1996

What's in an object file? Evidence from priming studies.

Six experiments were conducted to investigate the nature of the contents of object files, temporary representations that store information about objects. Experiment 1 used a lexical priming paradigm with a lexical decision task, in which the prime and target could appear in either the same or different locations. The results indicated a greater priming effect when the prime and target appeared in the same location than when they appeared in different locations (object-or location-specific priming). Experiment 2 replicated these findings for objects that changed position during the display. Experiment 3 demonstrated that these findings reflected the inclusion of abstract identity information, rather than physical form, in object files. Three additional experiments tested for the presence of three types of semantic information (related concepts, semantic features, and category membership) in object files. No object-specific priming effects were found. Taken together, these experiments suggest that an object file includes identity information, but not semantic information. Implications of the results for object file theory are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Influencing factors on file-up stress of family caregivers with a family member having a chronic mental illness].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing file-up family stress in the family with a family member having a chronic mental illness. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 365 families with a member having a chronic mental illness, in an outpatient clinic of a General Hospital and Government Psychiatric Hospital in Seoul. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The score of file-up stress showed a significantly negative correlation with the score of level of hardiness (r=-.31, p=.00), family support (r=-.13, p=.00), family cohesion (r=-.25, p=.00), and sense of coherence (r=-.26, p=.00). The most powerful predictor of file-up stress was family hardiness and the variance was 11.1%. A combination of hardiness, family support, and sense of coherence account for 14.8 % of the variance in file-up stress of the family with a member having a chronic mental illness. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that family support, hardiness, cohesion, and sense of coherence are significant influencing factors on file-up stress in the family with a member having a chronic mental illness.

Adolescent↗