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[Generalized diverticulosis of the digestive system].
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[Regulatory peptides of the digestive system. Development of findings and new aspects].
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[Opioids and the digestive system].
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Histochemical mapping of alkaline phosphatase in the digestive system of a few teleost fishes.
The alkaline phosphatase activity is mapped in all the parts of the digestive system of Colisa fasciatus, Macrognathus aculeatus, Notopterus notopterus and Nandus nandus. In the posterior region of the alimentary canal of all the 4 fishes the activity is poorer as compared to other parts. In Colisa fasciatus and Macrognathus aculeatus, the activity at the distal end of pyloric caeca is poorer as compared to the proximal part. In Notopterus notopterus and Nandus nandus however, it is practically of the same intensity at both the parts. Mucosal and submucosal layers have been found to have intense alkaline phosphatase activity as compared to muscularis and serosal layers. Except Nandus nandus, gastric glands of all the remaining fishes show partial activity of this enzyme. However, gastric epithelium of all the four fishes shows good activity. Hepatic cells are rich in alkaline phosphatase activity. The cytoplasm of the hepatic cells and pancreatic acinar cells have intense reaction. Presence of alkaline phosphatase is in relation with the secretory and absorption activity of tissue or cells.
Tissue response of the biliary and digestive system of rabbits after MTBE infusion into the gallbladder.
We evaluated the tissue response of the biliary and digestive system after Methyl-tert-Butyl-Ether (MTBE) gallbladder infusion in 32 rabbits. After laparotomy, MTBE (5-11 ml) was infused into the gallbladder for eight hours. Animals were sacrificed after eight hours or after two months. Control animals received saline solution infusion into the gallbladder. Afterwards the gallbladder, the common bile duct, the liver, the pancreas and the duodenum were examined histologically. All animals receiving MTBE had different degrees of gallbladder necrosis, common bile duct necrosis and necrosis of intrahepatic bile ducts. After two months, scar formation and a hyperplastic cholecystitis were observed. Control animals did not have comparable tissue reactions; only small areas of necrosis in the gallbladder and the common bile duct occurred after eight hours. The gallbladder, common bile duct and liver remained unchanged in those animals which survived two months. Although the results of this animal study cannot be directly transferred to humans, the data suggest that MTBE should be used in gallstone therapy with caution, and that if it is used, a well-controlled follow-up of these patients is necessary.
The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human digestive system and associated structures during the embryonic period proper.
A documented scheme of the early development of the human digestive system is presented. It is based on (1) reports of workers who personally studied staged embryos, and (2) personal observations and confirmations. The necessity of studying staged embryos in order to determine the precise sequence of developmental events is stressed.
[The diagnostic potentials of lingual diagnosis in digestive system pathology].
The authors report on lingvodiagnosis-a new simple method of diagnosis in various pathologies of the digestive system. The proposed method can, the authors believe, come into widespread use as an important diagnostic aid in a comprehensive evaluation of patients. A possibility is discussed of linvodiagnosis being useful in practical medicine.
Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing P450 in artificial digestive systems: a model for biodetoxication in the human digestive environment.
The use of genetically engineered microorganisms such as bacteria or yeasts as live vehicles to carry out bioconversion directly in the digestive environment is an important challenge for the development of innovative biodrugs. A system that mimics the human gastrointestinal tract was combined with a computer simulation to evaluate the survival rate and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase activity of a recombinant model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the plant P450 73A1. The yeasts showed a high level of resistance to gastric and small intestinal secretions (survival rate after 4 h of digestion, 95.6% +/- 10.1% [n = 4]) but were more sensitive to the colonic conditions (survival rate after 4 h of incubation, 35.9% +/- 2.7% [n = 3]). For the first time, the ability of recombinant S. cerevisiae to carry out a bioconversion reaction has been demonstrated throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In the gastric-small intestinal system, 41.0% +/- 5.8% (n = 3) of the ingested trans-cinnamic acid was converted into p-coumaric acid after 4 h of digestion, as well as 8.9% +/- 1.6% (n = 3) in the stomach, 13.8% +/- 3.3% (n = 3) in the duodenum, 11.8% +/- 3.4% (n = 3) in the jejunum, and 6.5% +/- 1.0% (n = 3) in the ileum. In the large intestinal system, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase activity was detected but was too weak to be quantified. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae may afford a useful host for the development of biodrugs and may provide an innovative system for the prevention or treatment of diseases that escape classical drug action. In particular, yeasts may provide a suitable vector for biodetoxication in the digestive environment.
