Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cardiovascular System”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Molecular targets of tea polyphenols in the cardiovascular system.

Tea-derived polyphenols have attracted considerable attention in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In comparison to tumour cells, the elucidation of their molecular targets in cardiovascular relevant cells is still at the beginning. Although promising experimental and clinical data demonstrate protective effects for the cardiovascular system, little information is actually available on how these beneficial effects of tea polyphenols are mediated at the cellular level. By affecting the activity of receptor and signal transduction kinases, both catechins and theaflavins--the major ingredients of green and black tea, respectively--exert a variety of cardiovascular beneficial effects. In general, the number and positions of galloyl groups have major influence on the potency of polyphenols. Compared to their broad impact on cellular signal transduction, tea polyphenols reveal little transcriptional effects. However, more detailed and profound analysis of molecular actions in different cells of the cardiovascular system is necessary before safe clinical use of tea polyphenols for treatment of cardiovascular diseases will become possible.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The roles of corticotropin-releasing factor-related peptides and their receptors in the cardiovascular system.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF-related peptides and their receptors are present in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues including the immune, reproductive and cardiovascular systems. CRF and urocortin (urocortin 1) bind to the CRF receptor type 1 (CRF(1) receptor) and the CRF receptor type 2 (CRF(2) receptor), whereas urocortin 2 (formerly known as stresscopin related peptide) and urocortin 3 (formerly known as stresscopin) bind with high affinity to the CRF(2) receptor. Recent studies show that urocortin 1, urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 are potent regulators of cardiovascular function. This review highlights the role of cardiovascular CRF and related peptides and its relevance in mediating the adaptive response of the cardiovascular system to stressful conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

The opioid receptor independent actions of kappa receptor agonists in the cardiovascular system.

It is not well known but the actions of opioid receptor agonist and antagonist drugs have not been well characterized in the heart and cardiovascular system. Under normal physiological conditions, opioid receptors have a limited role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. Instead the primary focus of opioid receptor research, for many years, relates to the characterization of the actions as analgesics in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, however a series of studies suggest that in particular the arylacetamide class of kappa (kappa) opioid receptor agonist drugs have significant opioid receptor independent actions on the heart and cardiovascular system. Some of the actions of these molecules may indeed be mediated by activation of peripheral opioid receptors; however, these new studies provide pharmacological evidence to the contrary and show using many different in vitro and in vivo animal models that these 'non-opioid' actions result from direct or opioid receptor-independent actions on cardiac tissue. This article will outline the molecular mechanism(s) that are responsible for the cardiovascular and cardiac actions these arylacetamide kappa opioid receptor agonists and characterize the role that these opioid receptors have in ischaemic arrhythmogenesis. In many instances it would appear that the effects of opioid agonists (and antagonists) in cardiovascular disease models of ischaemia may be mediated by opioid receptor-independent actions of these drugs.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed2000

Kinin B(1) receptors and the cardiovascular system: regulation of expression and function.

