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PubMed1993

Personality and coping styles in the prediction of dropout from treatment for cocaine abuse.

This study was designed to distinguish between dropouts and completers of residential therapeutic community treatment for cocaine abuse on the basis of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II (MCMI-II; Millon, 1987) and Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL; Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Schetter, DeLongis, & Gruen, 1986) scales, which measure detached, dependent, and independent personality and coping styles. Dropouts were differentiated from completers in two discriminant functions defined, in part, by scores on scales that tap a fiercely independent orientation with manipulative, exploitive, and confrontive interpersonal features. Also contributing to the discriminant functions identified in this study were scores on scales that measure responsiveness to direction from others associated with strong desire for social approval and ability to establish self-control of emotional and behavioral reactions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Therapist/patient matching and early treatment dropout.

This study of intake procedures was initiated with a view towards reducing the early dropout rate of substance abusers. Eight different therapists conducted intake interviews of 634 cocaine dependent, first admissions to an outpatient cocaine treatment program. No significant differences in return rate were found across either the eight therapists or their level of academic training. We found that matching therapists and patients with respect to gender and race for the intake interview did not increase the proportion of patients returning for a second visit. In addition, the hypothesis that providing a sense of continuity by having the therapist who conducted the intake interview become the treatment therapist did not result in a higher return rate than if the patient was assigned to a different treatment therapist. Although the results do not indicate methods of further reducing early treatment dropouts they are helpful in reducing concerns about who conducts intake interviews and how patients are assigned.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Factors associated with patient dropout from an outpatient alcoholism treatment service.

Treatment dropout was studied in 172 patients (40 women) of an outpatient alcoholism treatment program. The best predictors of dropout were the length of delay between appointments, and variables related to symptom levels such as the number of prior alcohol-related arrests, the use of illicit drugs and scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Of lesser importance, but in line with previous findings, were sociodemographic variables such as age, the level of social stability and the presence of dependents at home. No personality variables were found to be relevant. It is suggested that treatment programs can improve attendance by reducing the delay with which services are offered and by changing certain characteristics of treatment personnel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Characteristics associated with the dropout of hypertensive patients followed up in an outpatient referral clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics associated with the dropout of patients followed up in a Brazilian out patient clinic specializing in hypertension. METHODS: Planned prospective cohort study of patients who were prescribed an antihypertensive treatment after an extensive initial evaluation. The following parameters were analyzed: sex, age, educational level, duration of disease, pressure level used for classifying the patient, previous treatment, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, familial history of hypertension, and lesion in a target organ. RESULTS: We studied 945 hypertensive patients, 533 (56%) of whom dropped out of the follow-up. The mean age was 52.3+/-12.9 years. The highest probabilities of dropout of the follow-up were associated with current smoking, relative risk of 1.46 (1.04-2.06); educational level equal to or below 5 years of schooling, relative risk of 1.52 (1.11-2.08); and hypertension duration below 5 years, relative risk of 1.78 (1.28-2.48). Age increase was associated with a higher probability of follow-up with a relative risk of 0.98 (0.97-0.99). CONCLUSION: We identified a group at risk for dropping out the follow-up, which comprised patients with a lower educational level, a recent diagnosis of hypertension, and who were smokers. We think that measures assuring adherence to treatment should be directed to this group of patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Assisted treatment and tuberculosis cure and treatment dropout rates in the Guaraní-Kaiwá Indian nation in the municipality of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil].

In January 1998, home treatment regimens were launched in the municipality of Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and accompanied by indigenous health agents as a means of replacing the previous regimen, in which Guaraní-Kaiwá tuberculosis patients were systematically hospitalized for up to six months in the Porta da Esperan a Hospital. In order to verify whether this change in strategy had any effect on the cure and treatment dropout rates, a retrospective study was conducted on 594 patient records from January 1996 to December 1999. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I, treated by hospitalization (291 cases) and Group II, treated as outpatients (303 cases). Group II patients showed a significant increase in the cure rate and a significant reduction in the treatment dropout rate. The study also showed a high tuberculosis prevalence rate in children (40%), subsequently reported to the competent health authorities and thus launching specific projects to deal with this epidemiological reality. Based on these results, it is recommended that the assisted treatment strategy be adopted for other Indian populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The Edgecombe County High Blood Pressure Control Program: III. Social support, social stressors, and treatment dropout.

