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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma with implants in the cheek pouch and metastases to the ovaries. A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinomas are uncommon, locally destructive neoplasms that rarely metastasize outside the central nervous system. The authors report a case of a prolactin-secreting tumor that initially presented as the empty sella syndrome. Two recurrences along transsphenoidal surgery tracts in cheek pouches were followed by distant metastases later in the abdomen and pelvis. Only 10 previous cases of either extracranial or intracranial metastases from prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinomas have been reported. No metastases below the diaphragm have been reported previously. METHODS: The patient's cheek pouch implants, lymph node metastases, ovarian metastases, and uterine metastases were studied with prolactin-specific immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Long term treatment with bromocriptine, several debulking surgeries, extensive local radiation therapy (external beam and proton beam), and cytotoxic chemotherapy had little impact. Tamoxifen, however, may have slowed tumor growth. CONCLUSION: Tamoxifen may have efficacy in the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Folded forehead flap for reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the cheek.

A simplified technique is described for reconstruction of through-and-through full-thickness defects of the cheek following resection of cancer. The standard forehead flap is employed with an extended application, whereby it is folded over itself twice to provide both an inner and an outer lining. This alternative technique appears to be a reliable and quick way of obtaining both cover and lining for reconstruction of through-and-through defects of the cheek.

Cheek↗
PubMed1990

Excess retinoid acts through the stroma to produce mucous glands from newborn hamster cheek pouch in vitro.

Many morphogenetic processes are modified or initiated by retinoids. The cheek pouch of the newborn hamster can be induced to develop mucous glands in vitro by adding excess retinoid. The objective of this study was to determine whether the retinoid acted through the epithelium or the mesenchymal stroma. Explants of cheek pouch were grown for 7 days in either standard medium, or medium supplemented with 6 micrograms/ml retinyl acetate (RAc; 1.8 x 10(-5) M). After separation of most explants into epithelium and mesenchyme by trypsinization, the separated tissues were recombined in all possible ways and cultured for a further 1-2 weeks in standard medium. All explants were analysed histologically and/or histochemically from complete serial paraffin sections. No glands were formed in 30 recombinants containing stroma that had not been exposed to RAc, but four of 25 recombinants containing previously exposed stroma had glands, as well as four of 18 unseparated explants exposed to RAc. Exposure of epithelium to RAc did not result in the incidence of glands. It was concluded that RAc acting through the stroma was responsible for the instructive interaction with the epithelium for gland formation. A molecular mechanism is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps in the dynamic reconstruction of cheek defects: a preliminary report.

In the past, reconstruction of defects after cheek resection for such lesions as cancer or hemangioma was performed primarily by using local components. Two cases are reported in which free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps with neurovascular microanastomoses were used to reconstruct cheek defects. Early follow-up has shown that the results are satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Anti-inflammatory agents inhibit leukocyte accumulation and vascular leakage induced by trypsin and trypsin-digested serum in hamster cheek pouch.

In the present study we investigated the effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), indomethacin, and cortisone on trypsin-induced acute inflammation in the hamster cheek pouch. Permeability changes, evaluated by fluorescence microscopy after injection of FITC-dextran (MW 150,000), induced by trypsin (2.5 microM) and trypsinated serum (2.5 microM) were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with NDGA (20 mg/kg) and indomethacin (20 mg/kg). Pretreatment with cortisone (40 mg/kg) reduced the permeability changes induced by trypsinated serum but had no significant effect on trypsin-induced leakages. Accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as calculated by a whole tissue histological technique, induced by trypsin or trypsinated serum, was significantly reduced by pretreatment with cortisone, NDGA, or indomethacin. These results indicate a role of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products in trypsin-induced acute inflammation in the hamster cheek pouch.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The administration of beta carotene to prevent and regress oral carcinoma in the hamster cheek pouch and the associated enhancement of the immune response.

In the past four years this laboratory has utilized the hamster cheek pouch tumor model to investigate the anticancer activities of antioxidants, such as beta carotene. These molecules, which have exhibited no evidence of toxicity, have been administered systemically (oral ingestion), and locally to the tumor site in the hamster cheek pouch. The results have been either the inhibition of tumor growth, or the regression of tumor. Adjacent to the degenerating tumors a dense inflammatory infiltrate was observed. Specifically, the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and beta, have been immunohistochemically localized to the site of regressed oral carcinoma. Recently, liposomes composed of phosphaditylcholine, phosphaditylserine, and phosphodityelanolamine were combined with beta carotene and injected locally to oral squamous cell carcinoma of the hamster. The results indicated that tumor cells accumulated the liposomes and were lysed while normal mucosal cells did not demonstrate this effect. Therefore antioxidants such as beta carotene can be localized to a tumor site, without a toxic response. Future studies on the anticancer activity of the antioxidants need to focus on the cellular and molecular changes produced in the immune effectors and in the mucosal cells following administration of the antioxidants.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1992

Effect of prostaglandin E1 on leukotriene C4-induced increases in vascular permeability of hamster cheek pouch.

