Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CONNECTICUT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

Foreign-born and educated physicians in Connecticut who have not entered residency training.

Twenty-seven foreign-born, foreign-educated physicians who had not yet entered residency training were located in the Hartford, Connecticut area. Twenty-two completed a written survey and were interviewed. Fairly complete information was available on another two, for a total of 24. The physicians fell into two distinct groups. One group of young, single physicians with an average of two years of experience after medical school, were in the United States on student visas for further training, and generally planned to return home upon completion of training. The second group were older, experienced physicians who had come to the United States with their families for political reasons and planned to settle here permanently. Both groups had great difficulty passing FMGEMS Part I, but few had problems with Part II. Ninety percent were preparing at a commercial test preparation center, and 42% were employed, almost exclusively in the health-care field. Forty-four percent had been observers in a Connecticut hospital. The presence of these individuals, especially the older, more experienced group, raises many public policy questions in the areas of physician evaluation and licensing in the United States.

Connecticut↗

HIV seroprevalence among childbearing women in Connecticut.

A seroprevalence survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among childbearing women in Connecticut is being conducted as one of the family of HIV seroprevalence surveys funded by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Between 1 April 1989 and 30 March 1990 dried blood specimens submitted from all newborns (45,890) for metabolic screening were examined for HIV antibodies by standard laboratory techniques in a blinded manner. The overall HIV prevalence rate was 0.30% (138 newborns). Rates did not differ significantly by mother's age group in the overall population. Rates of seropositivity were higher among blacks (1.2%) and Hispanics (0.69%) than among whites (0.10%). Seropositivity by town was highest in New Haven (1.6%) where one in every 63 residents who gave birth was infected. Based upon this survey, we estimate that 45 HIV-infected children were born in Connecticut during the one-year study period and that approximately 2,300 women of childbearing age are currently infected.

Adult↗

Surgery by non-surgeons: podiatric surgery in Connecticut.

In order to determine the standards for credentialing, privilege delineation, and quality assurance of podiatric surgery in Connecticut, a questionnaire was mailed to all acute care hospitals, with a 100% institutional response. Of 38 hospitals, 25 currently have granted clinical privileges to podiatrists. Full podiatric surgical programs exist in 12 hospitals; multitiered privileges in seven hospitals differentiate podiatrists with and without postgraduate surgical residency training. Credentialing, privilege delineation, and quality assurance generally is conducted through the chief of surgery or chief of orthopedics, with participation of staff podiatrists. Based on the Connecticut experience, recommendations are made regarding establishment of new podiatric surgical programs.

Connecticut↗

A pathologic study of wild turkeys in Connecticut.

During the 1984 to 1986 spring hunting seasons in Connecticut, viscera from 300 hunter-killed wild turkeys and blood samples from live-trapped wild turkeys were examined in order to establish a health profile on the State's wild turkey population. Seven species of endoparasites were recovered from 224 (75%) of 300 birds: Metroliasthes lucida, Ascaridia dissimilis, Heterakis gallinarum, Syngamus trachea, Capillaria species, Trichomonas gallinarum, and Eimeria species. The most prevalent parasites were A. dissimilis (52%) and M. lucida (37%). Although some turkeys harbored high intensities of these two helminths, there were no associated gross or microscopic lesions nor body weight changes. The prevalence of S. trachea, H. gallinarum, Capillaria and Eimeria species, which are potential pathogenic parasites in domestic and wild turkeys, was very low (less than 3%). Blood samples from 19 live-trapped wild turkeys were negative for hemoprotozoa and antibodies to 15 common bacterial and viral agents. Serum samples from 82 birds were negative for Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. The survey indicates that the wild turkey population of Connecticut presently has little evidence of common infectious diseases and minimal prevalence of potentially pathogenic parasites.

Animals↗

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms. The Connecticut experience, 1935-1964.

Results for non-simultaneously diagnosed malignant tumors from Connecticut indicate that individuals with one malignant neoplasm have 1.29 times the risk of developing a new independent primary tumor when compared to individuals who never had cancer (P less than 0.01). However, the increased risk of multiple primary tumors is highly selective on a site-specific basis. Table 135 presents Connecticut Registry data indicating the risk of a subsequent primary malignancy by anatomic site of the later primary in patients with a first primary cancer. Tables 136 and 137 present tabulations for anatomic sites with statistically significant excesses and deficiencies, with an analysis by time interval between the two malignancies. Finally, Table 138 presents figures showing histologic confirmation for site-group paris with significant excesses of observed-over-expected later primary malignant neoplasms. The reader should bear in mind that just as the risk of subsequent primaries varies with the anatomic site of the subsequent primary (Table 135), the risk is also highly dependent upon the anatomic site of the first primary cancer (Chapters 6-12).

