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Results for “Consciousness Disorders”

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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[The phenomenon of deja vu in psychopathology and literature].

In this paper we attempted to review the concept of déjà vu. Déjà vu is a common experience in life and it is largely described in psychopathology and in artistic literature. Starting descriptions of writers like Camus, D'Annunzio, Simeon, Bunuel, Schnitzler, Dickens we propose a first phenomenological way of reading of déjà vu experience referring to the different hypotheses in psychopathology: a memory disorder, perception disorder, attentional disorder, considering the phenomenon as a consciousness disorder according to Ey's theories. Secondly we attempted to compare the consciousness disorder hypothesis to a psychoanalytic reading according Freud and Matte Blanco studies.

Art↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitative management of patients with disorders of consciousness: grand rounds.

BACKGROUND: There are no standards of care to guide the selection of rehabilitation assessment and treatment procedures for patients with disorders of consciousness. Recently, consensus-based recommendations for management of patients in the vegetative and minimally conscious states have been developed and disseminated in neurology and neurorehabilitation. This is an important first step toward achieving evidence-based guidelines of care. OBJECTIVE: Using a "Grand Rounds" format, we illustrate the application of consensus-based diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment recommendations in a patient who sustained severe traumatic brain injury with prolonged alteration in consciousness. After discussing the salient features of the case, we summarize the basic tenets of clinical care for this population.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Stroke or transient ischemic attacks with basilar artery stenosis or occlusion: clinical patterns and outcome.

BACKGROUND: Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is associated with a high mortality rate, although cases with spontaneous favorable outcomes have recently been reported, and basilar artery stenosis (BAS) has received little consideration until now. OBJECTIVE: To study the prognostic clinical factors by testing numerous combinations of admission status characteristics of patients with brain ischemia caused by BAO or BAS. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review from the Lausanne Stroke Registry (group 1) of patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack caused by BAS less than 50% or BAO as diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography who were not treated by thrombolysis. Neurologic findings on admission were correlated with outcomes. We compared clinical patterns associated with poor outcomes in group 1 with those in patients with stroke who died from BAO or BAS (confirmed at autopsy) (group 2). RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients were studied. The outcomes of patients with stroke in group 1 (35/43) was poor (severe disability or death) in 54% of cases. A statistical analysis revealed that 4 factors-dysarthria, pupillary disorders, lower cranial nerve involvement, and consciousness disorders on admission-were strongly (P<.001) associated with poor outcomes. The multivariate analysis showed that the outcome was poor in 100% of cases in which consciousness disorders or the combination of the remaining 3 factors were present, whereas in the absence of these factors, a poor outcome was reported in only 11%. In 87% of the 45 patients with stroke in group 2, the same clinical patterns were present on admission. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of BAS greater than 50% or BAO is diverse and certain clinical characteristics seem to predict a lower risk of poor outcome. Their presence may help to decide the most suitable therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Multiple intracranial aneurysms following radiation therapy for pituitary adenoma; a case report].

A report is made here on a rare case in which occurrence of multiple cerebral aneurysm was observed after radiotherapy. The case was that of a female aged 51 who was hospitalized with the chief complaint of consciousness disorder. The patient was discharged from the hospital 1 year before, after undergoing subtotal extirpation of a tumor through the transsphenoidal sinus in a case of pituitary adenoma, and post-operative radiotherapy (topical 50 Gy). Mild hyperlipidemia associated with hypothyroidism was observed by blood biochemical test during the patient's hospitalization, and multiple cerebral infarction was also observed by CT scanning and MR imaging. Therefore, conservative treatments including intensified endocrine-supplementing treatment, centering on thyroid hormone, were attempted. The patient's thyroid gland function and hyperlipidemia improved but the consciousness disorder persisted. Exacerbation of the consciousness disorder occurred suddenly 6 weeks after the patient's hospitalization. Subarachnoid hemorrhage and hydrocephalus were observed by CT scanning. Cerebral angiography detected a saccular aneurysm in the trifurcation of the right middle cerebral artery, 3 fusiform aneurysms in the periphery of the right middle cerebral artery, 2 fusiform aneurysms in the posterior cerebral artery and irregularity of wall width in the central artery including the terminal region of the internal carotid artery. These findings were not observed at the initial hospitalization and were considered to have been formed newly afterwards. Further, these findings were observed unexceptionally in all the radiated fields. The patient died 8 weeks after hospitalization, and no autopsy finding was obtained. From the above, we presumed that radiation vasculopathy caused by the radiation therapy made one year previously, had led to the formation of multiple cerebral aneurysms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed2004

Cognition in dyschiria: Edoardo Bisiach's theory of spatial disorders and consciousness.

