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A computer system, based on multimedia technology allowing informatic storing of endoscopic pictures, written summary of the case and personal oral commentary by the operating surgeon is presented. This system is time-sparing and does not require special training owing to a highly developed interface between the computer and the operator. The system is currently in clinical practice.
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The first multi-vendor demonstration of digital exchange of cardiac image data was held in conjunction with the annual scientific sessions of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) in March, 1995. This was the culmination of several years of effort by the ACC to help extend the DICOM standard to be suitable for cardiac images exchanged on removeable media. The software was designed to help system implementors with little or no DICOM experience quickly acquire this technology. File content can be specified and manipulated in human-readable form, and converted as needed to its binary equivalent. Images were selected from those submitted from a variety of sources, and a recordable CD (CD-R) created with 30 echocardiograms and 30 angiograms). A prototype display program was created that reads the DICOM directory ("DICOMDIR"), allows user interaction, and decompresses the image files. This paper describes the ACC's interoperability demonstration with 29 vendors, the CD-R of images that was used, and the software used by the participants.
A method of producing a Photo-CD is described, containing edited digitally stored colour slides. It is possible to present approximately 100 digitized pictures with such a CD which are shown on a colour TV screen sorted in individual or didactic programmed order. Using this method text- and visual information which is coordinated with the contents of lessons and examinations can be offered to the students. Furthermore the CD-media is well suited to transmit advanced and special information offers concerning additional as well as deepening studies.
The present study examined the performance of 40 normal-hearing young adults and 38 elderly adults, some normal hearing and some hearing impaired, on the Department of Veterans Affairs' new compact disc (VA-CD) for auditory perceptual assessment. Principal-components factor analyses were performed on the test scores from each group of subjects with very similar results obtained from each group in terms of the number of factors identified (3), the percentage of variance explained by these factors individually and collectively (about 72%), and the association of various test scores with each factor. The 10 tests examined here were found to be associated with three underlying factors identified as a general speech-understanding ability (about 42% of variance), temporal sequencing capacity (about 18% of variance), and processing ability under conditions of dichotic competition (about 12% of variance). Among the elderly, hearing loss was strongly and negatively associated with general speech-recognition ability, whereas age was moderately associated with the other two factors. Test scores for several measures of auditory perceptual processing were negatively affected by the presence of peripheral hearing loss in the elderly even when administered at the highest recommended presentation level (90 dB SPL). In addition, some tests among those examined were found to have inadequate test-retest reliability for clinical use with the elderly.
CD-R will be introduced internationally as a standardized individual archive and exchange medium allowing individual solutions for long-term archiving in a catheterization laboratory. The concept of digital archiving on two CD-R includes a long-term primary basic archive and a secondary one edited by intelligent (medical) data reduction (IDR). The basic archive is automatically composed by a background process consisting of unprocessed images or image series and is fundamental for further transfers, storage, presentations and additional studies. The digital working archive comprises a set of images and image series edited by IDR, as well as the results of morphometric studies as well as identification and documentation data. IDR is based upon the elimination of useless and redundant images series, documentation of coronary interventions on one single representative image and on the reduction of relevant images series and physiological data into an ECG-controlled representative cardiac cycle. IDR edits a redundancy-free set of 130 images (diagnostic study) or only 85 images of an interventional study. Two cardiologists and two cardiosurgeons independently studied 24 IDR-edited angiograms and the corresponding unedited digital angiograms and found no significant differences in the diagnostically relevant coronary morphology and left ventricular function. This study shows that an edited angiogram may not only serve for digital archiving but also form the basis for further evaluation or copies.
The purpose of this study was to establish normative articulation functions for the Hirsh recordings of the CID W-22 word lists and te Rush Hughes recordings of the PB-50 word lists as recorded on the VA compact disc. Twenty-four young adults with normal hearing listened to both sets of materials presented in quiet at 12 levels (0-56 dB HL). Presentation levels on average needed to be 10 dB higher for the PB-50 word lists to obtain word recognition performance scores equal to those for the W-22s. Maximum word recognition scores of 95 to 100 percent were obtained for the W-22s at lower presentation levels (> 40 dB HL), compared to 80 to 90 percent for the PB-50s at the maximum presentation level (56 dB HL). Mean slopes for the W-22 and PB-50 functions were 4.1 percent/dB and 1.9 percent/dB, respectively. Test-retest reliability was judged to be clinically appropriate for both sets of materials. Item analyses revealed a substantially skewed distribution toward easy items for the W-22 word lists compared to a more balanced distribution of item difficulty for the PB-50 lists. List equivalency was also judged to be clinically appropriate for the PB-50 word lists.
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The paper deals with the choice of electron equipment for X-ray diagnostic devices with digital image processing which are intended for population-based mass prophylactic examinations of lung. Guidelines for the optimization of the package of electron devices for processing and storing of data and for obtaining hard copies of X-ray films.