Aged↗

Borreliosis in dogs from southern Connecticut.

Blood samples were obtained from dogs in tick-infested regions of southern Connecticut to assess canine exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease in human beings. An indirect fluorescent antibody test detected immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies at titers of 1:64 to 1:512 in 22 of 84 serum samples previously shown to be positive with a polyvalent rabbit anti-dog total Ig conjugate. Analyses of paired serum samples from 20 seropositive dogs revealed temporal differences in titers; changes occurred during brief (1 month) or extended (greater than 4 years) sampling periods. Clinical records for 52 seropositive dogs indicated a history of intermittent lameness in 19 of these. Limb/joint disorders typically developed in dogs without IgM antibodies, suggesting manifestation during later phases of illness. A microscopic-agglutination test was used to assess cross reactivity between B burgdorferi and 20 serovars of Leptospira interrogans and biflexa. Analyses of 63 dog serum specimens with antibodies to B burgdorferi and a series of reference rabbit sera revealed minor antigenic relatedness. There was geographic clustering of dogs with antibodies to B burgdorferi in areas of south-central and southeastern Connecticut, where human Lyme disease also occurs.

Animals↗

Summary: multiple primary cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82.

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in over 250,000 persons reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR) during 1935-82. The CTR has collected data on cancer incidence longer than any other population-based tumor registry and thus provided researchers with a unique opportunity to investigate the occurrence of second cancers among persons followed for long periods, in some cases for more than 40 years. When compared with the general Connecticut population, cancer patients had a 31% increased risk of developing a subsequent cancer overall and a 23% elevated risk of second cancer at a different site from the first. Little variation in risk was seen for the first 20 years of follow-up, although the risk for females averaged twice that for males (41% vs. 18%). Persons who survived more than 20 years after the diagnosis of their first cancer were at highest risk: 51% for females and 45% for males. Over 1 million person-years of observation were recorded, and the excess risk of developing a new cancer was 3.5 per 1,000 persons per year. Common environmental exposures seemed responsible for the excess occurrence of many second cancers, particularly those related to cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, or both. For example, persons with epithelial cancers of the lung, larynx, esophagus, buccal cavity, and pharynx were particularly prone to developing new cancers in the same or contiguous tissue throughout their lifetimes. A notable finding was the high risk of cancers of the lung, larynx, buccal cavity, and pharynx observed among cervical cancer patients, which suggested a common etiology involving cigarette smoking. The intriguing association previously reported among cancers of the colon, uterine corpus, breast, and ovary was confirmed in our data, which indicated the possible influence of hormonal or dietary factors. Incidental autopsy findings were largely responsible for the observed excesses of second cancers of the prostate and kidney, and heightened medical surveillance of cancer patients likely resulted in ascertainment bias and elevated risks for some tumors during the early period of follow-up, most notably cancers of the thyroid. Interestingly, patients with prostate cancer were the only ones found to be at significantly low risk for second cancer development. However, this might be an artifact of case-finding because advanced age at initial diagnosis of prostate cancer was associated with an underascertainment of second cancers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Connecticut↗

State-wide cost recovery for health science audiovisual loan service in Connecticut.

The University of Connecticut Health Center Library has established a successful state-wide cost recovery audiovisual loan service for nurses. Limiting formats to those compatible with the audiovisual playback equipment at the source library and federal support for collection development helped the program to succeed. Connecticut nurses used the service both during the grant period and when a fee-for-service replaced the federal subsidy. The library's collection is now accessed by institutions without libraries.

Audiovisual Aids↗

Geographic distribution of humans, raccoons, and white-footed mice with antibodies to Lyme disease spirochetes in Connecticut.

An indirect immunofluorescence test was used during 1982-1983 to identify antibodies to Lyme disease spirochetes in humans, white-footed mice, and raccoons. Serologic tests detected IgM or total Ig antibodies in serum samples from 67 persons. Onset of illness, as marked by erythema chronicum migrans (ECM), occurred mainly during July and August. The majority of the persons with Lyme disease lived in south central and southeastern Connecticut. Analyses also verified prior spirochetal infections in 29 of 323 (9 percent) white-footed mice and in three of 34 (9 percent) raccoons captured at sites with or without evidence of human infections. Results indicate potential for Lyme disease at numerous localities in Connecticut.

Animals↗

Mesothelioma in Connecticut, 1955-1977. Occupational and geographic associations.

