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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Romance with the automobile in the 20th century: implications for adolescents in a new millennium.

Nearly three-fourths of deaths among American adolescents and young adults result from only four causes: motor vehicle accidents, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Thirty percent of those deaths result from motor vehicle accidents, the number one cause of death among adolescents. A number of factors that influence the morbidity and mortality are associated with driving. Compared to other countries, it is easier for American adolescent to obtain a relatively inexpensive license and gain access to a car. For the young driver, adolescent development and increased risk taking, inexperience, dangerous driving behavior, and alcohol-related factors are of special significance. In this article, we review recent crash statistics as well as effectiveness of various preventive measures, including driver education, graduated licensing, alcohol-related measures, and vehicle-related factors. Graduated licensing and alcohol-related measures have been the most effective measures so far.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Characteristics of students who bring weapons to school.

PURPOSE: This study explores the relationships between social, demographic, and behavioral characteristics and self-reported carrying of a weapon to school among middle school students. The results provide a statistical profile of youth most likely to bring weapons to school and help to identify characteristics that are only spuriously related to this behavior. METHODS: Study respondents were part of an ongoing randomized evaluation of a school-based drug use prevention program in Illinois. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 1,503 seventh and eighth graders in the spring of 1992. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of respondents brought some type of weapon to school in the past month. In a multivariate logistic regression model, being male, not living with both parents, not feeling close to parents, drinking heavily, participating in fights, damaging school property, and perceiving that at least a few other students brought weapons to school, were significantly associated with weapon carrying. Victimization and fear for safety in school were not significantly associated with weapon carrying in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that both the structure and the dynamics of the family play an important role in weapon carrying behavior. Weapon carrying also appears to cluster with other deviant behaviors. Furthermore, the findings suggest that weapons are not brought to school because of a heightened need for protection, but rather may be in response to normative influences in school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Determinants of family treatment choice and satisfaction in psychiatric emergencies.

The experiences of 60 families in psychiatric emergencies involving a mentally ill relative are studied. Results indicate that family choices of more restrictive treatment are influenced by patient treatment histories, and that family dissatisfaction with service response is best predicted by patient symptomatology and resistance, and by family attitudes toward treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

New developments in the management of violent children and adolescents.

Paediatricians are often asked to see children and adolescents with behavioural disorders which include an element of violence directed at peers, family members or teachers. Inevitably this group of children poses a considerable management challenge, irrespective of the multiple aetiological contributions to the behaviours. This paper renews some of the evidence for a neurophysiological contribution to violent behaviour, provides a rationale for pharmacological treatment, and outlines a suggested management plan based on extensive clinical experience. The results of this regimen have been highly successful. This regimen is inexpensive, successful and empowers both patients and family through the development of positive interpersonal interactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Behavioral problems and tobacco use among adolescents in Chile.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between behavioral problems and tobacco smoking among adolescent students in Chile. METHODS: Data were drawn from a study that included questionnaire surveys of 46 907 school-attending adolescents in all 13 of the administrative regions of Chile. Assessments were based on an adapted, Spanish-language version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory. The conditional form of the logistic regression model was used for analysis, with matching of students on individual schools, and with further statistical adjustments for sex, age, and selected risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco smoking among the adolescents was very high across all of Chile, with a level between 56% and 65% in each of the 13 regions. The estimated odds of tobacco use in youths at the highest level of behavioral problems was about twice that for youths at the lowest levels, both before and after controlling for sex, age, lack of participation in recreational activities, level of irritability, and levels of problems with school, family attention, and mental health. CONCLUSIONS: These findings help to complement and complete the evidence of prior studies on tobacco smoking among adolescents with behavior problems, including recent research on Central American youths. Although the magnitude of observed associations in Chile was not as great as that for the associations found in Central America, both the strength of these associations and their statistical significance were observed throughout Chile. This is the first study in Chile on potentially causal relationships such as these.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of Think First Saskatchewan: a head and spinal cord injury prevention program.

OBJECTIVES: To identify youth behaviour with regards to injury prevention, to assess the awareness of severity and susceptibility to brain and spinal cord injury, and to evaluate the impact of the Think First Saskatchewan school visit program on students' knowledge of brain and spinal cord injury prevention. METHODS: A controlled, pre- and post-test design, self-report questionnaire was administered to 1,257 grade 6 and 7 students. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were used for data analysis. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Saskatchewan youth participate in activities that put them at risk for brain and spinal cord injury. The Think First Saskatchewan school visit program statistically improved self-reported knowledge of the students receiving the Think First message. DISCUSSION: Think First Saskatchewan is a brain and spinal cord injury prevention program that significantly improves youth knowledge pertaining to injury prevention. Further evaluation of the program to include a more delayed survey of retention of knowledge, changes to behaviour, and reduction of brain and spinal cord injury are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pedophile types and treatment perspectives.

Pedophiles constitute a heterogeneous group of sex offenders. Direct physiological assessment of sexual arousal has significantly increased our diagnostic skill and capability of monitoring treatment response. Erectile response studies have indicated that the majority of pedophiles and incest offenders show arousal to other paraphilias and frequently to appropriate adult sexual stimuli. Many sexual offenders deny or minimize their problem during initial interviews, but when confronted with laboratory results indicating deviant sexual arousal, they often acknowledge and elaborate on the paraphilia(s). Complete data and diagnoses are crucial in integrating treatment in the cognitive-behavioral paradigm.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diabetes and road safety].

The purpose of this study is to analyse the driving habits of a group of diabetic individuals, insulin and noninsulin treated, compared with the driving habits of an equivalent group of individuals in good health. Specific attention is given to the evaluation and management of stress related to driving. The analysis relies mainly upon the answers of 307 persons of both sex on a questionnaire regarding their driving habits and concerning twenty more or less risky behaviors. The diabetic subjects were sampled among the patients of an endocrinology clinic, and the pilot group (in good health) was gathered among the patients from the clinic of a general practitioner. The subjects were aged between 25 and 65. All were in possession of a driving licence and had a driving experience of over two years. The results show, on one hand, that the evaluation of stress related to a risky behavior is associated to the taking of risk at the wheel, and on the other hand, that compared with the other subjects in the study the diabetic subjects had a lesser tendency to taking risks in driving. The subjects avoided the behaviors they judged risky. Beside avoiding dangerous road behaviors, the latter brought special attention to food and relaxation needs and they showed a great alertness towards climatic and road conditions. Finally, they are especially careful in preventing and curing hypoglycaemic states.

Adult↗