Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Family Planning, Traditional Methods”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Multidisciplinary breast cancer clinics. Do they work?

BACKGROUND: In an attempt to improve the care they provide for their patients with breast cancer, the authors' institution developed a multidisciplinary breast cancer clinic (MDBCC) to offer "one-stop shopping" consultation and support for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-two patients, the control group for this study, were evaluated at Henry Ford Hospital during the year prior to the opening of the MDBCC. These patients, who were referred in the traditional sequential consultation manner, were compared with the first 177 patients seen during the first year of the clinic's operation. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to assess treatment timeliness, and anonymous questionnaires were used to assess patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The authors found that the MDBCC increased patient satisfaction by encouraging involvement of patients' families and friends and by helping patients make treatment decisions (P < 0.001). The time between diagnosis and the initiation of treatment was also significantly decreased (42.2 days vs. 29.6 days; P < 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: Although planning and operating a multidisciplinary clinic is not a new venture, to the best of the authors' knowledge, they have provided the first report demonstrating the benefits described above.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Safety and acceptability of a baggy latex condom.

A total of 104 couples participated in a randomized crossover trial to compare a new baggy condom with a straight-shaft condom produced by the same manufacturer. Participants completed a coital log after using each condom. All couples used five condoms of each type. Among 102 couples who did not report major deviations from the protocol, the breakage rate was eight of 510 (1.6%) for the baggy condom, and six of 510 (1.2%) for the standard condom (rate difference, RD = 0. 4%, 95% confidence interval of the RD, CI = -1.0%; +1.8%). Slippage was reported in 50 baggy condom logs and in 58 standard condom logs; the slippage rate was 50 of 510 (9.8%) for the baggy condom, and 58 of 510 (11.4%) for the standard condom (RD = -1.6%, 95% CI = -5.4%; +2.2%). Slippage was most often partial (<1 inch) and may not indicate condom failure. Severe slippage rates were 11 of 510 (2.2%) for the baggy condom, and 18 of 510 (3.5%) for the standard condom (RD = -1.4%, 95% CI = -3.4%; +0.7%). The findings support the conclusion that the two condoms are equivalent with respect to breakage and slippage. The participants appeared to prefer the baggy condom, suggesting that the new product may be more acceptable to the public than the traditional straight-shaft condoms, and may be easier to use consistently over long time periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Balancing effectiveness, side-effects and work: women's perceptions and experiences with modern contraceptive technology in Cambodia.

This community-based study presents the results of 17 focus-group discussions primarily among poor married women of reproductive age in urban and rural Cambodia regarding their experiences with modern contraceptive methods and their preferences for different technical attributes, including effectiveness, mode of administration, secrecy and rapid return of fertility. Key findings indicate that women who use modern contraceptive technologies desire highly effective methods of birth control. Cambodian women are primarily interested in longer-acting methods, view weight gain positively and are less concerned about a rapid return to fertility upon discontinuation of a method or secrecy from their partners. Women report a high level of side-effects as well as a high level of individual variation between side-effects and each modern contraceptive method used. Women with more knowledge and experience of modern contraceptive technologies alter their preference for highly effective methods based on a method's perceived suitability. Specifically, women may switch from a modern method associated with negative side-effects to a lesser effective traditional method, either to take a break from unwanted side-effects or discontinue modern methods altogether, if another suitable method is unavailable. These and other findings point to the need for greater development and choice of contraceptive methods with different technical attributes; improved information that clearly and simply describes how each method works within a women's body and its expected side-effects; improved access to reproductive health services; and improved assessment of women's underlying burden of reproductive illness not directly associated with modern contraceptives.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Job sharing in clinical nutrition management: a plan for successful implementation.