A 17-year-old girl attended a rock concert where promotional compact discs were being thrown into the audience as prizes. She suffered an extensive corneoscleral laceration with vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment when a compact disc struck her in the eye. An alternative, safer method must be used for distributing compact discs as prizes.
OBJECTIVE: Ultraviolet-cured acrylates and their various components and applications are reviewed in this report. METHODS: A 26-year-old woman involved in silk screening computer discs with ultraviolet-cured inks developed an acute allergic contact dermatitis on her hands and forearms. Patch testing revealed a number of strong reactions to epoxy resin and many multifunctional acrylates. RESULTS: The only one listed on the material safety data sheet to which she reacted was tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (TRPGDA). The other positive reactions likely represent cross-reactions. The positive reaction to epoxy is possibly relevant and attributable to nonhardened epoxy resin contaminant in the epoxy prepolymer. CONCLUSION: This case report shows a new application for ultraviolet-cured acrylate based inks in computer hard disc manufacturing.
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Although disk accretion onto compact objects-white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes-is central to much of high-energy astrophysics, the mechanisms that enable this process have remained observationally difficult to determine. Accretion disks must transfer angular momentum in order for matter to travel radially inward onto the compact object. Internal viscosity from magnetic processes and disk winds can both in principle transfer angular momentum, but hitherto we lacked evidence that either occurs. Here we report that an X-ray-absorbing wind discovered in an observation of the stellar-mass black hole binary GRO J1655 - 40 (ref. 6) must be powered by a magnetic process that can also drive accretion through the disk. Detailed spectral analysis and modelling of the wind shows that it can only be powered by pressure generated by magnetic viscosity internal to the disk or magnetocentrifugal forces. This result demonstrates that disk accretion onto black holes is a fundamentally magnetic process.
We have measured the linear dichroism of Mg2+-stabilized and dimethylsuberimidate cross-linked 30-nm chromatin fibers, using electric fields to produce orientation. The limiting dichroism of Mg2+-stabilized fibers at low monovalent ion concentration is -0.09, with indistinguishable results for avian erythrocyte and calf thymus chromatin. Correction of the apparent dichroism signal for an absorbance change that becomes significant at high electric field yields the dichroism of -0.09 and reveals that the fibers reach saturation of their orientation by about 15 kV/cm. Calf thymus chromatin fibers cross-linked at 100 mM NaCl concentration have a dichroism of +0.05, with a dependence of orientation on field similar to that observed for Mg2+-stabilized fibers. Comparative sedimentation studies of Mg2+-stabilized fibers and fibers in 100 mM cross-linking buffer revealed a 25% sedimentation coefficient increase accompanying the dichroism increase from -0.09 to +0.05. We interpret the results to mean that the nucleosomal disk diameters form an angle of about 30 degrees to the chromatin fiber axis in Mg2+-stabilized fibers at low monovalent ion concentration. When 100 mM NaCl is added, the fiber becomes more compact, and the disk diameter angles increase by 8 degrees, to about 38 degrees. Cross-linking itself may also contribute slightly to fiber compaction. The results are consistent with a large longitudinal compressibility of the 30-nm fiber, a feature required for the bendability necessary when the fiber is further coiled to form structures such as chromosomes. Our results indicate that compression is accommodated by small changes in the angular orientation of the nucleosomal disks.
An experimental radiologic reporting system has been developed and tested. The rewritable and compact magneto-optical disk (MOD) is applied to storing medical images with oral diagnostic reports of these radiologic images. The disk is 5.25 inches in diameter, has 600 MB memory capacity, is erasable, light and compact. Advantages are simultaneous recording of radiologic images and their oral reports by radiologists, and application to circulation of media inside the hospital as well as to filing of medical images. The MOD has a multimedia function of communication and filing. When medical images are taken and stored, oral interpretation by radiologists can be simultaneously added. Physicians can get information of the images and their reports by oral speech at the same time in front of computer workstation. Furthermore, integration of a voice recognition capability is now being undertaken.
Stars with masses in the range 1-8 solar masses (M(\circ)) live ordinary lives for approximately 10(9)-10(10) years, but die extraordinary deaths. First, during their death throes as asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars they eject, over 10(4)-10(5) years, half or more of their mass in slowly expanding, spherical winds, and then, in a short (a few 100-1,000 years) and poorly understood phase, they are transformed into aspherical planetary nebula. Recent studies support the idea that high-speed, jet-like flows play a crucial role in this transformation. Evidence for such outflows is indirect, however; this phase is so short that few nearby stars are likely to be caught in the act. Here we report the discovery of a newly launched, high-speed jet-like outflow in the nearby AGB star, V Hydrae. We have detected both proper motions and ongoing evolution in the jet. These results support a model in which the jet is driven by an accretion disk around an unseen, compact companion. We also find a central, dense equatorial disk-like structure which may enable and/or enhance the formation of the accretion disk.