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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Eye discomfort and work with visual display terminals.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between eye discomfort symptoms and work with visual display terminals among routine office workers. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-seven office workers and their work stations were investigated by means of questionnaires and worksite investigations. The data were subjected to multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The occurrence of eye discomfort increased as the extent of VDT work increased, as did the specific symptoms of sensitivity to light and smarting, gritting feeling, or redness. The use of spectacles during visual display terminal work, age, stomach stress reaction, distances between the eye and different visual task objects, as well as the vertical position of the terminal also influenced certain symptoms. Having (i) the terminal at about eye level during prolonged terminal work, (ii) using monofocal glasses during terminal work in situations with large distance variations to visual task objects, or (iii) being elderly with prolonged terminal work and reporting stomach stress all led to increased odds ratios for certain eye discomfort symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a visual display terminal in routine office work is associated with an increased occurrence of certain eye discomfort symptoms. This association is affected also by the presence of certain other individual and ergonomic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Serial electrocardiograms in hypertensive cardiovascular disease.

A graphic method for depicting serial changes in electrocardiograms is described and demonstrated for patients being treated in an antihypertension clinic. For these patients, the diagnostic categories, normal, left ventricular hypertrophy, and biventricular hypertrophy, are of primary interest. For each electrocardiogram, 14 measurements are used to compute posterior probabilities for each of the three categories. A triangular grid is used to plot each set of probabilities for an electrocardiogram as one point, which by its position in the triangle can be related to the three categories simultaneously. Points representing successive electrocardiograms can be plotted in the same triangle, giving a pattern of change with time. This pattern of change has been corroborated with associated clinical information on a number of patients. This display, which can be produced quickly and efficiently on a computer graphics terminal, should be considered as a possible tool in evaluating the status of individual hypertensive patients in terms of increase or decrease of ventricular hypertrophy and the efficacy of therapeutic measures.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Results of computer-assisted stereotactic laser resection of deep-seated intracranial lesions.

A computer-assisted stereotactic system has been developed for the precise resection of deep-seated intracranial neoplasms. After the tumor volume is reconstructed from computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging data, a computer-monitored, stereotactically directed carbon dioxide laser is used to vaporize the intracranial tumor. A computer graphics terminal is used to monitor the position of the laser in relationship to the planar slices through the tumor, which are reformatted orthogonally to the surgical plane of view. This procedure produced satisfactory postoperative neurologic results in 36 of the 41 patients who underwent treatment. The system provides precise surgical control in three-dimensional space for the safe resection of substantial amounts (as assessed by postoperative computed tomography) of intra-axial neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Topographic EEG study of visual display terminal (VDT) performance with special reference to frontal midline theta waves.

Operators of visual display terminals (VDT) often complain of physical, as well as psychological stress. Under certain circumstances, increased psychological stress among VDT operators is seen to create serious problems in their occupations, yet few studies have dealt directly with this problem. It is not clear how this should be measured and evaluated. We report the results of experiments where psychological stress was induced during VDT tasks such as visual search and computer mouse operations. The relationship between spatio-temporal analysis of EEG activity and productivity of VDT work was investigated. The subjects were divided into three age groups: young adults (18-22 years old), middle-aged (38-42 years old) and the elderly (58 years and over). Characteristic EEG changes occurred during VDT tasks. These consisted of frontal midline theta waves with maximum amplitude at Fz. Statistically significant relationships were found between duration of working, EEG electrode location on the head, as well as correlations between work speed and variation of theta waves. It was concluded that some factors relating to the severity of a mental task and the distribution of cortical EEG potentials are closely related. When long lasting theta waves appear in the EEG, a rest period should be considered, before the subjects complain of fatigue. An effective method to optimally determine the duration of work and rest periods can be designed using the EEG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Video display terminals: potential health effects of office automation.

The use of video display terminals (VDTs) has increased dramatically in the past 10 years and is projected to increase. Particular concerns related to the use of VDTs include vision, radiation, reproduction, dermatitis, stress and ergonomics. This article summarizes the current literature related to possible effects of VDT use and health.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1994

Constructing a dental electronic information resource (DEIR).

This paper discusses the construction of a dental electronic information resource (DEIR). Development is based on the Internet gopher client/server model. Information is organized in a series of hierarchical menus. A DEIR can be browsed by traversing the menu hierarchy or by performing keyword searches. Searches can result in a menu of found items from across the Internet. Initially, contents of the DEIR will be text files. Electronic copy will be given to an editorial board that will review submissions for conformity to publication standards. A current estimate for electronic storage costs of a DEIR is $1.25/Mb per year. There will be additional costs associated with any purchases of data (e.g. Current Contents), production of data (e.g. development time), and editorial and managerial activities. The DEIR will be accessible from any computer or terminal that can connect to the Internet. Primary user groups will be faculty, staff, and students of dental schools. However, access to the DEIR will be free, and an extensive user community will be encouraged, including practicing dentists, dental associations, public health agencies, and dental insurance companies.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

Musculoskeletal disorders in operators of visual display terminals.

Musculoskeletal disorders of the hands and arms are common among operators of visual display units. They are usually associated with poorly designed workplaces and with psychological factors. With a view to preventive action a multidisciplinary approach is needed in order to arrive at improved methods for identifying and evaluating health problems related to the use of visual display units.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1994

ISDN application for image transmission.