While women continue to enter the American work force in record numbers; many experience difficulty in juggling career and family obligations. Flexible scheduling is one option used to ease work and family pressures. Women's changing work roles have potentially noteworthy implications for clinical nutrition management, a traditionally female-dominated profession where the recruitment and retention of valued, experienced registered dietitians can prove to be a human resources challenge. Job sharing, one type of flexible scheduling, is applicable to the nutrition management arena. This article describes and offers a plan for overcoming obstacles to job sharing, including determining feasibility, gaining support of top management, establishing program design, announcing the job share program, and using implementation, monitoring, and fine-tuning strategies. Benefits that can be derived from a successful job share are reduced absenteeism, decreased turnover, enhanced recruitment, improved morale, increased productivity, improved job coverage, and enhanced skills and knowledge base. A case study illustrates one method for achieving job sharing success in clinical nutrition management.

Dietary Services↗
PubMed1994

Use of focus groups to explore nutrition practices and health beliefs of urban Caribbean Latinos with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Although Caribbean Latinos are two to three times more likely than non-Hispanic whites to develop diabetes, cultural influences on nutrition and health are poorly understood. To provide insight into important features of diabetes prevention and management, we conducted focus groups to explore nutrition practices and health beliefs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty low-income urban Caribbean Latinos with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and four family members participated in four focus group interviews that were conducted in Boston and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Interviews were conducted in Spanish, were tape recorded, and were led and analyzed by Latino professionals from a community-based health organization. RESULTS: Consistent themes described by participants were feelings of social isolation, little understanding of long-term consequences of diabetes, fatalism regarding the course of the disease, multiple barriers to diet and exercise interventions, skepticism regarding the value of preventive health behaviors, prevalent use of traditional nonmedical remedies, and a clear need for culturally sensitive health-care providers and services. CONCLUSIONS: The information from focus groups provides useful information for planning innovative intervention programs for chronic disease risk reduction that emphasize practical skills development, family/peer networks, empowerment techniques, and bilingual providers. We conclude that the focus group technique can be used effectively with low-income, urban minority populations to provide information on lifestyle behaviors and beliefs regarding chronic diseases that impact on health and nutritional status.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Modernism and contraceptive use in Colombia.

This analysis addresses the question of whether fertility can be lowered without the prior occurrence of the social and economic changes that have come to be labeled modernization. The data show that there exists in Colombia a relatively high level of motivation to control fertility that, for many women, is not coupled with both knowledge of and access to a method of contraception. For the "traditional" woman, the problem may not be lack of motivation so much as lack of access to methods that she is aware of, such as the pill, and lack of knowledge of methods that require few resources of supplies, such as rhythm and withdrawal.

Colombia↗
PubMed1996

Contraceptive use and attitudes in Italy 1993.

Surveys conducted between 1979 and 1991 indicated that contraceptive practice in Italy underwent rapid changes over that period. In order to assess current contraceptive use and attitudes, a survey was conducted among a random sample of 2000 Italian women aged 15-45 years. Replies were received from 1542 women (77.1%). Of the self-defined non-sterile, sexually active women who wished to avoid pregnancy, 30.3% were using oral contraceptives, 8.1% an intrauterine device, and 1.1% sterilization, while 29.6% were using traditional methods, principally coitus interruptus. In reply to questions about the relative advantages and disadvantages of various contraceptive methods, women expressed worries with respect to the safety of oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices and sterilization. Relatively high percentages of women answered 'do not know' with respect to the various aspects of intrauterine devices, periodic abstinence and sterilization that were investigated. In view of the findings of previous studies, the current data obtained suggested that traditional methods are being gradually displaced by modern methods in Italy. Nevertheless, the use of traditional contraceptive is widespread, the same probably being true of inconsistent use of condoms. Furthermore, lack of information on the contraceptive options available seems to be a central issue in Italy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Long-term benefits for Mäori of an asthma self-management program in a Mäori community which takes a partnership approach.

