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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Recent Developments in Maternal Nutrition and Their Implications for Practitioners. Proceedings of a conference. New Harmony, Indiana, April 30-May 2, 1993.

Discussions of maternal nutrition commonly have been limited to outcomes directly related to the products of gestation and lactation, eg, the infant's birthweight and general well-being and the quality and quantity of milk produced. However, critical reviews of maternal nutrition increasingly will consider the interrelationships among the physical, behavioral, and social consequences of reproductive events for women. The most distinguishing feature of this Symposium was that speakers frequently included outcomes more directly relevant to maternal health. Investigators are devoting increasing attention to understanding how biological, social, and behavioral development in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood affects reproductive and other functional capacities in later life stages and consecutive reproductive cycles. Individual presentations reviewed the status of our knowledge, illustrated the significant progress being made in our understanding of nutritional needs for optimal maternal well-being, and provided future directions for research and health promotion and delivery.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Functional foods and health promotion.

Statements about the ability of selected foods to reduce the risk of diseases and to enhance the quality of life continue to captivate, and at times polarize, opinions. Interests in these "functional" foods and their active components are being propelled by increasing health care cost, recent legislative events and mounting scientific evidence. Increasingly, scientists are being asked to clarify the precise role that foods have in maintaining and promoting health. Accepting this movement as an opportunity to "optimize nutrition" rather than as a way in which to endorse good or bad foods or as a marketing gimmick will surely make it more acceptable to many scientists. However, the response to functional foods depends on several factors, including genetics, physiologic state and the composition of the entire diet. Although evaluation of the benefits or risks of foods normally does not entail the same extensive examination as that required of drugs, this does not negate the need for sound scientific information for making recommendations to the consumer. Identification of sensitive and reliable biomarkers will be key to adequate assessment of the true effect of foods and their components. Inulin and oligofructose are components of the diet that deserve added attention for their potential health benefits. Evidence that oligofructose and inulin alter several biomarkers, including gastrointestinal transit time, experimentally induced neoplasia and colonic microflora, suggests that these nondigestible carbohydrates are naturally occurring dietary constituents that may improve the quality of life and increase disease resistance in both humans and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Interventions for micronutrient deficiency control in developing countries: past, present and future.

There has been an evolution in our understanding of the causes of undernutrition and of the nutrition intervention programs that should be prioritized. This article discusses why nutrition programs have shifted their primary emphasis from control of protein deficiency, to energy deficiency, and now to micronutrient deficiencies. It has become recognized by the nutrition community that micronutrient malnutrition is very widespread, and is probably the main nutritional problem in the world. The most commonly used strategies for micronutrient deficiency control are supplementation and fortification, because they are cost-effective and to some extent, relatively easy to deliver. They have important limitations, however. Relatively little emphasis has been placed on food-based approaches to control micronutrient malnutrition. Evidence from several past studies, including the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (N-CRSP), indicated a strong positive association between animal source food (ASF) intake, micronutrient status, and many human functions. This association motivated the intervention studies supported by the Global Livestock CRSP and described in this supplement, which found benefits of increasing ASF intake. In contrast to the common assumption that increasing consumption of ASF in poor communities is infeasible, and will only cause environmental problems, the articles in this supplement show the potential economic benefits of animal ownership in poor communities, and provide examples of innovative programs that have increased local production and consumption. Much more communication is needed among the nutrition, agriculture and development communities to achieve improved dietary quality for poor populations.

Animals↗