Our goal was to determine whether there is a synergistic effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on leukotriene C4 (LTC4)-induced increases in vascular permeability of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. Changes in permeability were quantified by counting venular leaky sites (LS) and calculating clearance (CLR) of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran 70kDa, during suffusion of the cheek pouch with LTC4 in the absence or presence of PGE1. LTC4 produced a dose-related increase in LS and CLR, and PGE1 (0.01 microM) significantly potentiated the effect of LTC4. During suffusion with LTC4 (15.0 nM) in the absence of PGE1, LS increased from 0 to 19 +/- 3/0.11 cm2 and CLR increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 1.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(-6) ml/sec. During superfusion with LTC4 (15.0 nM) in the presence of PGE1, LS increased from 0 to 40 +/- 3/0.11 cm2, and CLR increased from 0.4 +/- 0.1 to 2.1 +/- 0.5 x 10(-6) ml/sec. To determine whether the effect of PGE1 on LTC4-induced increases in vascular permeability was related to the vasodilatory effect of PGE1, we examined the effect of isoproterenol (ISO). In contrast to that observed with PGE1, ISO decreased LTC4-induced increases in LS and CLR. Our data suggest that there is a synergistic effect of PGE1 on LTC4-induced increases in venular permeability that is not mediated by a vasodilatory action of PGE1.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1983

Multiple-tiered deep support of cheeks in meloplasty and rhytidectomy.

Maintaining satisfactory long-term results in a face-lift on an aging face is an important aspect of facial plastic surgery. While undermining and support of the SMAS in the posterior cheek has achieved recent popularity, plication of the fascia in the cheeks has been at least equally effective and safer. Variations of this technique have been used for 30 years with satisfactory results.

Cheek↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The microvascular response to growth factors in the hamster cheek pouch.

Implicit in attempts to characterize and purify biologically active factors is the premise that the bioassay system employed will show a progressive increase in the response as the concentration of the responsible factor increases. We employed the hamster cheek pouch to assay the neovascularization potential of growth factors, including endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Each growth factor was applied to the system in graded concentration and two approaches used to assess neovascularization: first, direct serial inspection of the cheek pouches at 40 power; second, tritiated thymidine incorporation into endothelial cells, assessed by radioautography. PDGF induced a dose-related increase in neovascularization, with a threshold dose of 17.5 micrograms/ml and a peak, 56% response, at a PDGF concentration of 175 micrograms/ml. Progressive increases in PDGF concentration, thereafter, induced progressive reductions in the neovascularization rate. Under some conditions optimal bioassay requires serial dilutions of the assay material over a wide range.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Persistence of added retinoids in organ culture media during induction of mucous metaplasia and glandular morphogenesis in hamster cheek pouches.

The retinoid concentration (determined colorimetrically) did not change significantly in retinyl acetate-supplemented (6 micrograms/ml) Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium containing 10% fetal calf serum when stored at -20 or 4 degrees C over 7 days. After the medium was incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h, 37-49% of the retinoid remained, whether or not tissue (neonatal Syrian hamster cheek pouch) was present, and irrespective of explant age. The normal retinoid level in the tissue was approximately 0.25 micrograms per gram. Therefore, neonatal hamster cheek pouches, incubated in medium with the addition of 6 micrograms of retinyl acetate per ml of medium and undergoing mucous metaplasia and some mucous gland morphogenesis, were continually being exposed to retinoid levels which, though gradually decreasing, remained well above their normal physiological level.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of two vasodilatory phosphodiesterase inhibitors on bradykinin-induced permeability increase in the hamster cheek pouch.

Two inhibitors with selective effect on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs, preferentially hydrolyzing cAMP), milrinone (cGMP-inhibited PDE) and rolipram (cAMP-specific PDE) were studied for their effects on bradykinin-induced plasma leakage in comparison with the beta 2-receptor stimulant terbutaline. The dilation of arterioles induced by milrinone and rolipram was studied in the concentration range 10(-7)-10(-4) M. Maximal arteriolar dilation was 53% for milrinone at 10(-4) M and 28% for rolipram at 10(-4) M. The hamster cheek pouch preparation was used as prepared for intravital microscopy of fluorescein-labelled dextran, FITC-dextran. Bradykinin was applied topically to the cheek pouch at a final concentration of 4 x 10(-7) M and caused rapid and reversible increase in plasma leakage (number of leakage sites) from postcapillary venules. Milrinone (M), rolipram (R) and terbutaline (T) were also applied topically starting 5 min prior to bradykinin application and at final concentration of 10(-4) and 10(-5) M (M), 10(-5) and 10(-6) M (R) and 10(-7) M (T). These local concentrations resulted in significant (p < 0.05) and reversible inhibition of the bradykinin-induced response by 44% and 33% (M), 77% and 67% (R) and 46% (T). Combining M and R individually with T resulted in a significantly larger inhibition of the bradykinin response than with each of the drugs given separately.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Unilateral cheek tumor. Case report and differential diagnoses].