BACKGROUND: In 1991, an intervention trial of the efficacy of an asthma self-management plan was carried out in partnership with a rural Mäori community. The program relied on Mäori community health workers and other health professionals working in partnership, was delivered through clinics in traditional Mäori community centres and Mäori processes were followed throughout. The plan was shown to be effective in reducing asthma morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the long-term benefits of the program extent beyond reduced asthma morbidity and the extent to which any additional benefits may be related to the partnership approach employed by the program. METHOD: Forty-seven (68%) of the original program participants were surveyed in August 1997. Participants were questioned on the program's impact in areas such as cultural development, health service access and lifestyle. RESULTS: In addition to the improvements in asthma morbidity, the program was found to have four key benefits: cultural affirmation; improved access to other health services; a greater sense of control for participants; and positive impacts on the extended family. CONCLUSIONS: The program's benefits extended beyond reduced asthma morbidity and were not due simply to the introduction of the asthma self-management plan but also to the partnership approach employed by the program. IMPLICATIONS: The study provides support for providing public health services for indigenous communities that take a partnership approach, utilise community expertise and are delivered in a way that is consistent with each community's cultural processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Health beliefs related to diarrhea in Haitian children: building transcultural nursing knowledge.

Regardless of where they live or under what circumstances, mothers throughout the world seem to have a compelling desire to provide the best possible health care for their children (Huston, 1979). Haitian mothers living in the Dominican Republic were no exception. The health beliefs and practices of these mothers related primarily to diarrhea among their children which demonstrated a concern and resourcefulness that is commendable. The results of this study clearly indicate the importance of transcultural nurses conducting culturally relevant research as a basis to develop sound health programs in developing countries. Diarrhea was identified as the single most important threat to a child's health in these communities. That mothers did not know about the correct ingredients and/or proportions for oral rehydration solutions (Western views) was of interest. Although the Dominican government makes some commercial packets of ORS, most of the women interviewed did not have ready access to this product. This finding reflected the need for transcultural nurses to offer to teach mothers how to make ORS using the sugar, salt, and water they had available. Since the mothers' perception that diarrhea was a dangerous threat to their children's health, was verified by childhood mortality statistics in the bateys, it would seem that ORS could make a significant impact on the health status of the children. Breastfeeding also was a major health belief factor associated with the treatment of diarrhea. Even though the majority of mothers believed breast feeding should be continued if a child had diarrhea, a number believed it should be discontinued. Nurses working with CHWs will need to emphasize the importance of breastfeeding and help them to develop creative ways of communicating this information to the mothers. The second most dangerous threat to the child identified by the mothers was respiratory ailments. This suggests a new area of concentration for future research and training of CHWs. A host of new questions related to respiratory problems such as health beliefs, causative factors, course of disease, traditional treatments, mortality rate, etc. need to be investigated. When transcultural nurses plan health care programs for women and children in other cultures, it is important to recognize the concerns mothers have for their children, and their intense desire to nature and care for them. In this study, mothers willingly participated and demonstrated active interest in learning to use methods to improve the health and well being of their children. It is well documented (Lieban, 1977) that established health beliefs are not automatically discarded when new knowledge is made available, but that exploration and incorporation of new information when presented in a culturally relevant framework does occur. An understanding of local beliefs surrounding health is fundamental to the development of appropriate transcultural nursing interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Community mental health nursing: a social network approach.

