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PubMed2006

Systematic review of the qualitative literature on return to work after injury.

OBJECTIVES: This paper reports on a systematic review of the international qualitative research literature on return to work. This review was undertaken in order to better understand the dimensions, processes, and practices of return to work. Because return to work often includes early return before full recovery while a person is undergoing rehabilitation treatment, physical recovery is embedded in complicated ways with workplace processes and practices and social organization. These process-oriented dimensions of return to work are well described in the qualitative literature. METHODS: This systematic review of the literature covered peer-reviewed papers that focused on musculoskeletal and pain-related injuries and were published in English or French between 1990 and 2003. Findings from papers meeting relevance and quality criteria were synthesized using the meta-ethnographic approach. RESULTS: This review found that return to work extends beyond concerns about managing physical function to the complexities related to beliefs, roles, and perceptions of many players. Good will and trust are overarching conditions that are central to successful return-to-work arrangements. In addition, there are often social and communication barriers to return to work, and intermediary players have the potential to play a key role in facilitating this process. CONCLUSIONS: This paper identifies key mechanisms of workplace practice, process, and environment that can affect the success of return to work. The findings illustrate the contribution that qualitative literature can make to important aspects of implementation in relation to return to work.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

[Deaf persons' communication possibilities in relation to auditory and visual symbols].

This article presents deaf people's possibilities of communication. There is a difference in communication skills between deaf people who were born hearing--and have learned a spoken language before the loss of hearing--and those who were born deaf. The later deafness is acquired, the better the individual's ability to communicate in a hearing society. Deaf people are far more dependent upon visual language symbols than are hearing people.

Communication↗
PubMed1987

[Ultrastructure of the ovaries of guinea pigs immunized with preparations of purified and unpurified antigens of the zona pellucida of xenogenic ova].

The state of the guinea pig ovaries has been studied electron microscopically in 8-15 and 30 days after an active immunization course with purified and non-purified antigens of the ovum zona pellucida has been completed. Both antigens produce early total morphofunctional rearrangements in the ovaries: increasing process of follicular atresia and disturbance of folliculogenesis, accompanied with hyperplasia of the interstitial tissue. The non-purified antigen produces more pronounced changes in the cavitary follicles: disturbances of cellular communications, barrier function of the follicular epithelium becomes weak, its respiratory, plastic and secretory function changes with subsequent distension of the follicle and with an enhanced development of connective tissue in its membranes. Injection of the purified antigen results in progressive atresia of the cavitary follicles and in hyperplasia of the interstitial tissue. Reduction of the corpus luteum is not observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[The handicapped and non-handicapped in a leisure time group].

The "Moegeldorfer Group", an initiative group integrating disabled and non-disabled persons, had been studied using qualitative interviewing techniques. The following motives and effects of group involvement have been found: Predominant among the disabled members had been the recreational opportunities offered by the group, along with the possibility of coming to know people who could help them outside group activities as well. Getting acquainted with disabled persons had been in the foreground among the non-disabled members. Their major problem, apart from rendering assistance, had been to become aware of, and learn to cope with, disability-related communication barriers. The voluntary encounter of disabled and non-disabled people is considered a positive first step towards changing the relationship between disabled and non-disabled persons as it exists in our society.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Ethnically sensitive messengers: an exploration of racial attitudes of health-care workers and organ procurement officers.

This study examined attitudes of organ procurement employees toward black and Hispanic clients. Participants completed the Situational Attitude Scale (SAS). Findings showed that participants favored the person of color over the neutral, race-unspecified person when the person of color was in a subservient role. While the SAS items were not specific to organ donation scenarios, some inferences may be can be made. White organ procurement employees, dealing with white people significant to the donor, may experience little anxiety when placed in the role of service provider. However, when dealing with donors of color, white procurement employees may experience some cognitive dissonance. White employees may be comfortable being served by people of color, but uncomfortable serving people of color. This feeling, coupled with a lack of cross-cultural understanding, may create a communication barrier between procurement and donor communities.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1996

Needs and experiences of family caregivers during marrow transplantation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine the information needs of family members of people undergoing marrow transplantation as well as their actions to meet those needs. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional, qualitative design. SETTING: Marrow transplant units in the Pacific Northwestern United States. SAMPLE: 19 adult family members of people who had undergone marrow transplants. METHODS: Researchers conducted four focus group interviews. Three served as data generation interviews, and the fourth served as the validation interview. A transcriptionist recorded the subjects' responses, which then were analyzed using constant comparative techniques. FINDINGS: Themes emerged from the data in five categories: (a) Preparing for Caregiving (seeking and acquiring health care, obtaining information and materials, and evaluating the validity of information), (b) Managing the Care (providing physical care, protecting, maintaining the patient's connection with life, and advocating), (c) Facing Challenges (personal and interpersonal stress, communication barriers with healthcare professionals, and healthcare system barriers), (d) Developing Supportive Strategies (community resources, personal and self-care resources, and healthcare system facilitators), and (e) Discovering Unanticipated Rewards and Benefits (personal growth and family cohesion). CONCLUSIONS: Family members, as well as patients undergoing marrow transplant, experience a unique set of information needs and demands as a result of this experience. However, these demands can be mitigated by actions that provide appropriate education strategies and foster a sense of caring and a nurturing way of interacting among the family, healthcare professionals, and the healthcare system. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Healthcare professionals need to acknowledge the caregiving role and actively involve and support the family caregiver throughout the transplant experience.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

