SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Dilatation, Pathologic”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces: MRI pathological study.

We performed a histopathological study of two human brains to look at dilated Virchow-Robin (V-R) spaces in the anterior perforated substance and putamen. We measured the diameter of 74 arteries in 54 dilated V-R spaces. In 28 patients without neurological deficits we ascertained the characteristic location of dilated V-R spaces in the anterior perforated substance and basal ganglia on MRI, measuring the distance from 64 foci of cerebrospinal fluid signal intensity to the centre of the mamillary body on 1 mm thick images. In the histopathological study, the mean diameter of the arteries was 39.0 +/- 36.0 microns. Dilatation of the V-R space was observed from the end of the indentation of the pial membrane towards the brain surface along the perforating artery. In the MR images, the mean distance from the dilated V-R space to the mamillary body was 10.0 +/- 4.5 mm. The V-R space was confined to a fixed level in the lower part of the basal ganglia, and not found near the brain surface.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Cardiovascular disorders with respiratory distress in childhood].

Because of their low prevalence cardiovascular abnormalities are an easily overlooked cause of persistent respiratory distress in childhood. A review is presented of the most common cardiovascular disorders that give rise to respiratory distress by compression of the airway at various levels. At tracheal level the double aortic arch and the aberrant right subclavian artery are the most frequent anomalies. Bronchial compression is mostly due to left to right shunting through either a persistent ductus arteriosus or a ventricular septal defect. Compression of the lung parenchyma itself is in most cases caused by dilatation of the left ventricle. Anatomy, symptomatology, diagnosis and therapy of the cardiovascular disorders are described.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1998

Breath-hold MR cholangiography with snapshot techniques: prospective comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

PURPOSE: To compare findings with magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiography with rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) and half-Fourier acquisition with single-shot turbo spin-echo (hereafter, half Fourier RARE) snapshot imaging techniques to those with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heavily T2-weighted thick-section (RARE) and thin-section (half-Fourier RARE) MR cholangiography were performed prospectively, on a 1.5-T imager, in the biliary tree of 61 consecutive patients before ERC. Findings at ERC were considered the standard of reference. The radiologist and endoscopist were blinded to each other's report. On- and off-site MR cholangiographic readings were performed to detect stones (n = 24), biliary dilatation (n = 34), or stenosis (n = 36). RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of MR cholangiography, respectively, calculated on a lesion-by-lesion basis, were 92.3% and 95.8% for cholangiolithiasis, 94.1% and 92.6% for duct dilatation, and 88.8% and 84.0% for stenosis. With snapshot MR cholangiography, on a patient-by-patient basis, differentiation between normal (n = 15) and abnormal (n = 46) results yielded a sensitivity of 92.4%, a specificity of 83.4%, and a positive predictive value of 95.6%. Pitfalls were caused by flow artifacts, compression by vessels, and low contrast between calculi and surrounding parenchyma. CONCLUSION: Snapshot MR cholangiography allowed noninvasive, accurate detection of biliary stones, strictures, and dilatation similar to that with ERC. Discrepancies regarding low-grade dilatation and strictures had no clinical relevance at retrospective review.

Bile Duct Diseases↗

PubMed2005

Prenatal diagnosis and management of mild fetal pyelectasis: implications for neonatal outcome and follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the natural history of pyelectasis from its detection in the second trimester to delivery, its capability to predict renal pathology and whether prenatal development of pelvic dilatation is correlated to its postnatal evolution. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis involving 375 fetuses with a complete urological follow-up. Prenatal ultrasound was correlated with the results of postnatal investigation and frequency of postnatal surgery was established. RESULTS: Two-hundred and eighty cases underwent at least two examinations before birth. 73.1% were male fetuses. 57.4% had a bilateral pyelectasis. Prenatal evolution of pelvic dilatation was the following:18.6% of the cases normalized, in 34.6% of the cases the dilatation reduced but did not disappear, in 30.7% it remained unchanged, while it worsened in 16.4%. One case from the first group, three cases from the second, seven cases from the third and 11 cases from the fourth needed surgical treatment. 1.9, 7.2, 18.6, 23.9% of cases respectively worsened after birth in the four groups (trend: P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal diagnosis of pyelectasis improves the outcome of these children due to a surgical approach that avoids renal damage. There is a good correlation between prenatal evolution and postnatal outcome, although a postnatal follow-up is opportune in those cases that normalized before birth.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[The urinary tract in graft recipients and urologic complications after kidney transplantation].

