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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Medicine at the crossroads].

This article is based in the book by Dr M Konner "Medicine at the crossroads". Medicine must be analyzed in three levels: the structure of the global society and its relationship to the population's health; the institutions dedicated to health protection and promotion; and health related professions. The commented book is specifically focused on medical profession. The main problems of the profession and its role in society are analyzed. The excessively hierarchical and technological, and thus dehumanized, relationship between physicians and patients. The high volume of surgical procedures and the exaggerated dependence on medications. The lack of preoccupation for mental disorders, the artificial prolongation of life and several other problems. The problems that arise when medical profession is inserted in market economy are analyzed, based on Chilean experience. That debilitates its trusteeship virtue, that is the basis of its social and political status. The contradictions that are generated by this new tendency of the profession and the strategies to face them are depicted.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1976

Problems and concerns among medical students--1975.

Students at the University of Colorado School of Medicine were surveyed using an inventory of problems and conerns relating to their personal and academic lives. Results were to provide a data base for improvement of their educational environment via the ecosystem design process. The survey revealed that chief among student conerns are a lack of personal freedom, excessive academic pressures, and feelings of dehumanization. A marked trend toward increasing difficulty with thoughts of having chosen the wrong profession is noted over the four class levels. The authors offer several hypotheses relating to the underlying conditions responsible for these findings and discuss their possible relation to the current malpractice insurance crisis.

Colorado↗
PubMed1998

Race-related stress among Asian American veterans: a model to enhance diagnosis and treatment.

This article addresses theoretical principles and clinical descriptions of the phenomenon of race-related stress and trauma experienced by Asian American Vietnam veterans. A conceptual model of race-based stress is presented, comprised of five principles, by which to understand mental health difficulties that can arise in regard to race-based stressors. The model describes (a) the relationship between life threat and physical similarity to the "enemy," (b) the relationship between fear and prejudice, (c) dehumanization as it impacts race hate and combat indoctrination, (d) additive life threat related to exploitation of one's physical similarity to the "enemy," and (e) race-based remorse. The article delineates factors affecting treatment seeking and disclosure of race-based stresses, guidelines for interviewing veterans about race-related events and ethnic self-worth, and the harmful effects of race hate.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1998

Ethical considerations in contemporary medicine.

Numerous benefits brought along by the impressive technological progress of the contemporary world are also accompanied by potential hazards of dehumanization of life. As neither medicine has been skipped over by the technological progress, there is a risk for the physician to become dependent on it rather than master it. Therefore, there is the risk of deprivation of medical ethics norms, ever more frequently transforming the patient's position of the subject of medical activities into the position of an object. This pending risk is especially present in surgery, a medical discipline characterized by the highest technological and technical differentiation. If the surgeon is to preserve high ethical standards in his work, he should strictly follow the basic medical ethics norm, that proclaim full respect of the patient's will, forbid doing harm to the patient, and point to equity and compassion on providing medical aid. These ethical norms should be respected not only on performing surgical procedures, but also on making indications for the procedure. The future development of medicine and surgery, with a substantial impact of new, technical and technological advances, will open new, presently unknown ethical issues. All this will require through sociophilosophical and humane-ethical considerations in order to preserve the basic medical ethics norms warranting humaneness and ethics of medicine.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1994

Ethical issues related to prenatal genetic testing. The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, American Medical Association.

This report examines ethical issues related to prenatal genetic testing, including the physician's role in promoting informed reproductive decisions and physician involvement in genetic selection and manipulation. In general, it would be ethically permissible to participate in genetic selection (abortion or embryo discard) or genetic manipulation to prevent, cure, or treat genetic disease. It would not be ethical to engage in selection on the basis of benign characteristics. Genetic manipulation of benign traits, though generally unacceptable, may be permissible under exceptional circumstances. At a minimum, three criteria would have to be satisfied: there would have to be a clear and meaningful benefit to the child, there could be no trade-off with other characteristics or traits, and all citizens would have to have equal access to the genetic technology, irrespective of income or other socioeconomic characteristics.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1996

Marketing human organs: the autonomy paradox.

The severe shortage of organs for transplantation and the continual reluctance of the public to voluntarily donate has prompted consideration of alternative strategies for organ procurement. This paper explores the development of market approaches for procuring human organs for transplantation and considers the social and moral implications of organ donation as both a "gift of life" and a "commodity exchange." The problematic and paradoxical articulation of individual autonomy in relation to property rights and marketing human body parts is addressed. We argue that beliefs about proprietorship over human body parts and the capacity to provide consent for organ donation are culturally constructed. We contend that the political and economic framework of biomedicine, in western and non-western nations, influences access to transplantation technology and shapes the form and development of specific market approaches. Finally, we suggest that marketing approaches for organ procurement are and will be negotiated within cultural parameters constrained by several factors: beliefs about the physical body and personhood, religious traditions, economic conditions, and the availability of technological resources.

Altruism↗
PubMed1990

The costs of commercial medicine.

The purpose of this paper is to review the rising influence of commercialism in American medicine and to examine some of the consequences of this trend. Increased competition subverts physician collegiality, draws hospitals into for-profit ownership and behavior, and leads clinical investigators into secrecy and possibly into bias and abuse. Medicine faces a deprofessionalization evidence in loss of control over the clinical setting and over self-regulation. Health care becomes a commodity relying on cultivation of desires instead of satisfaction of needs, even as many basic needs go unmet. Patients become consumers empowered with lawsuits and the connection of medicine to the relief of suffering is attenuated. Medical encounters are increasingly impersonal, dominated by specialization, technology, and bureaucracy. Patients are losing their physician-advocates to new conflicts of interests, physicians are losing their impulse to charity, and trust in the doctor-patient relationship and in medicine generally is eroding.

Commerce↗