Digestive system complications in AIDS patients.
We studied 202 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and found only 43 patients with digestive system complications. The current study supports the view that the workup of AIDS patients with gastrointestinal complaints should be limited.
Functional morphology of the digestive system of the nudibranch mollusc Acanthodoris pilosa.
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Microvasculature as studied by the microvascular corrosion casting/scanning electron microscope method. I. Endocrine and digestive system.
This paper reviews firstly the microvascular corrosion casting/scanning electron microscope method and secondly the microvascular organization of endocrine and digestive system as revealed by this technique. Detailed descriptions of the microvascular arrangement of the hypophysis, pineal body, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, salivary gland, liver, stomach and small intestine are given. Various hypotheses are also proposed regarding the physiological significance of the microcirculatory patterns observed.
Comparative effectiveness of the tumour diagnostics, CA 19-9, CA 125 and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with diseases of the digestive system.
Serum concentrations of CA 19-9, CA 125 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 145 patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas and 89 with non-neoplastic diseases were determined to compare the clinical usefulness of these tumour markers. Significantly fewer positive cases were obtained with serum CA 19-9 (9%) and CA 125 (8%) tests than the CEA test (22%) (both p less than 0.05) in patients with benign diseases, while comparable sensitivities were achieved with the CA 19-9 (44%) test, the CA 125 (41%) test and the CEA test (47%) in those with a carcinoma. High incidences of raised concentrations of serum CA 19-9 and CA 125 were observed in case of cancer of the pancreas (CA 19-9: 87%, CA 125: 67%) and biliary tract (CA 19-9: 63%, CA 125: 48%). Combined tests of CA 19-9 and CA 125 revealed increments in the sensitivity (61%) and provided a higher specificity (87%) than that of the single CEA test (78%). These combined tests were most useful for a differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma (97% positive) and biliary tract carcinoma (74%) from chronic pancreatitis (4%) and cholelithiasis (0%), respectively. Studies on the relations of clinical staging and serum concentrations of CA 19-9 and CA 125 revealed significant rises in cases of disseminated carcinoma. These results clearly show that serum CA 19-9 and CA 125 tests are most pertinent for diagnosing advanced carcinomas of organs in the digestive system.
A novel fed-batch digestion system for biomethanation of plant biomasses.
Plant biomasses, which in the absence of adequate pretreatment pose serious operational problems in biogas production using conventional domestic flow-through digesters, can be successfully digested in a novel fedbatch digestion system that produces a steady rate of biogas. Basically, the system is a batch digestion operated with a regular input of a calculated amount of feed based on first order decay kinetics in order to maintain a regular biogas production rate. For nearly three years the system was tested in a laboratory-scale fed-batch digester (10 l) using dried water hyacinth as feed providing the desired biogas production rate. A field-scale domestic digester of masonry construction with a working volume of 10 m3 was designed and tested for about 9 months by feeding a mixture of dried water hyacinth or banana stem along with sugarcane press mud, yielding an average biogas production of 90-100% of the expected rate calculated on the basis of the feed rate.
Disorders of the digestive system in the elderly.
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[Diseases of the digestive system and related glands following peripheral sympathetic lesions].
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[Peptides of digestive system and brain. Model of the cholecystokinin].
The systemic administration of exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK), (a peptide released into the circulation when nutrients arrive in small intestine) provokes inhibition of food intake in numerous animal species and a sensation of satiation in humans. The mechanism involved requires participation of vagal afferent neurons to transmit information, possibly on gastric distension, to brain stem. Two crucial questions remain unanswered: does peripheral endogenous cholecystokinin transport information necessary for satiation at end of normal meals and if so, how and when is this message coded and deciphered; other studies have demonstrated that very small doses of exogenous cholecystokinin (too low to induce satiation if administrated peripherally) will induce satiety if injected into cerebral ventricles or directly into cerebral parenchyma. This suggest but does not prove that cerebral endogenous CCK also plays a role in satiety. It is not known how the satiating action of centrally-administered CCK is related to that of peripherally-administered CCK. Current studies aim at establishing a coherent schema of neuro-endocrine mechanisms implicated (from the gastrointestinal wall via the brain to a motivated behaviour) in the fact that food taken during a meal induces the end of the latter.
[Prostaglandins and the digestive system organs].
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