Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Echinococcus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic partial pericystectomy of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in the liver.

Laparoscopic partial pericystectomy is a promising new therapeutical approach in surgery of hydatid liver disease. In combination with a review of the published results of laparoscopic therapy for hydatid disease the actual relevance of this technique should be defined. Together with our own experience with this technique we evaluated all patients with hydatid liver disease from Echinococcus granulosus published in literature operated either by pericystectomy or by partial pericystectomy. The review was projected as a search over DIMDI data access. This technique is practicable without increasing the risk of intraabdominal spillage of scolices if well-known security criteria are respected. Additional training is not necessary. Laparoscopic treatment of Echinococcus multilocularis is not possible yet, as complicated liver resections may be required for these patients. Hydatid hepatic cysts of E. granulosus however may be operated upon laparoscopically and do not necessarily require open surgery. While working under visual control minimal invasiveness is achievable and post-operative hospital stay can be reduced. This new technique is a feasible method, especially regarding obese patients, but on the other hand it is limited by a laparoscopically inaccessible intrahepatic localization (Segments IVa, VII, VIII and small centrally located cysts).

Echinococcosis, Hepatic↗
PubMed1998

Reevaluation of effect of albendazole on echinococcus multilocularis infection in mice and gerbils.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect for albendazole therapy for alveolar echinococcus infection in gerbils and mice. METHODS: Mice and gerbils were infected of metacestode tissues by intraperitoneal (i.p.) transplantation and treated with albendazole-medicated feeds. The effects were evaluated by comparison of the treated and control groups in terms of host mortality, larval metastases to lungs and liver, final larval weight, histopathological, and ultrastructural examination of metacestode tissues. Viability of metacestode tissues at necropsy of treated animals was tested by intraperitoneal transplantation into uninfected animals. RESULTS: Albendazole-medicated feeds significantly inhibited larval growth of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) both in mice and gerbils with markedly reduced host mortality and pulmonary and liver metastases. Viability test showed that albendazole therapy was parasiticidal in early stage of experimental infection. Light microscopic and ultrastructural examination of metacestode tissues of the treated animals revealed severe destruction and massive necrosis with marked calcification of protoscoleces and residual tissues. CONCLUSION: Continuous long term albendazole therapy in animal models is parasiticidal against larval E. multilocularis especially in early stage of infection.

Albendazole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospects in medical management of Echinococcus granulosus.

Both benzimidazoles (albendazole) and isoquineline compounds (praziquantel) have activity against. We reviewed the efficiency of benzimidazole and isoquineline in the management of hepatic Echinococcus in our clinical cases and the other laboratory and animal studies. Until recently, surgery was the only treatment of choice. Albendazole introduction and its early results were exciting. In 1985, a favorable outcome of a combination of albendazole and praziquantel was described and lately indications for pre- and postoperative prophylactic usage has been established. Both drugs in animal and laboratory studies by different authors and our own clinical experiences were reviewed and the effectiveness for both therapeutic and prophylaxis purposes were studied. Albendazole in the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus is shown to be superior to other benzimidazoles and a combination of albendazole and praziquantel is more effective than albendazole alone. Albendazole therapy is associated with a 50% disappearance of cysts and in others has caused shrinkage, cyst wall and interacystic changes. Pre- and postoperative prophylactic therapy is effective and side effects with regular follow-up and evaluation are not serious. Long-term follow-up showed a 30% recurrence rate, whereas, in contrast, combination therapy required a shorter period of therapy but long-term outcome and recurrence are still to be evaluated. In conclusion chemotherapy is an essential part of management. Combination therapy is more effective and requires a shorter period of treatment than albendazole alone. Pre- and postoperative prophylactic therapy reduce risk of spillage and dissemination during surgery and percutaneous aspiration. Chemotherapy failure could be due to a number of factors such as pharmacokinetics and queries different strains of parasites which should not prevent its usage as an essential part of management.

Albendazole↗
PubMed2004

[Echinococcus cysts (hydatids)].

