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This review outlines the dermatoglyphics of congenital abnormalities without chromosomal aberrations. When combined with other clinical features of a particular disease, dermatoglyphics can serve to strengthen a diagnostic impression and may be useful as a screening device to select individuals for additional diagnostic studies.
The present study involves the evaluation of digital dermatoglyphic traits of 2185 unrelated individuals (1152 females and 1033 males) from 17 natural valleys of the four Basque provinces (Vizcaya, Guipúzcoa, Navarra, and Alava) in the Spanish Basque Country. Univariate intervalley and between-sex comparisons were carried out by means of chi-square contingency analysis for pattern types and by means of one-way analysis of variance for ridge counts. Multivariate intervalley comparison was carried out by means of correspondence analysis for pattern types and by principal component analysis for ridge counts. The results of this study are notable for the following findings: (1) in general, all variables are significantly heterogeneous among valley populations; (2) there was a greater differentiation among the valley populations than between sexes in one valley population; (3) affinities among the intervalley populations depend on the variables considered; (4) the valley populations from Vizcaya resemble those from the Pyrenees; (5) based on interprovince comparisons, the Vizcaya and Navarra samples are the closest: (6) in general, the valley samples from Alava are the worst clustered; (7) the universality of dermatoglyphic component structure fits better in males.
Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies were performed in 10 patients affected by Steinert's myotonic dystrophy. No anomalies were found in karyotype and dermatoglyphs in these patients, except for an occasional chromosomal translocation.
Obesity is the main risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and genetic patterns can modulate the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study is to describe the anthropometrics and dermatoglyphics features among OSAS carriers. We collected information on Body Mass Index (BMI), Conicity Index (CI), Body Fat Mass (BFM), somatotype and fingerprints. Thirty-one cases of OSAS were compared to an equal number of controls. Membership to the obese category is based on observed BMI and BFM. The CI distribution among cases shows a strong central obesity component. The endomorph-mesomorph somatotype category predominates among cases showing high adiposity and relative muscle-skeletic development, such as relative linearity of great mass per unit of height. Increased morbidity, as given by more serious indices of apnea, correlates positively with higher mesomorphic predominance in the body composition. Analysis of dermatoglyphic data does not show significant statistical differences between OSAS--patients and controls.
Finger tip and palmar dermatoglyphics of 37 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were compared to 100 female controls; patients and controls were native inhabitants of the Eastern part of Austria. SLE patients had a significantly higher frequency of low endings of line A on both hands, and-on the left hand-significantly more patterns in the fourth and fewer patterns in the third interdigitum. There was no association between these dermatoglyphic features and the HLA antigens (B8 an DRw3), which occurred most frequently in our SLE patients.
OBJECTIVE: To establish plantar and digital dermatoglyphic patterns. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of randomly selected Black Malawian subjects. SETTING: Able-bodied indigenous Black subjects were recruited from secondary schools and the College of Medicine in Blantyre city. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dankmeijer's index (DI) and the pattern intensity (PII) indices were determined and the variability of ridge patterns were counted and classified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral plantar and digital prints of the sole of selected subjects were recorded, studied and classified. RESULTS: Arches were the most predominant ridge pattern found on the digits. Whorls were absent on all digits, a feature which appears to be peculiar to Malawians. Loops were also absent on the small digit but present on the big toe. These were significantly greater in males than females (p < 0.05). The PII was higher in males than females while, DI was higher in females than in males. These indices were significantly different from similar values obtained from previous studies of two ethnic groups in Nigeria (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study has provided the normal dermatoglyphic patterns of Malawian subjects and also highlighted that digital patterns are more specific in differentiating tribes and population groups.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the dermatoglyphic characteristics of indigenous Zimbabwean subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of randomly selected subjects. SETTING: Mufakose, a high-density township in cosmopolitan Harare and Gweru, a midland city in Zimbabwe. MAIN OUTCOME: Dankmeijer (DI) and pattern intensity (PII) indices and the variability of ridge patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral plantar and digital prints of the sole of selected subjects were recorded, studied and classified. RESULTS: Plantar pattern types, showed more loops than arches and more arches than whorls. The loops and arches were commoner on the distal than proximal zones of the sole; features also shown in Malawians. Whorls were absent in zone II and this appears to be peculiar to Zimbabweans. Digital pattern types showed the predominance of arches as was the case with Malawians but loops were the most prominent in the first digit and next in overall prominence to arches. The mean PII was higher in males than females while DI was higher in females than males, which were also the case with Malawian subjects previously studied. However, for both sexes the PII was significantly higher in Zimbabweans than Malawians while DI was significantly lower in Zimbabweans than Malawians (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has elucidated the normal dermatoglyphic characteristics of Zimbabweans, showing features that indicate affinities with Malawians. The digital features, however, could differentiate Zimbabweans better from Malawians, further emphasising the uniqueness of digital ridge patterns in differentiating population groups.
There has been no recent report on the dermatoglyphics of the Malays (normal population as well as patients with Down's syndrome). A study on the frequencies of the dermal patterns (dermatoglyphics) of the digits, palms and hallucal areas was done therefore in 40 Malay patients with Down's syndrome and 200 unrelated normal controls. Only the patients with the standard 21 trisomy karyotype were included in the study. Comparison was made with the published data on studies done in various racial groups. Significant differences of the dermal patterns were found not only between the controls but also among patients of different races.