In a hypertension prevalence survey of a stratified random sample of 1,000 households, 2,030 adults (aged 18 years and over) were interviewed and information on psychosocial variables collected. Among 359 hypertensives, there was a consistent relationship between indicators of difficulty in the social environment and dropout from treatment in women. Compared to those who remained in treatment, women who dropped out can be characterized as having less social support on the job, having less perceived spouse approval (if married), having a lower level of perceived access to supportive resources, and being more likely to report feeling pushed most or all of the time if they are homemakers. Relationships between indicators of social support and dropout from treatment in men were found only with support on the job, and for White men, with perceived friend approval.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

School dropouts' attitudes and beliefs about smoking.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of beliefs and attitude related to smoking and smoking behavior among school dropouts in a national sample (weighted N = 492,352). The self-reported smoking rate for school dropouts was 58.3%. Those who were most positive about smoking (such as smoking helps people reduce stress and relax, reduce boredom) were more likely to be smokers (p < .05). Smoking programs targeting this population should provide coping skills and an environment with options for relaxing, managing stress, and safe weight control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in weight reduction program dropouts.

Dropouts of a weight reduction program are not evaluated for the lasting effects of weight reduction. This study was an attempt to learn about the benefits of weight reduction received and sustained by the dropouts of the program. Ninety-seven males and females dropping out of a dietary weight management program after 16-18 weeks of treatment, and after 9-9.4kg weight loss and wishing to rejoin the program for a second time after at least 9 months' absence from it, were considered for the study. Their body weight, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and blood sugar levels at the beginning of the second attempt, were compared with the respective values at the beginning of the first attempt. All patients had regained the weight lost during their first attempt when they reported for a second attempt. However, serum cholesterol and triglyceride values were 15% and 26% less for females, and 17% and 24% less for males, compared to their respective values on the first attempt, in the subgroup of patients with normal blood sugar levels. In the subgroup with above normal blood sugar levels, however, serum cholesterol and triglyceride values showed an increase by 12% and 17% respectively, for females, and by 2% and 7% respectively, for males, compared to their baseline values on their first attempt. The mechanism responsible for this observation was not uncovered. However, the observation that even an incomplete attempt at weight reduction appears to contribute in maintaining lower levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride of at least those with normal blood sugar levels, is useful in nutritional counseling for emphasizing the health benefits of the weight reduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of dropouts and disciplinary discharges from a therapeutic community.

Differences between regular dropouts and disciplinary discharges from drug treatment programs have frequently been overlooked in studies on attrition. Data on symptom, mood, attitudes, and social dysfunction were collected from 104 males under treatment for drug abuse at a VA Hospital A 2 x 2 analysis of variance tested for differences between regular dropouts/disciplinary discharges and heroin/nonheroin subjects. Results showed that the heroin dropouts had the most negative attitude toward the Hard Drug User, and the heroin disciplinary discharges tended to be the most dysfunctional.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Predicting treatment dropouts from a drug abuse rehabilitation program.

Seventy-five drug addicts who completed an opiate detoxification program were compared with 75 addicts who dropped out prematurely on 14 variables. Results showed that patients were more likely to complete detox when the number of staff absences and primary therapist absences increased, when more patients were admitted during their hospitalization, and if they were prescribed methadone. A discriminant function analysis successfully classified 88% of the sample into stay/leave categories. The results were cross-validated on an independent sample of 25 completers and 25 dropouts, resulting in 75% classification accuracy. Primary drug of abuse (heroin/Talwin) was not a factor on any measure. Results indicate that treatment dropout among drug addicts is based more on situational interactionism than on individual determinism.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Treatment dropouts: the effect of client and ecological variables.

Using data gathered on persons entering into alcohol treatment programs between 1974 and 1976, the study sought to develop an equation that would predict (1) Complete Successes, (2) Partial Successes, and (3) Dropouts. The predictor variables included a broad range of client-specific characteristics and ecological variables. The results indicate that both sets of influences affect our ability to predict who will fall into various categories. There appears to be a general progression in the amount of social resources held by the individual and contained within the individual's ecological environment as one moves from Dropouts to Partial Successes to Complete Successes. Results for policy makers and practitioners are identified and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Personality and demographic characteristics of dropouts and completers in a nonhospital residential alcohol treatment program.