BACKGROUND: Urological complications after renal transplantation condition reduce graft survival and function. It may be assumed that an important part, in addition to technical factors during removal and implantation of the organ may be played also by factors of the recipient. The authors investigated whether in the development of some urological complications (urinary fistulae and urinary tract dilatation) also pathological changes of the urinary tract of the recipient, kidney diseases leading to renal failure or the development of urinary flow rate during the first days after transplantation of the kidney participate. METHODS AND RESULTS: The authors investigated 77 patients after renal transplantation where during the period from Jan. 1992 till Dec. 1996 a urinary fistula developed (42 cases), dilatation of the urinary tract (32) or both complications (3). The control group was formed by 100 patients without urological complications who did not differ as to demographic data, basic immunosuppressive treatment and who had transplantations during the same period and by the same surgical techniques. The assembled data were evaluated statistically, the two groups being compared by means of t-test, chi 2 test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test resp. The authors investigated factors which might participate in the quality of the recipient urinary tract, in particular the recipient's age. In the group of urologically complicated cases there were significantly (p < 0.05) more patients above 55 years. There were also more males (67.5% vs. 32.5%, p < 0.05). In further factors such as the ratio of BMI ratio or the underlying kidney disease leading to renal failure and the presence of diabetes mellitus the authors did not record significant differences. The residual urinary flow rate, duration of dialysis treatment before transplantation and the number of transplantations did not differ significantly. The authors tried to evaluate the possible influence of urinary flow rate on the development of urological complications after transplantation of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS: The assembled findings support the idea that the development of a urinary fistula or dilatation of the urinary tract were not significantly influenced by changes in the urinary tract of the recipient conditioned by the period of the reduced function, as may be assumed on the basis of the time of dialysis treatment. The development of the investigated urological complications was not significantly influenced by the presence of underlying kidney diseases nor by increased urinary flow rate during the first days after transplantation. The authors did not confirm the risk of re-transplantation. An significant effect on the development of urological complications could be exerted by male sex and age above 55 years.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Is unexplained third trimester intrauterine death of fetuses with gastroschisis caused by umbilical cord compression due to acute extra-abdominal bowel dilatation?

We report on a case of gastroschisis in which sudden dilatation of extra-abdominal bowel at 34+1 weeks was followed by an unusual umbilical flow velocity waveform (diastolic notching). The condition was associated with normal umbilical Doppler indices, brain sparing effect and a non-reactive cardiotocograph (CTG). Findings at postnatal surgery strongly suggested severe cord compression by the herniated dilated bowel. The significance of notching in the umbilical artery waveform is discussed, as is the potential importance of this sign in the prepartum management of fetuses with gastroschisis.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Experimental pulmonary hypertension induced by constriction of the pulmonary arteries resulting in rupture or extraordinary dilatation of the right ventricle after administration of a little amount of Na2EDTA.

Our earlier studies on the hypocalcemic condition have focused on the histological distortion of the organ structure with the removal of the calcium ion from the molecular structure of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPs); resulting in the sol-gel diversion of the matrix. Bivalent cationic materials including calcium are related not only to function but also to structural alteration of the living organism (Yamaguchi et al. 1978, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1991). The ionic shift from the structural phase to the functional phase induced a number of morphological distortions of the various organs. In the present paper, starting our research from a different experimental viewpoint, we decreased the Na2EDTA dose used to prevent the conventional typical tetanic shock which sometimes results in animal death. We expected this decreased dose to induce mild constriction of muscle cells. In our experiment, administration of a small amount of Na2EDTA intraperitoneally provoked animal death after 10 days to two weeks over a two-month period. In the initial phase of 10 days to two weeks, rupture of the right ventricular wall along the septum occurred at an anterior angle with moderate right ventricular dilatation and a remarkably thin ventricular wall. Characteristic of these cases was elastosis between the medial smooth muscle cells of the main pulmonary arteries accompanied by a severe degree of constriction. On the other hand, demonstrated in the delayed cases of between more than two weeks to two months there was severe dilatation of the right ventricular lumina with paper-like thinness of the wall. In these cases, the main pulmonary arteries showed rather slight constriction with scarce elastosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis or "oriental cholangiohepatitis' in occidentals: case reports of four patients.

The first description of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis occurring in four occidentals is presented. While recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is a common syndrome of uncertain aetiology among orientals (also known as oriental cholangiohepatitis), it has not previously been described in occidentals. Four such patients are described. They presented with recurrent attacks of ascending cholangitis and associated hepatolithiasis, biliary stricturing and dilation. Focal hepatic involvement was treated by segmental liver resection and recurrent disease by interventional endoscopy or radiology.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic CT in pancreatic lymphoma.

We retrospectively reviewed the dynamic CT examinations of eight patients with pancreatic lymphoma. Four tumors were rounded masses with well-defined contours, four were more infiltrating lesions. The median cross-sectional diameter of the tumors was 6 cm (range 2.5-12 cm). At dynamic CT, the tumors were hypodense (n = 8) and somewhat heterogeneous (n = 6). Additional features were enlarged lymph nodes, 1-3 cm in diameter (n = 5), dilatation of the biliary tract and pancreatic duct (n = 5), abnormalities in the fat around the celiac trunk and/or the superior mesenteric artery (n = 4), and venous stenosis or occlusion (n = 7). The CT findings of pancreatic lymphoma are more various than has been previously reported. Findings such as small tumor size, well-defined contours, tumor heterogeneity, pancreatic duct dilatation, and venous invasion may be seen. Pancreatic lymphoma cannot be reliably distinguished from pancreatic carcinoma by CT findings alone.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1983

[Paroxysmal hemicrania. Post-stenotic dilatation of the subclavian artery].

A 50 year-old women presented with a history of increasingly frequent bouts of cervicofacial pain over the last 18 months, and a pulsatile tumor in the supraclavicular region. Angiography showed a stenosis of the left subclavian artery with post-stenotic dilatation related to a cervical rib. No further pain was experienced after removal of the rib. The probable rate of the autonomic nervous system in the physiopathology of this painful syndrome is discussed.

Angiography↗

PubMed1980

Compensated obstruction of the renal pelvis.

Three children with equivocal pelviureteric junction obstruction are described. The renal pelves were only slightly dilated and emptied well with posture change or diuresis, but there was disproportionate dilatation of the calices. On direct puncture perfusion of the pelvis there were repeated high pressure contractions which resulted in emptying, but basal pressure remained normal. This condition appears to be analogous to the partially obstructed but compensated bladder.

Child↗

PubMed2004