Image transmission using ISDN is not yet popular in Japan, but the number of ISDN terminals is rapidly increasing since 1991. We have two systems for image transmission using ISDN. One system uses an image workstation of the mini PACS. With this system, an image can be directly input from CT or MR to the workstation, and transmitted without errors. This system is very expensive. The format of images is the original one, and the data can be transmitted between workstations. The other system is the ISDN videophone. Images are input to the videophone through a CCD camera. The quality of the image is not high. However, this system is cheap and easy to use. In the near future, the videophone will be widely distributed, and will be used also for the transmission of medical images.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1992

Psychological and ergonomic aspects of work with video display terminals.

Forty-nine operators of video display terminals were administered a questionnaire on subjective complaints in connection with work conditions. Measurements of non-ionizing and ionizing radiation emissions during normal operation of video display terminals showed them to be within permissible levels. A detailed ergonomic analysis of equipment and workstations was also performed. Results showed a high occurrence of subjective complaints, significant differences between age subgroups in a few variables, and significant correlation between sets of variables of some perceived ergonomic features and subjective complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The measurement of the characteristics of x-ray radiation generated by video display terminals by using thermoluminescent detectors].

Exposure doses of X-rays generated by video displays were measured by means of highly sensitive TLD-500K type detector based on thermoluminophore Al2O3 and DTG-4 type detector based on thermoluminophore LiF. Individual human doses and doses accumulated on the display's surface can be measured. Trials showed efficiency of the method to evaluate the efficacy of protective screens for reducing the irradiation exposure.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1991

Computer prediction of possible toxic action from chemical structure; the DEREK system.

1. The development of DEREK, a computer-based expert system (derived from the LHASA chemical synthesis design program) for the qualitative prediction of possible toxic action of compounds on the basis of their chemical structure is described. 2. The system is able to perceive chemical sub-structures within molecules and relate these to a rulebase linking the sub-structures with likely types of toxicity. 3. Structures can be drawn in directly at a computer graphics terminal or retrieved automatically from a suitable in-house database. 4. The system is intended to aid the selection of compounds based on toxicological considerations, or separately to indicate specific toxicological properties to be tested for early in the evaluation of a compound, so saving time, money and some laboratory animals and resources.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Protective filters in the prevention of asthenopia at a video display terminal.

In this work 25,064 employees were studied with the aim of investigating whether the video display terminal (VDT) equipped with filters reduces the incidence of asthenopia with reference to weekly time spent at a VDT and duration of work at a VDT. Analysis showed that the filters themselves do not reduce the occurrence of asthenopia consequent to various factors (refractive defects, time spent at a VDT, and monitors' characteristics).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized ordering of ultrasound examinations.

A uniform format for requesting ultrasound examinations was developed in response to the installation of a computerized communication system within the hospital. This format consists of a sequence of eight question-lists (screens), which are presented to the referring physicians on a computer video terminal and from which he selects appropriate information with a light pen. With computerized ordering, it is now possible for the ultrasonographer to be assured of always receiving study indications and relevant patient clinical information while knowing that the referring physician has been advised of study contraindications, scheduling advice, and the proper patient preparation.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1977

Vector cardiographic assessment of implanted cardiac pacemakers.

The design and use of an on-line PDP 11/40 based vector cardiographic pacemaker assessment system is described. The system has been designed for comprehensive, automated testing of either fixed rate or demand implanted cardiac pacemakers. It is accurate and can be operated by a laboratory assistant without special training. Pacemaker parameters extracted are pulse height, width, rate, energy index and the frontal plane vector length and angle at maximum inspiration and during quiet breathing. In addition, a graphical representation of the patient's ECG and the pacemaker pulse is obtained on a computer graphics terminal. Patient data are written to cartridge disk for permanent record following the test. At each subsequent test of the implanted pacemaker, the data on disk are addended with the latest quantitative results. A separate off-line FORTRAN program can interrogate disk files for detailed analysis of patient data and display of parameter trends since implantation.

Computers↗
PubMed1978

Automatisation of chronic toxicities.

Automatisation of collection and processing of chronic toxicity tests are presented in a 'pharmaceutical research center environment'. The data are either analog signals or numerical values transmitted to the computer, from terminals posted in various laboratories. The minicomputer works under time-sharing system which allows many users to access to the programs in the same time. This system controls about 3000 results a day and prints complete reports in less than two days. Rewriting is then avoided thanks to this system, and in such a way, the reports are more reliable.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Spatial adaptation to text on a video display terminal.

We employed vertical sinusoidal test gratings to search for spatial adaptation to lower-case text presented on a standard video display terminal. The parameters of the contrast sensitivity test were selected on the basis of waveform analysis of horizontal spatial luminance profiles of the text. We found that subjects exhibited a small (4-5 dB), but significant, frequency-specific spatial adaptation consistent with the frequency spectrum of the stimulus. The theoretical and practical significance of this finding is discussed.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Work at video display terminals].

The different problems connected with work at video-terminals are thoroughly discussed, and above all the preventive aspects both as to repercussions on the operator's health and as to a better relationship between operator and machine are set out. These aspects require the participation of a variety of specialists concerned with techniques, methods, and ergonomics, as well as norms, also with a view of the future given the ever wider use of computerized systems.

Computer Terminals↗