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PubMedDate not supplied

Computer programming for nucleic acid studies. III. Calculated ultraviolet absorption spectra of protected oligodeoxyribonucleotides.

A computer program called UV. FOR was written in FORTRAN. This program primarily utilizes the digitized UV absorption spectra of 8 protected deoxyribonucleosides in 95% ethanol solution to compose the UV spectrum of a oligodeoxynucleotide of any sequence. Both calculated and observed UV spectra of 2 protected oligodeoxynucleotides are carefully compared. The results show that the calculated UV spectrum is virtually identical to the observed spectrum. Thus, the calculated spectra provide rapid confirmation of oligonucleotide compositions during the course of oligonucleotide synthesis by the phosphotriester method.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Application of a computer program for identifying different genera and species of the Enterobacteriaceae family in clinical bacteriology].

Computer programs were developed for the selection of a minimum set of biochemical tests that allow the identification of the species of Enterobacteriaceae with major clinical significance. The system proposed consists of nine conventional biochemical tests, the results of which are interpreted with the help of a numeric code. This selects the most probable species for each result and, when necessary, additional tests can be performed to confirm the identification proposed. The system (SYS9E) was used in the identification of 66 strains of nosocomial origin. The results were compared with those of commercial systems.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1982

Computer programs to analyze DNA and amino acid sequence data.

Extensive modifications have been incorporated into many of the computer programs written by Staden (1-4) to make them easier to cope with DNA and amino acid sequence data. These programs can be easily used by persons with minimal knowledge of computers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

A computer program for the derivation of non-parametric reference ranges from patients' results.

A computer program to derive the reference range from patients' results is presented. It separately modifies the two halves (separated by the peak) of the frequency distribution curve of patients' results by extending a para-apical portion by linear regression and thus derives the frequency distribution curve representing results unaffected by disease. The reference range is then calculated non-parametrically. The ranges obtained for most of the common chemistries were very close to the ones in use in the laboratory. Advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

A computer program for the design of optimal synthetic oligonucleotide probes for protein coding genes.

A computer program has been written in FORTRAN 77 to locate on a protein sequence a region with optimum length and limited degeneracy in order to design artificial oligonucleotide probes for use in molecular cloning. In addition the program checks for regions of homology between this probe and any other base sequence found in nucleotide sequence data banks. There are options in the program to eliminate rare codons or to make preferential choices of bases in order to minimize the degeneracy of probes.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

A computer program for selection of oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reactions.

We have designed a computer program which rapidly scans nucleic acid sequences to select all possible pairs of oligonucleotides suitable for use as primers to direct efficient DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. This program is based on a set of rules which define in generic terms both the sequence composition of the primers and the amplified region of DNA. These rules (1) enhance primer-to-target sequence hybridization avidity at critical 3'-end extension initiation sites, (2) facilitate attainment of full length extension during the 72 degrees C phase, by minimizing generation of incomplete or nonspecific product and (3) limit primer losses occurring from primer-self or primer-primer homologies. Three examples of primer sets chosen by the program that correctly amplified the target regions starting from RNA are shown. This program should facilitate the rapid selection of effective and specific primers from long gene sequences while providing a flexible choice of various primers to focus study on particular regions of interest.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computer program to support patient assessment and clinical decision-making in nursing education.

This article reports on the development of a computer program for the recording of patient assessments performed by graduate nursing students. This program is part of a larger effort called Computer-Aided Research in Nursing (CARIN) that will also be used for data collection and retrieval. This article describes two phases of the current project. Other nursing diagnosis programs in existence are briefly reviewed, and formulation of the two initial steps of the nursing process, assessment and nursing diagnosis, are described.

Decision Making, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1984

DNAGEL: a computer program for determining DNA fragment sizes using a small computer equipped with a graphics tablet.

The program DNAGEL is used to determine the size of DNA fragments run on agarose or polyacrylamide gels. The positions of the bands are read from gel photographs by means of a digitizer. Standard curves are calculated by the method of Southern (1979). The bands, as they are measured, are reproduced on the screen so that erroneous input can be recognized and corrected immediately. Similarly the estimated fragment sizes are printed in a table in the same relative positions as the bands on the gel. This makes it especially easy to relate fragment sizes with the bands on the gel picture. As an additional function the calculated positions of bands can be displayed on the screen. The program DNAGEL is written in APPLESOFT BASIC, suitable for APPLE II computers with 48K memory connected to a monitor, printer and a HOUSTON graphics tablet.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Computer programs to implement retinal models.

To implement retinal models of some complexity a set of computer programs, coordinated by a main program is required. A set of said programs is presented here which permits the design and the experimentation with linear and non-linear retinal layered models. A main program, called RETINA, is the basis for the building of a model, the generation of the input stimuli and the experimentation with the overall system.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Computer editing of morphometric data on nerve fibers. An improved computer program.