INTRODUCTION AND MATERIAL: This work is based on rich experience of the first-stated author. During a three-year expertise in Botswana he operated 80 patients with hydatic cysts and he took part in treatment of other patients affected by the Echinococcus granulosus infection. In 59 cases the infectious focus was located in the liver, in 18 cases in the lungs, in 2 cases in the spleen and in one case the foci were multiple peritoneal. METHODOLOGY: During the expertise period, the patients were observed prospectively, throughout the diagnostic decision-making and the treatment. Prior to the surgical procedure, they had been, in a long-run, treated with albendazole. In 18 cases out of the total number of the liver cysts, the experts chose a two-step procedure followed by a secondary plombage of the reduced cavity of the cyst with the omentum. The rest of the cysts were removed. Miniinvasive methods were not applied. However, the authors discuss their risks. RESULTS: None of the patients exited, in 3 cases a peroperational anaphylactic reaction was managed. Throughout the expertise, no cases of the echinococcus dissemination in the operated subjects were recorded. The team even managed to treat the hydatic cysts in patients who were HIV/AIDS positive and who were, originally, in a serious state of immunodeficiency. Five cases are presented in the form of brief case reviews. CONCLUSIONS: Benefits of the long-term preparation with albendazole--plombage operations are beneficial to be conducted in two steps, Betadin is the most suitable lavage solution, miniinvasive surgical procedures (PAIR) may bring on specific complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of anti-echinococcus antibodies in garbage men in Malatya.].

It has been reported that some occupation groups constitute a higher risk group with regard to hydatid cyst disease. Municipal garbage men also are under this risk especially in those places where untamed dogs are abundant. The aim of this study was to analyze the anti-Echinococcus antibodies in garbage men in Malatya who are regarded as high risk-group with regard to hydatid cysts. Two hundred and forty serum specimens were collected and were later analyzed with the manual indirect hemagglutination technique (IHAT) and indirect immunofluorescent technique (IFAT). Of these sera 17 (7.08%) were found to be seropositive. Garbage men who were found to be seropositive were examined for intestinal parasites using the cellophane type technique, native Lugol and sedimentation methods. It was found that the group members giving seropositive results were free of parasites such as Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana which may lead to cross reaction with Echinococcus granulosus. The garbage men were informed about the results of the examination and were oriented for further examinations. The seropositive rate of 7.08% found in this study is supports the view that the garbage men should be regarded as a risk group. In order to inform all garbage men about means of protection, training seminar were organized.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2005

[Molecular genetic characterization of genus Echinococcus.].

Morphological, biological and epidemiological features of the adult and metacestode stage of the genus Echinococcus have been the most frequently used criteria for the characterization of species. But strain characterization is more complex and is based on the morphological, biological, biochemical, epidemiological and molecular features. Although morphological and biological studies have provided extremely useful information for strain characterization, that these features may be variable must be taken into consideration. They may be influenced by host and environmental factors and may not reflect distinctness at a genetic level. Although, conventional techniques may be affected by the environment or host, molecular techniques allow a direct characterization of the genome of the parasite and they are not affected by environmental factors. In this review, various data concerning molecular typing methods of the genus Echinococcus have been summarized.

English Abstract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current problems of echinococcosis (Echinococcus multilocularis)].

Alveolar echinococcosis is by far the most dangerous human parasitosis in Central Europe. For the one part this is due to the fact that the parasite is localised in the liver, and for the second part it is due to the infiltrative growth of the larval cestode tissue. The life cycle of echinococcus multilocularis takes place primarily between the fox as final host and mice as intermediate hosts. In this cycle, man is an accidental host and is infected orally via the intake of cestode eggs. The individual channels of infection and their frequency have so far only been subject to speculation. The infection rate of foxes is highest in the range of the Swabian mountain pastures (known as Schwäbische Alb) (up to 55 per cent), but recently values of more than 30% have been registered in the adjacent areas as well. No accurate data are available on the infection rate in humans; seroepidemiological data indicate a prevalence between 0.1 and 0.5 per thousand. IHA, IIFT and ELISA are the most frequently used methods in serodiagnostics of echinococcosis. The specific E. multilocularis antigen should be used instead of the commercially available E. granulosus antigen when examining patients for alveolar echinococcosis. In clinical diagnostics, sonography and especially CT are well tried. If the parasitic infestation is discovered early, radical surgery is the method of choice. Chemotherapy with mebendazole (e.g. Vermox) is still unsatisfactory despite improvements. Possibly an echinococcus therapy of foxes via baits containing praziquantel may be a possibility to minimize the transfer to the human organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Echinococcus infestation of the biceps brachii. A case report.

