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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Defining forgiveness: christian clergy and general population perspectives.

The lack of any consensual definition of forgiveness is a serious weakness in the research literature (McCullough, Pargament, & Thoresen, 2000). As forgiveness is at the core of Christianity, this study returns to the Christian source of the concept to explore the meaning of forgiveness for practicing Christian clergy. Comparisons are made with a general population sample and social science definitions of forgiveness to ensure that a shared meaning of forgiveness is articulated. Anglican and Roman Catholic clergy (N = 209) and a general population sample (N = 159) completed a postal questionnaire about forgiveness. There was agreement on the existence of individual differences in forgiveness. Clergy and the general population perceived reconciliation as necessary for forgiveness while there was no consensus within psychology. The clergy suggest that forgiveness is limitless and that repentance is unnecessary, while the general population suggests that there are limits and that repentance is necessary. Psychological definitions do not conceptualize repentance as necessary for forgiveness, and the question of limits has not been addressed, although, within therapy, the implicit assumption is that forgiveness is limitless.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Freedom in responsibility: on the relevance of "sin" as a hermeneutic guiding principle in bioethical decision making.

This essay deals with questions of responsibility concerning technology, in particular, gene technology and the special problem of research on embryos. I raise issues concerning the extent of humans' authority to act and the limits of human freedom. In what way is that freedom given, and what kind of responsibility results from it? By discussing various concepts of human freedom in the tradition of European philosophy, as juxtaposed to the Protestant understanding of freedom, this essay discusses the restricting limits, and the obligation to take responsibility. It will turn out that the question concerning freedom cannot be answered without understanding what being human involves. From a Christian perspective, this implies that the foundational relationship between human freedom and sin will be central to an assessment of the human ability to take responsibility. By obliterating the limits of human freedom, sin jeopardizes the very essence of that freedom. The project of taking into account the sinful state of the human condition thus aims at developing a realistic picture of the authority of humans in action, even in view of the human tasks of promoting science and research.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2004

Particle size analysis of soils under simulated scene of crime conditions: the interest of multivariate analyses.

Two simulated scenes of crime have been studied. Soil traces adhering to boots, sport shoes and tissues have been compared with control samples using particle size analysis. Comparisons of percentage of particles per class interval and multivariate analyses were used to determine how the size distribution of each suspect sample varied compared to the original distribution. A loss of coarse fractions characterized most of the suspect samples even though they were derived from soils having different distributional patterns. However, the differences between control and suspect samples were found to be more important for soils dominated by extreme size classes than for soils rich in medium size particles. The differences among soil samples from the same source were found to be restricted to the extreme size classes. The finding of significant differences within size classes ranging from 1 to 0.063 mm should be then considered as a dissimilarity sign between trace sample and hypothetic control soil.

Crime↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organ procurement for transplantation.

For centuries, the medical community has known that human cadavers and human organs are invaluable to medical science for transplantations. On December 3, 1967, in Cape Town, South Africa, Dr. Christian Barnard revolutionized organ transplantation with the first successful human heart transplant. With it came the dawning of a new era--life for one preserved through the death of another. But with this advancement came great demands. Patients waited, hoping sometimes in vain, that a kidney transplant would end their long hours of suffering on dialysis, or that a heart transplant would prolong their otherwise shortened existence. Expectations grew, but the supply of organs did not. It became clear that the full and continued benefit of such medical advances depended on an increased supply of human organs for transplantation. This article focuses on the issues surrounding the procurement of human organs for transplantation. A brief history of transplantation and the benefits of transplantation are presented, as well as the present means of supplying organs for transplantation and how this supply could be enhanced by alternate procurement methods.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Christian Ehrenfried Eschenbach (1712-1788)--a pioneer of legal medicine in German universities].

Christian Ehrenfried Eschenbach (1712-1788) belongs to the forerunners of the embossed natural science scholars of legal medicine in Germany. As a principal re-elected 11 times and dean of the medical faculty at Rostock University he defended academic positions in difficult times. His bibliography comprises numerous text books, e.g. on surgery, anatomy, pathology and obstetrics as well as various fields of mathematics. His Medicina legalis (1746 and 1775) belongs to the first systematic editions of forensic medicine in the German-speaking community. Thanks to his extensive practical experience as a physician and public health officer he took a very progressive position on questions of forensic medicine, issues of professional ethics in medicine and the assessment of injuries. He has wrongly been forgotten.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secularism, science and Islam.

Western natural science, arising from philosophical secularism, is a potent perpetuator of secularism. Greeks view of reality, was paradoxically strengthened by Christian denigration of nature and reason and by the later, successive European stances of anti-theologism, anti-metaphysicism and scientism. Islam, by seeing the unity of reason-intuition and nature- ghayb posits scientific and spiritual meaning in nature. Western secular science has produced spiritual and natural crises while the holistic, Islamic science resolves them. The desecularisation and Islamisation of society together with the resolution of science-generated crises demands a fundamental criticism of western science and the emergence of a healthier science.

History, Modern 1601-↗
PubMed2002

Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by on-line liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in forensic science of the Y-chromosomal locus M9.

A method is described for genotyping alleles of the Y-chromosomal locus M9, incorporating DNA extraction, amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sample purification by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-RP-HPLC), and allele identification by on-line hyphenation to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The alleles G and C were differentiated in 114 base pair amplicons on the basis of intact molecular mass measurements with a mass accuracy between 0.007 and 0.017%. The accuracy of mass determination was significantly reduced to less than 0.0036% upon amplification of a short, 61 bp fragment. The application of steep gradients of acetonitrile in 25 mM butyldimethylammonium bicarbonate not only enabled the efficient separation of non-target components from the PCR product in a monolithic, poly-(styrene-divinylbenzene)-based capillary column, but also allowed the high-throughput analysis of the PCR products with cycle times of 2 min. The new method was compared to a conventional restriction fragment length polymorphism assay with capillary gel electrophoretic analysis. In a blind study, 90 samples of unrelated individuals were genotyped. The high accuracy (<0.004%) and small relative standard deviation (<0.007%, n=20) of mass measurements, which enables even the differentiation of A and T alleles with a mass difference of 9 mass units, make IP-RP-HPLC-ESI-MS a potent tool for the routine characterization of SNPs in forensic science.

Base Sequence↗