A short guide is given for the planning of nerve fiber morphometry using computer-assisted methods. A new computer program is introduced which allows, among other factors, correction for myelin sheath shrinkage. If myelin shrinkage is not corrected for, there will be false high values for axon caliber and false low values for sheath thickness. The magnitude of the skew produced by this factor is shown on hand from computer editing.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

DSLINK: a computer program for gene-centromere linkage analysis in families with a trisomic offspring.

Trisomic individuals provide information for gene-centromere mapping, since two of the four chromatids in a meiotic tetrad can be recovered. When centromeric markers are available, linkage analysis between the centromere and any marker locus can be performed in nuclear families having one or more trisomic offspring. Since conventional linkage programs consider only disomic individuals, we have written a FORTRAN computer program, DSLINK, that performs gene-centromere linkage analysis on the basis of information on trisomic and disomic offspring. This program makes it possible to study the relationship between recombination and chromosome segregation.

Centromere↗
PubMed1994

A PC-based computer program for quality assessment of INAA results of emission and air particulate samples.

A PC-based computer program for quality assessment (QAS) of results obtained by neutron activation analysis (NAA) is described. Program QAS is designed for the quality assurance system based on a routine use of certified reference materials (CRMs) with similar matrix composition as the samples analyzed together with each sample batch. The results obtained for CRMs samples are then compared with certified (true) values and with the results obtained for particular CRM in previous analysis runs. Five various tests are applied to check the quality of NAA results (for CRM and, consequently, for real samples) obtained for a particular analysis run. Control charts for elemental concentrations found in CRM and ranges of results for duplicate aliquots of CRM are displayed to visualize possible discrepancies. The program accepts files transported from gamma-ray spectrometric system ND 683 (based on a PDP 11 computer), extracts and stores reference material results, and prepares a work spreadsheet for each set of results to avoid typist and other kinds of errors.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1992

[A computer program to retrieve and record ISTAT codes related to pediatric diagnosis].

The paper describes a computer program that retrieves ISTAT codes increasing the efficiency of the retrieving time spent with traditional methods storing the obtained information in a suitable data-base, which may be lately explored by means of commercial programs. To increase the detail of the stored data, many of the official codes have been expanded with an extra character. Some results obtained from an experience conducted at the Pediatric Division of Crema Hospital are also reported.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

The accuracy of a Bayesian computer program for diagnosis and teaching in acute abdominal pain of childhood.

The use of a computer program for diagnosing acute abdominal pain in children using Bayes' theorem is described and the results of a one-year trial are analysed in order to qualify and quantify the accuracy of the system and to suggest some of the educational benefits that might be obtained. A means of feedback to medical students is described which can localise their weaknesses based on their experiences of real patients and could be used by educators to measure the effectiveness of their courses and the major areas of difficulty being encountered by the students. The computer has in this instance achieved a remarkable degree of accuracy in view of several factors acting against it. Such experience is very encouraging for further endeavour in this area.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1981

A computer program for determining Vmax from the uncalibrated left ventricular pressure signal and its first derivative.

A computer program was developed to simplify the conventional method for determining the maximal contractile element shortening velocity at zero load (Vmax) by analysis of pressure-velocity graphs during the isovolumic contraction period. From an uncalibrated left ventricular (LV) pressure signal and its first derivative (dP/dt), the graph relating developed LV pressure (Pd) to the corresponding instantaneous value of (dP/dt)/28 Pd was constructed by the computer. The segment of the graph that encompassed approximately the second half of the isovolumic contraction period, as determined by analysis of the dP/dt waveform, was then extrapolated to provide V'max on the ordinate. This V'max was compared with the conventional Vmax obtained from calibrated LV and aortic pressure signals. In 5 dogs both in the control state and during inotropic (epinephrine, propranolol) and noninotropic interventions (phenylephrine or dextran infusion), a high degree of correlation was found relating V'max and Vmax both derived by either linear (Vmax = 0.91 V'max + 0.14; r = 0.933; P less than 0.001) or exponential (Vmax = 0.99 V'max - 0.06; r = 0.959; P less than 0.001) extrapolation of the pressure-velocity graph to zero load. By use of this program, Vmax can be easily and reliably estimated from the uncalibrated LV pressure signal and its first derivative.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

A computer program for analysis of dental caries data.

This paper describes the basic principles underlying the development of a computer program for the analyses of dental caries data. A data structure is described which is based on a definition of each tooth or tooth surface in the dentition, using a multi-dimensional co-ordinate system. The basic process for the computer to perform is to count the number of locations which fulfill certain predefined criteria. Programs developed according to these principles will yield exactly the output the individual user is asking for, no more and no less.

Computers↗