All cases of malignant mesothelioma (201) and other primary malignant pleural tumors (19) reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1955 through 1977 were studied in an attempt to identify high-risk jobs, industries and geographic locations and to estimate the risk attributable to asbestos exposure in the workplace. Data were obtained from hospital records, death certificates and city directories for cases, case spouses and a random sample (604) of Connecticut decedents (1955-1975). Three cases involved histories of work in asbestos products manufacture, but there was no evidence of residential risk in that geographic area. Relative risk (RR) for carpenters and cabinetmakers was 2.25 (p less than .05); for plumbers and pipefitters, 3.87 (p less than .05); and for persons "ever employed" in the rubber industry, 5.08 (p less than .01). Occupational exposure was indicated in 85% of the cases; attributable risk (AR) was 36%. Risk increased with greater exposure and older age. AR was 81% in men aged 70 to 89 years at diagnosis. Reduction of unnecessary occupational asbestos exposure remains the highest public health priority.

Adult↗

Antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in dogs and prevalence of infected ticks in southern Connecticut.

Blood samples and ticks were obtained from dogs to assess canine exposure to spotted fever-group (SFG) rickettsiae during 1978-1980 in southern Connecticut. Of the 1,576 dog sera screened by microimmunofluorescence. 174 (11.0%) contained specific antibodies at titers greater than or equal to 1:64 against Rickettsia montana (n = 34), R rickettsii (n = 31), R rhipicephali (n = 19), or the unclassified 369-C rickettsia (n = 90). End points greater than or equal to 1:8,192 to R rickettsii and to R rhipicephali were recorded for 6 and 3 sera, respectively. Seropositivity rates from southwestern and southeastern Connecticut were similar (about 11%), with positive sera obtained from each region in nearly all months of the investigation. Rates were between 10% for dogs 2 to 7 years old and 14% for those greater than or equal to 8 years. Eight of 629 Dermacentor variabilis, 1 of 18 Ixodes dammini, and 2 of 3 Amblyomma americanum were positive by direct immunofluorescence for SFG rickettsiae. Thirteen D variabilis contained unidentified, long, bacillus-like organisms that differed from the short, ovoid (coccal) forms typical fo the spotted-fever agent, R rickettsii. With the exposure to infected ticks and production of type-specific antibodies against at least 4 SFG antigens, dogs may serve as suitable enzootic or epizootic indicators of rickettsial activity.

Animals↗

A mammogram coupon program: a collaborative effort to provide mammograms to uninsured women in Connecticut.

A collaborative effort to provide free screening mammograms to uninsured women throughout Connecticut using monies raised by the Connecticut RACE FOR THE CURE was launched during National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, October 1994. The program involved 55 American College of Radiology (ACR) accredited mammography facilities and 48 social service agencies. Eligibility criteria stipulated that participants be age 40 or older, be asymptomatic, have no health insurance, and have not had a mammogram within the last year. A total of 531 women received screening mammograms with four breast cancers diagnosed. The typical woman who was screened was white, between age 40 and 59, had a low income, a high school education or less, and no health insurance. Most had had a mammogram at some point in her life, but had not had one in the last two years. It was found that recruiting eligible women was more difficult than initially estimated. Many of the participating social service agencies served clients already on assistance, and, therefore, had mammogram coverage. Mass media, in particular television, proved to be a powerful recruiting tool which reached primarily "working poor" women. Future efforts should allow for a lengthier planning time to recruit hard-to-reach women and anticipate the need for case management to ensure follow-up of abnormal findings.

Adult↗

Impact of increased legal access to needles and syringes on practices of injecting-drug users and police officers--Connecticut, 1992-1993.

To determine whether the simultaneous, partial repeal of needle prescription and drug paraphernalia laws in Connecticut affected purchasing and usage of needles and syringes (syringes) by injecting-drug users (IDUs) and risk of needlestick injuries to police officers, we conducted two serial cross-sectional surveys with IDUs recruited in drug treatment centers, correctional facilities, and health department settings. Reports of needlestick injuries among Hartford police officers were reviewed before and after the new laws. Among IDUs who reported ever sharing a syringe, syringe-sharing decreased after the new laws (52% before vs. 31% after; p = 0.02). Fewer IDUs reported purchasing syringes on the street after the new laws (74% before vs. 28% after; p < 0.0001). More IDUs reported purchasing syringes from a pharmacy after the new laws (19% before vs. 78% after; p < 0.0001). Eight to eleven months after the new laws were enacted, over two thirds (91 of 134) of active IDUs interviewed were aware of both new laws. Needlestick injury rates among Hartford police officers were lower after the new laws (six injuries in 1,007 drug-related arrests for 6-month period before new laws vs. two in 1,032 arrests for 6-month period after new laws). The changes in Connecticut laws were associated with decreases in self-reported syringe-sharing and increases in purchasing by IDUs of sterile syringes from reliable sources, suggesting that the simultaneous repeal of both prescription and paraphernalia laws is an important HIV prevention strategy.

Adolescent↗

Surveillance of cancer incidence in Connecticut counties and towns, 1989-91.