This paper describes an intervention technique that the psychiatric nurse may find useful in community mental health settings. This technique is called social network intervention. It attempts to combine the best of traditional clinical psychotherapeutic method with the advantages of a social systems approach for working with the patient in psychiatric distress. The technique is based on the assumption that the solution to a variety of human predicaments lies within the collective instrumental and affective resources of a patient's social network. The vehicle for accomplishing this is the "Network Session" during which a mental health clinician convenes the patient and his/her social network to help plan and resolve the difficulty. A Case Report demonstrating the use of the technique is included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Adapting total quality management for general practice: evaluation of a programme.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the benefits and limitations of a quality improvement programme based on total quality management principles in general practice over a period of one year (October 1993-4). DESIGN: Questionnaires to practice team members before any intervention and after one year. Three progress reports completed by facilitators at four month intervals. Semistructured interviews with a sample of staff from each practice towards the end of the year. SETTING: 18 self selected practices from across the former Oxford Region. Three members of each practice received an initial residential course and three one day seminars during the year. Each practice was supported by a facilitator from their Medical Audit Advisory Group. MEASURES: Extent of understanding and implementation of quality improvement methodology. Number, completeness, and evaluation of quality improvement projects. Practice team members' attitudes to and involvement in team working and quality improvement. RESULTS: 16 of the 18 practices succeeded in implementing the quality improvement methods. 48 initiatives were considered and staff involvement was broad. Practice members showed increased involvement in, and appreciation of, strategic planning and team working, and satisfaction from improved patients services. 11 of the practices intend to continue with the methodology. The commonest barrier expressed was time. CONCLUSION: Quality improvement programmes based on total quality management principles produce beneficial changes in service delivery and team working in most general practices. It is incompatible with traditional doctor centred practice. The methodology needs to be adapted for primary care to avoid quality improvement being seen as separate from routine activity, and to save time.

England↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A hospital-based study of abortion in Nepal.

This report presents the major findings of a study of induced abortion in Nepal, based on 165 cases out of the 1,576 female patients identified as having abortion-related complications who were admitted to five major hospitals in urban Nepal during a one-year study period. Traditional birth attendants had been the service providers for two-fifths of the women. A longer delay in hospital referrals and lengthier hospital stays occurred for cases of induced abortion than for those of spontaneous abortion. Twelve of the 165 women in the study died in the hospital, most of them from tetanus. Deaths resulting from abortion-related complications represented more than half of all maternity-related deaths in the hospitals studied. The authors suggest that health risks could be reduced considerably by strengthening the hospital-referral system and by taking some preventive steps, such as educating the traditional birth attendants and other paramedical providers about the consequences of unsafe abortion practices; increasing the availability of contraceptive methods; and promoting the use of menstrual regulation, which has recently become available in Nepal on a limited scale, mostly in private clinics.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1993

Care of the dying: a Catholic perspective. Part III: Clinical context--good palliative care eases the dying process. Catholic Health Association.

In the midst of a push for legalized euthanasia and assisted suicide in the United States, the Catholic healing tradition should provide good palliative care and support for dying patients. Catholic healthcare institutions can have a counterinfluence on the euthanasia movement if they strive to relieve all forms of pain-physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. Care givers must adapt their pain management methods to diverse groups of patients and their needs. Comprehensive pain management includes not only specialized clinical programs to control physical pain, but also counseling and human support to minimize psychological pain, community support groups to counter social pain, and pastoral care resources to address spiritual pain. Truthful communication lies at the heart of the therapeutic relationship. Healthcare institutions can likewise organize themselves internally to offer optimal support programs for those who are dying, their families, and their care givers. Necessary ingredients for a comprehensive approach include integrated treatment plans, hospitable environments, policies on advance directives and collaborative decision making, ethics committees that are well versed in end-of-life issues, education programs, and a hospice philosophy of care.

Advance Directives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infertility and other fertility related issues in the practice of traditional healers and Christian religious healers in south western Nigeria.

Traditional healers have been an established source of health care delivery in Africa for centuries while Christian religious healers (193 traditional healers and 99 Christian religious healers) with respect to infertility and some other fertility-related issues. The findings show that both types of healers believe that infertility is most commonly due to the past life of the woman, physical problems related to the womb or to male potency, and imcompatibity between the man and the woman. Traditional healers also believed that being bewitched or being cursed can lead to infertility. Both groups of healers threat infertility by sacrifices, prayer and fasting, and timing of intercourse to coincide with the fertile period. Also 61% of traditional healers and 87% of religious healers advice their-clients with infertility to do nothing at least initially. To those clients seeking advice on preventing pregnancy, traditional healers tend to recommend herbal concoctions, beads and rings while Christian healers tended to recommend condoms, withdrawal method and the safe period. Both groups are consulted on premarital sex, premarital conception, sex during pregnancy and influencing the sex of an unborn baby. It was concluded that both traditional healers and Christian faith healers are involved with infertility and other fertility-related issues in their practices. There is an overlap in beliefs about causes and treatment of such conditions among both groups although areas of differences in beliefs and practices are clearly identifiable.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The efficacy of personalized audiovisual patient-education materials.