Dermatoglyphic features of 52 male patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) were compared with those of 200 male controls (control group-CG) and 195 males with schizophrenia (SCH). Quantitative analysis showed statistically significant differences between BPD-CG and between BPD-SCH, mainly regarding the palmar traits, but also the 5th, the 4th and the 1st finger of the right hand as well as the 5th and the 4th finger of the left hand between BPD and SCH patients. The canonical discriminant analysis permitted correct classification with 69.84% probability between the BPD and CG and with 76.11% probability between the BPD and the SCH group. Qualitative finger and palmar traits analysis showed differences between the BPD and SCH groups on the 3rd finger of the left hand, total frequency for all fingers and in the III interdigital space. Significant differences between the BPD and CG were found on the 3rd finger of the left hand. Our results show that the dermatoglyphic features of BPD differ from those of schizophrenia and from those of control subjects. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
A method is described increasing the reliability of twin zygosity diagnosis in cases when the possibility of using a large number of mendelian markers is restricted. The method is based on the determination of generalized index of dermatoglyphic differences between members of twin pair for 18 characteris of finger and palm dermatoglyphics and on principles of multivariate genetic analysis, which is worked out to determine the degree of heritability of multifactorial character and to study the structure of hereditary predisposition to multifactorial diseases. The efficiency of the method with respect to determinating the type of twin zygosity is approximately equivalent to the efficiency of using 5--6 mendelian marker systems.
Dermatoglyphics and creases of three persons (grandmother, mother, son) with brachydactyly (type Drinkwater I) were examined. The finger prints showed only arches and loops of very low quantitative value. On the palm the increased frequency of a high ending of line D, of thenar patterns as well as the general tendency to form an ulnar loop on the hypothenar region were striking. All the three persons had a classical transverse crease (four-finger-crease) on both hands. The relation between dermatoglyphics and transverse crease is discussed from the aspect of the etiology of the four-finger-crease.
Dermatoglyphic traits proved to be closely associated with chronic mechanic bronchitis (CMB). With the most informative traits identified, it is possible to estimate the individual predisposition to this occupational disorder and thereby to increase the efficiency of preliminary and follow-up medical examinations. Comparison with data on dermatoglyphic traits predisposed to various types of pneumoconiosis supported the hypothesis on a single mechanical lung disease or "general dust lung disease".
OBJECTIVE: To establish palmar and digital dermatoglyphic patterns. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of randomly selected black Malawian subjects. SETTING: Chichiri Secondary School and College of Medicine in Blantyre, Malawi. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total finger ridge count (TFRC), atd angle, a-b ridge counts, pattern intensity index (PII) and the variability of ridge patterns were determined. RESULTS: Arches were the most predominant digital pattern in both sexes, followed by radial loops in males and whorls in females. The sex differences between these digital patterns were not statistically significant and palmar patterns did not show sexual dimorphism. Females had significantly higher TFRC than males (p < 0.001) while males showed higher mean PII values than females. Females also had significantly higher atd angle than males while males had significantly higher a-b ridge counts than females (p < 0.001). The TFRC, atd angle and a-b ridges count were significantly higher in Nigerians than Malawians (p < 0.001). The mean PII was also higher in Nigerians than in Malawians. CONCLUSION: For the first time the normal dermatoglyphic patterns of Malawians was established.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the dermatoglyphic features of the Urhobos of southern Nigeria. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of randomly selected Urhobo subjects. SETTING: Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, southern Nigeria. MAIN OUTCOME: Plantar and digital pattern types were determined and Dankmeijer's (DI) and pattern intensity (PII) indices were calculated. RESULTS: Males showed greater pattern types than females except in loops and whorls of the digits, where females showed greater numbers than males. The pattern intensity index was higher in females than in males. What appears characteristic to this group however, was the presence of few whorl distribution in the small toe in female subjects which was absent in male subjects. CONCLUSION: This study thus provide normal dermatoglyphic features for the Urhobos of Southern Nigeria and also highlighted possible distinguishing dermtoglyphic difference between the Ibos and Urhobos of Southern Nigeria.
Dental, clinical, genetic and dermatoglyphic findings of an additional female case with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EVC) are presented and compared with those of the cases cited in the literature. The dermatoglyphics of the case was remarkable.
Dermatoglyphic pattern analysis, one of the genetic methods, was used to determine digitopalmar ridge count in 40 men with ankylosing spondylitis. Twenty-two variables (ridge count on each of the ten fingers, their sum on five and ten fingers, four traits on each palm, i.e. ridge count between a-b, b-c and c-d triradii, and atd angles on the palms as well as their bilateral sum) were determined. The data thus obtained were compared with digitopalmar prints of 200 healthy men who served as a control group. A significant difference from the control group was found for six variables. The atd angle was reduced on both palms and consequentially in the overall sum. Ridge count was decreased between the b-c triradius on the left palm and increased on the third finger tip bilaterally. Accordingly, a polygenic system identical in some loci to the polygenic system predisposing to ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility might be found responsible for the dermatoglyphic pattern development. That means that they could used, and that is the aim of this study, in the evaluation of the relative risk in family members with positive disease history.
Dermatoglyphics of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and Sjögren's syndrome were very different from the striking findings in Hashimoto's thyroiditis established in 1971 (Weninger and coworkers). Hence, it was concluded that the characteristic dermatoglyphic pattern of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is specific for this autoimmune disease, but not the expression of a general genetic predisposition to autoimmunity.
Dermatoglyphic traits have been used to assess population structure and affinities of the 91 Habans (Hutterites) and 162 Non-Haban Slovaks. In addition a comparison has been made with other Slovak population samples. Biological distances between individual populations were assessed by means of the Hiernaux distance coefficient. The results show a clear separation of the Habans from the Non-Habans in the same villages as well as from the other Slovak groups. Dermatoglyphic analysis is regarded as noncompatible with the interpretation of the genetic structure.