A 56-year-old male presented with a tumor on the cheek that had developed over 5 months. Unexpectedly, histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed an adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland. We discuss the differential diagnoses of tumors of the cheek.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[Peripheral branches of the facial nerve in the cheek and chin area. Anatomy and clinical consequences].

The available descriptions of the innervation of the depressor anguli oris muscle and the peripheral distribution of the terminal branches of the marginal mandibular branch and buccal branches of the facial nerve are conflicting. Based upon dissections of 25 head halves we investigated the courses of the terminal branches of the marginal mandibular and buccal nerves. The marginal mandibular and buccal branches were found to form in the area of the mental foramen the mental and buccal plexus innervating the mimetic muscles by terminal nerve branches in the cheek area. The buccal plexus supplied the muscles of upper lip, cheek and nose. Furthermore, the depressor anguli oris muscle was also supplied by the buccal plexus. We also observed connections between marginal mandibular branch and mental nerve and between buccal branches of the facial nerve and buccal nerve of the trigeminal nerve. In case of injury to the marginal mandibular branch the depressor anguli oris muscle is not affected. Injury to the nerve branches of the depressor anguli oris muscle can be caused by operations or lesions in the area of the posterior border of this muscle.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Lipids of hamster cheek pouch epithelium.

The hamster cheek pouch is a much used but incompletely understood experimental model. In particular, the cheek pouch epithelial lipids, which are important for permeability barrier function as well as other aspects of epithelial biology, have not been completely characterized. In the present study, the complete lipid class composition has been determined by thin-layer chromatography in conjunction with photodensitometry. The major lipid classes were phospholipids, free sterols, and ceramides. Minor amounts of monohexosylceramides, sterol esters, fatty acids, and triglycerides were also present. Significant amounts of covalently bound omega-hydroxyceramide was also detected. Transmission electron micrographs reveal extensive, largely paired, lipid bilayers in the intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of iron deficiency on respiration of hamster cheek-pouch epithelium in vitro.

Iron-deficiency anaemia was induced in hamsters by feeding a low-iron diet coupled with weekly bleeding. Respiration, assessed by measuring oxygen uptake, was significantly reduced (p less than 0.002) in cheek-pouch epithelia from iron-deficient animals. To relate data on oxygen consumption to cell numbers, the cell densities of the basal and maturation compartments were measured. The cell density of the maturation compartment in iron-deficient animals was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05), whereas that of the basal cell compartment was marginally higher than in control animals. However, the cell density of the tissue as a whole was similar in both groups. Thus, the reduced oxygen consumption in iron deficiency was not due to a reduction in cell numbers. Although there was a significant reduction in epithelial volume in the iron-deficient group, this was not sufficient to account for the reduced oxygen uptake in cheek-pouch epithelia from these animals. It is concluded that iron-deficiency anaemia affects cell respiration directly, probably by interfering with the amounts and/or functions of iron-containing enzymes or cytochromes in the electron-transport chain.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1992

A scanning electron microscopic study of rete ridges in the cheek pouch of normal young, adult and aged Syrian hamsters.

Cheek pouches were removed from BIO 87.20 male hamsters 4 weeks, 8 months or 18 months of age. One pouch from each animal was routinely processed for light microscopy. The epithelium and connective tissue of the remaining pouches were separated with EDTA and routinely processed for scanning electron microscopy. Two types of rete ridge were found: simple, consisting of a single epithelial ridge or blunt projection and complex, made up of multiple interconnecting ridges. The simple type predominated at 4 weeks (90%) but the complex type predominated at 8 (58%) and 18 months (73%). Although the 8- and 18-month pouches were significantly larger than the 4-week ones, the total number of rete ridges was similar at all ages. This, taken in association with the shift in type with age, suggests that the simple rete ridges develop into the complex ones. With increasing age more of the complex rete ridges took on the characteristics of touch domes. These changes in the shape of the rete ridges with age need to be taken into account in studies on experimentally altered cheek pouches so that they are not mistaken as pathological changes.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition by streptococcal immunopotentiator OK432 of lymph-node metastasis in hamster cheek-pouch carcinoma with enhancement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in serum.

A well-known metastic model of human oral cancer employs 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) to induce hamster cheek-pouch carcinoma. Streptococcal immunopotentiator OK432 was studied here for its inhibitory effect on lymph-node metastasis in that model. The intraperitoneal administration of OK432, after excision of cheek-pouch tumours induced by DMBA, resulted in a marked reduction in the incidence of cervical lymph-node metastasis to 7%, a significant decrease beneath the rates observed for control animals not receiving OK432 (40%). OK432 also caused an increased in serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in tumor-bearing hamsters. These results suggest that the immune response may play an important part in the antimetastatic effects of OK432.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1987

Bilateral neurovascular cheek flaps for one stage lower lip reconstruction.

Bilateral neurovascular cheek flaps, using a modification of McHugh's unilateral cheek flap, have been used to reconstruct large lower lip defects as one stage procedures in 31 patients. The simple surgical techniques are described. The results are quite satisfactory, both functionally and cosmetically.

Adult↗