Echinococcus is a genus of tapeworm endemic in certain parts of the world but found only rarely in the United States. An extremely unusual case of an intramuscular infestation involving an extremity occurred in a 41-year-old man. Since the infestation closely resembled a soft-tissue tumor on clinical and roentgenographic examination, the patient was treated with an incisional biopsy of the mass, which consisted of a cystic cavity filled with clear fluid. The diagnosis of an Echinococcus cyst was made only after permanent section analysis revealed numerous scoleces within the cyst lining. The patient was asymptomatic six months after cyst excision but still remains at risk for recurrence of the infestation. The present report serves to alert the reader to this rare but potentially fatal condition. Preoperative diagnosis is imperative to avoid inadvertant rupture of a hydatid cyst, which releases viable scoleces into the systemic circulation and may precipitate an anaphylactic reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Primary echinococcus cyst of the heart. A case report].

A young male commercial pilot, completely asymptomatic of heart disease, was found to have an abnormal ECG on routine examination. This consisted of a bifascicular block (left anterior hemiblock plus a complete right bundle-branch block). Aviation regulations demanded further examination to rule out possible cardiac disease. On two occasions in 1984 and again in 1986 cardiac catheterisation was performed and revealed normal left ventricular function and normal coronary arteries. On 15 April 1986 an echocardiogram revealed a large cystic mass in the right ventricle, which was further delineated by right-sided cine-angiography. The patient was referred for cardiac surgery with the diagnosis of an Echinococcus cyst as the most likely possibility. Open-heart surgery was performed on 16 July 1986 and a 4 x 4 cm hydatid cyst, originating from the right ventricle septum and projecting into the right ventricular cavity, was removed. The diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus was confirmed by histological examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Phagocytic function of monocytes in murine model of Echinococcus granulosus of human origin.

Phagocytic function of monocytes was studied in E. granulosus infected Swiss albino mice, with haemolysin coated sheep erythrocytes, Staphylococcus aureus, latex particles and- Echinococcus antigen coated latex particles. No significant difference in percentage phagocytic activity was observed in mice in the early stages of infection when compared to non-infected controls (P greater than 0.05). However, in the later stages of infection, increase in the phagocytic activity was noticed. The activity was more prominent against latex particles coated with Echinococcus antigen (P less than 0.001). Although the significance of these responses is not clear, this study showed an intact inflammatory response with certain degree of specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Echinococcus cysticus of the liver--sonographically a solid tumor].

In a patient with Hodgkin's disease, an intrahepatic echodense mass was diagnosed incidentally by ultrasonography. The sonographic pattern suggested a solid tumor. Despite negative or border-line serology, computed tomography established the diagnosis of Echinococcus cysticus by documentation of one "daughter" cyst; this diagnosis was confirmed by surgery. The criteria of Echinococcus cysticus in modern imaging methods like sonography and computed tomography are summarized and the diagnostic value of various procedures including diagnostic procedure in seronegative cases are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Echinococcus cysticus (author's transl)].

Echinococcus cysticus is a parasite; the human organism is invaded by cysticercus of the dog tape worm. In liver 60% of all viable embryos are retained, 30% in the lung, the last 10% spread via the arterial system into all other organs. Diagnosis can be established by serology, sonography, scintigraphy as well as invasive and non-invasive radiological examinations. Case reports of 20 patients with Echinococcus cysticus are given; the disease was localized 16 times in the liver, 3 times in the lung and once in the spleen. Drugs or x-ray treatment have no sufficient therapeutical effect. Trivial trauma can cause rupture of the cysts; therefore surgery is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The role of sonography in the diagnosis of Echinococcus alveolaris.

Abdominal sonography and computed tomography were performed in eleven patients with operatively and histologically proven Echinococcus alveolaris of the liver and the detailed appearances were compared. Sonography is a useful screening method in the assessment of E. alveolaris, but its previous importance is being gradually superseded by computed tomography, which is capable of providing more detailed information in the diagnosis of Echinococcus infestation.

Echinococcosis, Hepatic↗
PubMed1995

[High-grade transverse syndrome caused by echinococcus cysts].