Using the population-based Connecticut Tumor Registry, cancer incidence was examined for residents of Connecticut's eight counties and 169 towns in 1989-91. Findings included high standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for: certain smoking-related cancers for women in New London County; several cancers (bladder, kidney, and mesotheliomas) for men in Middlesex County; Kaposi's sarcoma in Fairfield County, and in the towns of Hartford and New Haven; skin melanoma in certain ocean-shoreline towns; and invasive cervical cancer in several larger cities. Cancer surveillance data should be useful for promoting such efforts as smoking prevention and cessation, the collection of data on occupation and smoking by physicians and hospitals, reduction in excessive sun exposure, and increased screening for cervical cancer in large towns.

Adolescent↗

Mosquito and arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut, 1991-1992.

A surveillance program for mosquito-borne arboviruses was conducted in Connecticut following an epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) in horses and domestic birds during 1990. Mosquito trapping was done weekly using CO2-baited miniature light traps at 12 freshwater swamp sites that were located mostly in the southeastern portion of the state. Trapping was conducted from June 27 to October 11, 1991 and from June 2 to September 30, 1992. Totals of 7,435 (1991) and 13,912 (1992) adult female mosquitoes representing 21 species in 7 genera were collected and assayed for arboviruses. Virus isolates were identified by ELISA using reference antibody of California encephalitis, EEE, Highlands J (HJ), Jamestown Canyon (JC), LaCrosse, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. Culiseta melanura was the most common species trapped each year, followed by Aedes canadensis, Aedes cinereus, and Coquillettidia perturbans. The most abundant univoltine snowmelt species was Aedes abserratus. Three isolates positive for JC virus were obtained from Ae. abserratus, Ae. canadensis (new state record), and Ae. cinereus (new state record) that were collected from 2 different sites in June (1992) and July (1991 and 1992). Six isolates positive for HJ virus were made from Cs. melanura and one isolate from Ae. cinereus (new host record) collected in mid- to late September, 1992 from 3 locations. Based on repeated virus isolations in this and other studies, high field infection rates, and its relative abundance, Ae. abserratus appears to be a principal vector of JC in Connecticut. However, the prevalence and importance of JC as a human disease in the state are unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aedes↗

Bicycle injury in Connecticut.

We reviewed vital statistics (1987-92) and hospital discharge data (1987-91) for Connecticut residents to describe the epidemiology of bicycle-related injuries in the state. Each year there are approximately eight deaths (rate = 0.25/100,000) and 289 hospitalizations (rate = 8.8/100,000) due to bicycle related injury. Nonfatal bicycle injuries resulted in 1,500 hospital days at a cost of $1.7 million dollars. Death and hospitalization rates are highest among male children and adolescents five to 19 years of age. Most of the mortality and serious morbidity from bicycle-related trauma is due to head injuries. Both fatal and nonfatal bicycle head injury rates are highest in towns with a population less than 50,000 residents. Bicycle-related head injury is an important cause of mortality and morbidity of Connecticut children and youth and is largely preventable through the use of bicycle helmets. The data presented here allow for the development, implementation, and evaluation of community-based bicycle safety and helmet programs.

Accidents, Traffic↗

The public health impact and economic cost of smoking in Connecticut--1989.

Estimates of the smoking-attributable morbidity, mortality, and economic costs for Connecticut for 1989 were made using software distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The software calculations are based on relative risks for smoking-related diseases from major prospective studies. Using smoking prevalence, mortality, population, and health-care expenditure data for the state, 19.3% of all deaths in Connecticut in 1989 were estimated to be related to smoking. Cardiovascular disease and cancer accounted for the largest number of these estimated deaths. Men who died from smoking-related deaths lost an estimated 11.6 years of life while women died an estimated 12.8 years prematurely from smoking-related causes. The total cost, including direct and indirect smoking-related costs, was estimated to be $944 million, or $287 for each man, woman, and child in the state.

Adolescent↗

Laboratory screening for Escherichia coli O157:H7--Connecticut, 1993.

Escherichia coli O157:H7, first recognized as a pathogen in humans in 1982 (1), is a common cause of bloody diarrhea and a leading cause of acute renal failure in children. In June 1993, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) recommended that clinical laboratories screen at least all bloody stools for E. coli O157:H7 using sorbitol-MacConkey medium (2). Following the CSTE issuance, in late June the Connecticut Department of Public Health and Addiction Services (DPHAS) mailed the same recommendation to all clinical laboratories in the state and encouraged laboratories to send suspected E. coli O157:H7 strains to the DPHAS laboratory for confirmation. To assess the impact of the DPHAS recommendations and to characterize the screening practices for E. coli O157:H7, in November 1993 DPHAS surveyed laboratories in Connecticut. This report presents the findings of the survey.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