Patient education is considered an important component of primary care medicine. The traditional methods of patient education have been physician-patient dialogue and printed handouts. This study compares the relative efficacy of pamphlets, one-to-one dialogue, and audiovisual presentations. The results indicate that the slide and sound presentation was most effective in conveying patient information.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Using practical quality improvement approaches and tools in reproductive health services in east Africa.

BACKGROUND: A nonprofit, nongovernment organization, AVSC International provides technical assistance worldwide, including a range of reproductive health services and quality improvement (QI) approaches and tools. Current activities in East Africa involve several hundred sites, including referral hospitals, district-level hospitals, and individual family planning clinics. THE QI PACKAGE: AVSC and its local partners developed Client-Oriented, Provider-Efficient Services (COPE), a problem-solving process and set of tools to involve all levels of site staff members in assessing and improving the services. The COPE tools--self-assessment guides, client interview guides, client flow analyses, and action plans--promote involvement, ownership, and commitment to the QI process. Facilitative supervision and whole-site training complemented AVSC's traditional approaches of medical monitoring and informed choice. Facilitative supervision encourages supervisors and managers to consider staff members as internal customers, whose needs they must meet for staff to be able to meet the needs of external customers (clients). Whole-site training was developed to meet the needs of staff members and providers, who needed to function as a team responsible for providing high-quality services. CASE STUDY: A government hospital that has adopted the entire package of QI approaches, has used the Quality Improvement Quotient self-assessment surveys to track its progress in several elements of high-quality care, including management and supervision, safety, and information and client--provider interactions. For example, maternity ward staff learned how to pass on to their clients information about clients' rights and family planning methods through posters, pamphlets, sample contraceptives, and health talks. LESSONS LEARNED: AVSC's work with local organizations suggests a number of lessons learned, including the following: easy-to-use tools that promote staff involvement and ownership are essential in the QI process, QI requires considerable staff development and capacity building at all levels, and although the QI approaches were initially introduced for a relatively narrow field of services, they are applicable to and have increasingly been used in other departments and wards. (It is difficult, may be impossible, and certainly undesirable, to limit QI activities to one ward or service.) CONCLUSION: Activities in East Africa have shown that QI is possible even in very resource-poor settings. The same principles have guided the process in all the different programs, with some adaptation of the tools used. AVSC program activities are to continue to disseminate the experiences of sites implementing the package of tools and approaches, to advocate for investment in supervision and management capacity building as a means to support continuous quality improvement, and to further study the impact of the QI approaches on service quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Ritualized practices among caregivers at meals in geriatric care.

The aim of this study was to examine the procedures of the caregivers in their daily work with meals in geriatric care, emphasizing ritualized practices, praxis and norms. An ethnographic approach was used. Registered nurses, enrolled nurses and nurse's assistants observed in the study responded to a questionnaire and, finally, were interviewed. The findings indicated that the meals mainly took the form of ritualized practices, and praxis depended on the ability and needs of the patients as well as on the working conditions. The guiding norms identified were 'to provide a home-like situation with fellowship for training purposes', 'to ensure each patient gets what he/she needs/wants by means of a fair method of serving', and 'to keep things in order and to be responsible'. These norms were transferred from the traditional family in the society, giving the caregivers the role of the parent when training patients. The enrolled nurses, responsible for the meal performance, strove to keep the eating milieu in order, and the meal as a whole was performed as a ritual. Its static form made it difficult to individualize the meal in accordance with the different needs of the patients.

Adult↗