This study investigated the relationship of scores on the Psychopathic Deviate, Denial, Dependency, and MacAndrew Scales of the MMPI; intelligence; age; income; and education to continuance in a residential alcohol treatment program. Dropouts scored higher on the Psychopathic Deviate Scale than completers did. For completers, Psychopathic Deviate scores were correlated with age and Denial scores were correlated with intelligence. These relationships did not occur for dropouts. Findings were compared to research done in hospital settings.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Group therapy for men who are violent towards their spouse: dropout from treatment].

It is now known that group treatment dropout rate for men who are violent towards their spouse constitutes a problem. The goal of this study is to verify if a link exists between attrition in a treatment for violent men and both partners's personal (age, revenue, substance abuse, having been subjected to violence as children) and marital variables (dyadic adjustment, anger, attribution, attachment style and violent behavior). Eighty men enrolled in a group treatment for marital violence have been recruited. Correlational analysis showed us that age is the only variable correlated with treatment dropout. The younger the participants, the most likely they were to drop out of the group therapy. These results will be further discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Reducing dropouts in outpatient care through an SMS-based system.

The objective of this work is to reduce the number of outpatients dropouts, i.e. appointments that, unexpectedly, are not attended by the scheduled patients, thus causing disturbances to the regular ambulatory workflow, waste of resources, and, eventually, longer waiting lists for ambulatory care. A collateral, but not less important result is the improvement of the relationship between citizens and the public Hospital Company. The method proposed consists in sending short instant messages to remind the appointment. After the promising estimates obtained by a preliminary cost-benefit analysis, a commercial product was purchased for the communication infrastructure, while a software module has been developed for interacting with the legacy system, in order to retrieve the information necessary to compose the text of every sms and send it to the citizen. The system has been implemented since seven months, and its benefits have been measured. Dropouts trend, stable at 7-8% during last years, is clearly decreasing, while the number of citizens providing their mobile number to the healthcare booking facilities is constantly increasing. Our conclusion is that the cost of the system will be amortised in a very short time, leading to a significant cost saving and, hopefully, to shorter waiting lists.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dropouts from orthodontic treatment. Factors which cause it].

Dropout of orthodontic treatment is something common in our services, but up to here, its possible causes have not been determined, therefore, a study is performed to a group of patients who had deserted from "La Vigía" Teaching Stomatologic Clinics, Department of Orthodontics, and who was on admission during 1981 and 1982. It was found that 18.9% of the patients on admission had interrupted treatment. A questionnaire related to possible causes of dropout was applied to the group and the most common causes for given up to treatment were detected: the patient was poorly motivated and lack of information on some important aspects of treatment on the part of the orthodontist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dropouts speak out: qualitative data on early school departures.

From interviews conducted in the home, qualitative data were obtained from 374 urban high school dropouts concerning their primary reason for leaving school early. Female and male respondents of five ethnic groups answered closed- and open-ended questions concerning their (1) dropout history, (2) reasons for leaving school, (3) feelings about various aspects of the high school experience, (4) past and present activities, (5) academic and general future plans, (6) reflections about school, and (7) recommendations for school improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The effect of a twelve-week dropout intervention program.

The problem of the high school dropout has been of serious concern to educators, service agencies, and society for many years. The problem has reached epidemic proportions in large urban communities with high concentrations of minority youngsters from low-income families. Given the magnitude of this problem from both the economic and humanistic perspective, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a twelve-week intervention program on potential dropouts. It was initiated in the Spring of the 1981-82 school year with a follow-up on the retention and absence rates in the fall of the same year. The results of the intervention revealed that the experimental intervention did impact significantly upon both variables of primary concern in the study, the retention and absence rates; the four affective measures of student attitude were not significantly affected by the program. These results pose serious questions concerning the generalizations of the self-concept to academic achievement.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Manton-Woodbury model for longitudinal data with dropouts.

Often in longitudinal studies one is not able to obtain a complete set of measurements of the variable recorded over time for each person in the study. This could be caused by some of the persons dying (or leaving the study for some other reasons) while the study is going on. If there is any concern that such missing data (which have been termed dropouts) and the variables measured over time affect each other, a model for the joint distribution is needed. For a review of several such models see Hogan and Laird (in this volume). A model of the same kind was proposed by Woodbury and Manton and developed further later on. In this model it is possible to describe the evolution of the distribution of the variable measured over time when exposed to mortality selection. In contrast to other models, this allows for an explicit description of the interaction between the variable measured over time and the time to dropout. We describe the model and propose some generalizations. The theory is illustrated by some Monte Carlo simulations.

Adult↗