An overview of Bisiach's theory of mental representations and consciousness is presented. Neuropsychological observations on space disorders led Bisiach to consider analogical representations (and not only symbolic representations) as truly 'cognitive', insofar as they are necessary for the normal functioning of linguistic processes. Bisiach's approach to the scientific study of consciousness, conceived both as the private aspect of phenomenal experience and as a monitoring process, is also discussed.

Body Image↗
PubMed1988

[Correlation of clinical signs with the outcome of craniocerebral trauma].

Clinical manifestations were correlated with head trauma (HT) outcomes using computer software MEDSTAT-85. Neuro-ophthalmologic signs, motor and vital disorders had maximal prognostic values. Outcome was highly correlated with consciousness disorders phase scaling and patients' state scores (PSS) as well as with coma and consciousness disorders length suggesting that these parameters are of major prognostic importance. A close correlation was found between consciousness states, PSS and HT variants, brain lesion forms, vital and somatic disorders indicating their role as determinants of HT outcome.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The closed head injury syndrome--frequency and character of brain parenchyma lesions].

The aim of this investigation was to determine the frequency and character of the brain parenchyma lesions using CT scan and MR in patients with closed head injury, and afterwards to establish the connection of those changes with clinical parameters (neurological deficit and the degree of consciousness disorder), evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of neuroradiological procedures. The investigation comprised 40 patients with closed head injury. Grade of neurological deficit (Canadian Neurological Scale) and the degree of consciousness disorder (Glasgow Coma Scale) were determined in all patients by the same neurologist. The results revealed significantly higher specificity and sensitivity of brain examination using MR in patients with closed head injury, particularly in the detection of small ischemic and contusion lesions. Likewise, the correlation of positive findings using MR was more significant concerning the grade of neurological deficit and the degree of consciousness disorder compared to the brain examination using CT scan.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Intracerebral hemorrhage survival: French register data.

Cerebral hemorrhages are subject to a heavy short- and long-term case fatality. A study of prognostic factors and of relative survival based on the data of a population registry is of great value to study patients having a hematoma of all ages, irrespective of the method of care. We have listed 183 patients having a cerebral hemorrhage between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 1996 and living in the city of Dijon, France. Eighteen clinical and CT-scanning variables have been studied. We have found four predictive factors of death at one month from cerebral hemorrhages. These are, in decreasing order: the existence of consciousness disorders at the initial clinical examination (OR = 5.80, p < 0.0001); an intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 5.60, p < 0.0001); a hematoma volume over 11 cubic centimeters (OR = 3.53, p = 0.027); lastly, in male patients an age over 70 years (OR = 4.90, p = 0.039). With regard to long-term survival, the existence of consciousness disorders remains the principal predictive factor of case fatality in both crude and relative survival (OR = 5.52, p < 0.0001, in crude survival versus OR = 22.2 in relative survival, p < 0.0001), followed by age over 70 years (OR = 3.71, p < 0.0001 in crude survival and OR = 2.41 in relative survival, p = 0.086). The existence of consciousness disorders at the initial examination following a cerebral hemorrhage would seem to be the principal worst prognostic factor of short- and long-term survival and of relative survival, age and sex having less importance. Moreover, intraventricular hemorrhage and hematoma volume are short-term, pejorative factors. These data, based on a population-based registry, are an important consideration in the acute management of hemorrhagic therapy, and for the design of further therapeutic trials on this severe pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Disorders of consciousness and associated complex behaviors.

Behavioral events during epileptic seizures, while varied, comprise only a portion of the total spectrum of human behavior. Studies using intensive video monitoring have permitted insight into the common and uncommon events in epileptic seizures. Comparison of data from these studies with data from other disorders, notably psychiatric disease, allows a more complete understanding of the nature of these disorders and of the differential diagnosis of each. Disorders in which consciousness is altered are common and heterogeneous; it is now possible to differentiate these various disorders. The information presented here provides a framework for the physician confronted with these diagnostic dilemmas.

Behavior↗