The development of a screening schedule for use by teachers to describe the communication abilities of children with severe disabilities.

The study developed a screening schedule for teachers to describe the communication abilities of children with severe disabilities. Teachers were trained in the use of such an assessment procedure. Both the schedule as well as the training were evaluated. Results indicated that the schedule can be regarded as adequate for future use as teachers found it easy to use and applicable to their situation. Scoring the schedule requires more practise and training as this is a more advanced skill. Specific issues had an effect on the results, e.g., the teachers' familiarity with the type of disability observed, their qualifications and experience.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Business management and the environment of care standards.

In summary, the entire JCAHO manual is built around the concept of "know thyself." This expectation creates the need to engage in a substantial rework of existing practices to remove communication barriers and to eliminate turf warfare. The focus of the standards is on the patient. All aspects of the patient-care delivery cycle are examined during survey, as are key elements of the business-management activities. The EC standards are a case study of business management. They expect leadership and planning, development of human resources, management of information, and improvement of performance. They expect that all four of these management tools will be exercised by all managers and staff members who have an impact on or are impacted by the seven elements of the EC function. The primary focus is on teamwork among providers and maximizing benefits to patients.

Health Facility Environment↗
PubMed1998

[Problems in expert assessment in child custody cases according to sections 1666, 1666a BGB in the controversy between control and assistance].

The restriction of parental rights includes not only legal but also therapeutic aspects. The therapeutic aspects refer first to the child's disorder and then to its resulting needs. Furthermore a restriction of parental rights could be necessary for therapeutic reasons when the parents' reaction to reality is insufficient, usually caused by parental psychiatric disorders. The expert's counsel should facilitate the communication with disturbed parents thus engendering an improved reality-insight by the parents. Successful helping strategies can thus be made workable. The expert, the judge and the local authority social services should mutually respect specifically defined role-functions. The communication barriers between parents and helpers can only this way be partially resolved. The expert's evidence requires a high professional competence and responsibility and goes over and above the professional contribution from family therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived barriers to Internet-based health communication on human genetics.

The Internet has emerged as potential vehicle for distributing health communication to millions of individuals because it is interactive, user controlled, and offers breadth and depth of information. However, its widespread use by the public may be limited due to three overarching concerns: privacy and confidentiality, information accuracy and perceptions of credibility, including limited credibility of some government-sponsored web sites. To explore the potential of using the Internet, especially for delivering information on human genetics communication, 15 focus groups and one interview were conducted with African American and European American adult males and females in a southeastern town. We found that the participants recognized great potential in the Internet for health communication on human genetics, but they also voiced concerns about the credibility and accuracy of online information, lack of trust in many web sites, and fear of safeguarding privacy. Their concerns are summarized here, along with potential remedies health communicators could implement and should research further. The Internet cannot achieve its full potential for human genetics communication until the public's concerns are addressed and resolved.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Barriers to effective perioperative communication in indigenous Australians: an audit of progress since 1996.

This prospective study was designed to elucidate barriers limiting effective perioperative communication between indigenous Australians and anaesthetists, and to identify strategies for improving communication. A questionnaire was used to collect data on 1040 consecutive patients undergoing anaesthesia at Royal Darwin Hospital between February and March 2003. 27.1% of these patients described themselves as Aboriginal. Aboriginal patients were more likely to undergo emergency surgery and were more likely to be classified as ASA 3, 4 or 5 than non-indigenous patients. Communication difficulties were identified in 28.7% of all Aboriginal patients, which was 31 times higher than those in non-Aboriginal patients. The most common reason identified for this was difficulty in speaking English. Only 17.7% of Aboriginal patients presenting to the operating theatre spoke English as their first language. Unfortunately, the anaesthetic team utilized the Aboriginal interpreter service in only a minority of cases. Communication difficulty in indigenous Australians is pervasive and often goes unrecognized. The results suggest that heath care providers may need staff training in cross-cultural communication and that protocols need to be developed within the health care system so that interpreters are called upon automatically early in the admission process.

Adolescent↗