Kinins are important peptide mediators of a diverse range of physiological and pathological functions of the cardiovascular system. The kinin peptides exert their effects by selective activation of two distinct G-protein coupled receptors termed B(1) and B(2). The principal kinin peptides involved in the acute regulation of cardiovascular function during normal physiology are bradykinin (BK) and Lys-BK which produce their effects via activation of B(2) receptors. The B(1) receptor is activated by the des-Arg(9)kinin metabolites namely des-Arg(9)BK and Lys-des-Arg(9)BK, the synthesis of which are increased during inflammation. The B(1) receptor, which is not constitutively expressed, is induced in various pathologies relating to inflammation. Recent investigations into the molecular mechanisms of B(1) receptor induction and their distribution and function in the cardiovascular system have shown that following an inflammatory stimulus the B(1) receptor is induced and may play an important role in modulation of cardiovascular function. This review summarises recent studies on B(1) receptor expression and function in the cardiovascular system and discusses the role of these receptors in regulation of circulatory homeostasis and their potential as therapeutic targets.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of spinal manipulative therapy on autonomic activity and the cardiovascular system: a case study using the electrocardiogram and arterial tonometry.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is alteration in the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems after chiropractic manipulative therapy (CMT). A novel approach was used to quantitatively probe for changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system, in blood pressure, and in pressure pulse transmission time. This approach uses the electrocardiogram and arterial tonometry equipment. DESIGN: This case study involves 1 subject treated over a 6-week period (2 visits/week). Respiration, electrocardiogram, and left and right radial artery blood pressures were measured during the baseline (2 visits) and treatment (10 visits) phases. Measurements were obtained before (n = 3) and after (n = 3) a break period (baseline) or before and after CMT. High-velocity, low-amplitude CMT that produced joint cavitation was used. SETTING: The study was performed at the Parker College Research Institute in a temperature-controlled laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fourier analysis was performed on the electrocardiogram-determined rest-redistribution intervals. The low frequency power between 0.04 to 0.15 Hz and the high frequency power between 0.15 to 0.40 Hz represent the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, respectively. The main outcome measure was the sympathovagal index, which is determined from the ratio of low frequency to high frequency. The arterial pressure and the time for pressure pulses to travel from the heart to the radial artery recording sites (pressure pulse transmission time) were studied. Differences (average of 3 measurements after treatment minus measurements before treatment) for each variable were calculated. RESULTS: After the 1st CMT treatment, the difference between treatment and baseline decreased for both the low frequency/high frequency (-2.804 +/- 1.273) and low frequency power (-0.135 +/- 0.056). These findings indicated that the parasympathetic nervous system predominated the sympathetic nervous system. After the 3rd, 4th, 6th, and 9th treatment, the difference between treatment and baseline increased for low frequency/high frequency (0.908 +/- 0.338, 2.313 +/- 0.300, 2.776 +/- 1.102, and 0. 988 +/- 0.269, respectively) and indicated that the sympathetic nervous system predominated the parasympathetic nervous system. In addition, the difference between treatment and baseline for the pressure pulse transmission time decreased bilaterally after the 4th treatment (left, -13.52 +/- 3.70 ms; right, -9.75 +/- 3.76 ms) and 6th treatment (left, -9.53 +/- 3.60 ms; right, -9.24 +/- 3.50 ms), which indicated that arterial compliance had decreased. Furthermore, after the 6th treatment, the difference between treatment and baseline for the rest-redistribution interval time decreased (-0.084 +/- 0.014 s). The difference between treatment and baseline for the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure for the above-mentioned treatments was not considered significant. CONCLUSION: This case study is the first to attempt to use electrocardiogram and arterial tonometry data to study the effects of CMT on the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems over an extended period of time. These devices allowed a more in-depth study of the cardiovascular and autonomic changes associated with CMT. Although changes in the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems can be detected, further development of a reliable and reproducible experimental protocol is required before validating the effects of CMT on these systems.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The cardiovascular system.

The ageing process is associated with important changes in the responses of the cardiovascular system to pharmacological stimuli. They are not limited to the arterial system, involved in the modulation of cardiac afterload and vascular resistance, but they also involve the low-resistance capacitance venous system and the heart. The main changes include loss of large artery compliance, dysfunction of some of the systems modulating resistance vessel tone, increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and reduced haemodynamic responses to inotropic agents. This review focuses on the effects of ageing on arterial and venous reactivity to drugs and hormones, the autonomic nervous system, and the cardiovascular responses to inotropic agents. Some of the age-related changes might be at least partially reversible. This may have important therapeutic implications.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Estrogens and the cardiovascular system: role of estradiol metabolites in hormone replacement therapy.

Estrogen substitution in the postmenopause reduces cardiovascular disease by means of direct and indirect effects of estradiol on the cardiovascular system. Recently, there have been increased indications that estradiol metabolites can also have beneficial effects. In the present short review, the existing experimental data for effects of estradiol metabolites on the blood vessels have been compiled. Results of our own studies, together with those of other research groups, indicate that particularly the catechol estrogens are able to exert a positive influence on the cardiovascular system, and may perhaps play a physiological role there. Attention is drawn to clinical-pharmacological aspects for use of estradiol metabolites for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous retrieval of foreign bodies from the cardiovascular system.

The authors retrieved percutaneously an iatrogenic foreign body from the cardiovascular system in 10 patients without any complications. The Dormia basket catcher commonly used for stone extraction from the urinary tract was used in 9 out of 10 patients. The foreign body was extracted 6 times from the right atrium and once each from the pulmonary artery, the right ventricle, the iliac vein and the iliac artery. In view of the high rate of success of the transvasal retrieval and the absence of complications, practically every foreign body carried into the cardiovascular system represents an indication for its percutaneous extraction even in the case of not being opaque.

Adult↗