In this report we present the case of a 16-year-old patient, born in Macedonia, who complained of abdominal and back pain and developed paraparesis. On admission to hospital, he showed a paraplegic syndrome, the level of sensation being T7, together with high-grade paraparesis of the lower extremities and spasticity and urinary incontinence. The protein content of the CSF was raised to 183 mg/dl. CT and MRI of the thoracic spine showed cystic lesions at the level of the 6th and 7th thoracic vertebrae, in the paravertebral area and in the 7th rib on both sides. The antibody titer of Echinococcus in the serum was positive. To treat this problem, corporectomy of the 6th to 8th thoracic vertebrae was performed, the area being bridged by a corticospongoid pelvic bone graft and with instrumental support of the 5th to 9th thoracic vertebrae. Histological examination revealed multilocular Echinococcus lesions. Under long-term treatment with mebendazole, the neurological deficits decreased in the postoperative phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Atypical Echinococcus cysticus (granulosus) of the liver].

An atypical case of cystic echinococcosis of the liver is reported. During a routine examination of a 75-year-old man an asymptomatic hepatic lesion was found. US, CT and MRI showed a solid, avascular, non-invasively growing lesion. Echinococcus serology was negative. Histological samples taken by biopsy and after cyst extirpation confirmed the diagnosis of an old, scarred Echinococcus cyst. Such findings are rare in echinococcosis and cause difficulties with the diagnosis. Be- cause of the increasing age of the population and the presence of tourists and immigrants from endemic areas, this condition is becoming more frequent. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Echinococcus of the kidney].

Echinococcus of the kidney is a rare form of hydatid disease, and accounts for 2 to 3 per cent of all echinococcoses. Over a ten-year period (1987-1996), eight patients with age ranging from 30 to 61 years are diagnosed and treated. Five of them (62.5 per cent) are discovered in the last two years. In seven instances (87.5 per cent) the diagnosis is made preoperatively on the ground of laboratory examinations; serological tests--intradermal test of Casoni and complement fixation after Ghedini-Weinberg, echographic and roentgenological methods. In two patients (33.3 per cent) scoleces and Echinococcus fragments are discovered in the urine. The serological tests are positive in five cases (62.5 per cent). All patients undergo operation, with nephrectomy performed in five (62.5 per cent), and capsula adiposa renis--in three (37.5 per cent). So far, no relapse of the disease is recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A case of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst in a zoo born dromedary in the Berlin-Fridrichsfelde zoo].

In Germany, the threat to human health by the small fox tapeworm (Echinococcus multilocularis) has been increasingly discussed in the last few years. On the other hand, the hydatid worm of the dog (Echinococcus granulosus) became more and more rare in Germany and was often declared to be eradicated. This paper presents a case of hydatid infection of the lung in an adult dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), which was born and kept all its life at Tierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde. Questions connected with E. granulosus infection are discussed from an ecological point of view: history, urbanisation, biology, clinical signs, potential threat to man, prophylaxis and treatment. In view of the extensive and sometimes uncontrolled dog keeping in urban households it must be stressed that careful documentation and surveillance of this life-threatening zoonosis, which was the main reason for its decline in the past, has not yet lost its importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Radiological diagnosis of echinococcus disease in man (author's transl)].

The position of radiological diagnostics in the context of the diagnosis of echinococcosis was discussed on the basis of 11 examined cases of Echinococcus cysticus (9) and Echinococcus alveolaris (2). General thoracic x-rays as well as radiological examination of the gastrointestinal track and the kidneys were used to establish the extent of echinococcosis and to determine the involvement of neighboring organs. Diagnosis of the liver is generally of major interest diagnostically. With a scintigram of the liver, parenchymatous lesions of 2-4 cm and larger can be diagnosed with an optimal examination technique. The scintigram used in connection with the arteriogram can clarify the extent of the parenchymatous lesions. The celiacogram is the most important of the morphological liver diagnostic methods. It can be augmented by the selective hepaticogramm. An exact localization and the relationship of the process to the vessels is possible only with the celiacogram. In addition, the exclusion of other liver processes for the differential diagnosis is possible with the angiogram. The direct splenoportography is for the most part, replaced today by the indirect splenoportogram, it is only used now for special problems.

Celiac Artery↗