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Results for “CONDITIONED REFLEX”

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PubMedDate not supplied

The assessment of the strength of interaction between neurons of the motor cortex of the cat in a conditioned reflex to time.

The study was carried out in cats, with the recording of multineuronal activity of the motor cortex during the development of a conditioned reflex to time. The strength of the interaction between adjacent and remote neurons within a range of 0.5 mm was assessed. The dynamics of the strength of the interneuronal interaction did not correlate in the overwhelming majority of cases with the dynamics of the frequency of the impulse activity of the neurons under investigation. Changes in the strength of interaction between neurons separated from one another in a conditioned reflex (CR) to time were encountered more often than between adjacent neurons; this may serve as additional evidence in favor of the hypothesis of the more rigid structure of connections within microsystems and the greater plasticity of connections between microsystems.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Retention of a backward classically conditioned reflex response in spinal cat.

Retention of a backward classically conditioned reflex response was investigated in the spinal cat preparation. Facilitation of the flexion reflex was induced by the pairing of superficial peroneal nerve stimulation (30 Hz, 0.5 s), the US (unconditioned stimulus), with saphenous nerve stimulation (10 Hz, 1.5 s), the CS (conditioned stimulus). Both the US and CS were supramaximal for activation of A delta cutaneous afferent fibers. Experimental animals received 30 paired trials (US preceded CS by 0.25 s) with an intertrial interval (ITI) of three min. Control animals received the same stimuli but in an explicitly unpaired manner. Following acquisition, all animals received 30 additional CS-alone trials at five min intervals. This paradigm, which incorporated ITIs longer than those which had been used previously in backward conditioning studies, induced a long-lasting potentiation of the flexion reflex which appeared to be specific to spinal reflex pathways activated by A alpha cutaneous fibers. The relevancy of these results to a more specific understanding of backward and forward classical conditioning in the spinal cat is discussed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of hemiextirpation of gonadal glands on the conditioned reflex avoidance behavior in male and female rats].

A comparative analysis has been made of the influence of hemiextirpation of the gonadal glands on realization of conditioned-reflex activity in rats of both sexes. Learning was assessed in active and passive avoidance paradigms. It was established that hemigonadectomy in male rats or hemiovariectomy in female rats fail to modify acquiring and reproducing active avoidance and passive reactions as compared to the controls. It is suggested that hemiextirpation of the gonadal glands does not significantly influence realization of conditioned-reflex activity in rats of both sexes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The relationship between the dose of caffeine and the magnitude of conditioned reflex salivation in dogs].

Statistical estimates carried out on a comprehensive experimental material of the archives in the Laboratory of physiology of nervous system types at the Pavlov Institute of Physiology, USSR Academy of Sciences, made it possible to plot average static characteristics of changes in the magnitude of positive conditioned reflexes in dogs, depending on the dose of caffeine. It appeared that conditioned reflexes decreased to some extent after a 0.01 g dose; within the range of 0.05 to 1 g doses, the magnitude of reflexes increased to the maximum; within the range of 0.1 to 0.5 g, their magnitude diminished from the maximum to the normal level, and, finally, a dose of 0.5 g or greater resulted in a drop of the magnitude of the reflexes below the normal level.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Acquisition of a conditioned reflex in New Zealand white rabbits from three sources.

In studies of learning using rabbits, there has been standardization of behavioural procedures across laboratories. Less attention has been paid to variation that may arise from genetic differences and/or differences in rearing conditions. The present experiment revealed that acquisition of a conditioned reflex can be affected dramatically by such differences. Specifically, the acquisition of a conditioned reflex in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits from 3 different suppliers was compared. All rabbits received behavioural training in which a tone or a light signalled an electrotactile stimulation of the trigeminal nerve near the rabbits' right eye. This tactile stimulus reliably elicited an eyeblink. Repeated presentations of the auditory and visual signals followed by the tactile stimulus yielded the acquisition of a conditioned response (CR), namely closure of the eyelids during the warning period provided by the signal stimuli. Two of the groups showed steady CR acquisition at a rate that matched previous results in other laboratories as well as in the senior author's laboratory. However, the third group of rabbits showed very slow acquisition, and some rabbits failed to show any CR acquisition.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1991

Modulation of a discrete Pavlovian conditioned reflex by a putative emotive Pavlovian conditioned stimulus.

Three experiments showed the modulation of a rabbit eyeblink conditioned response (CR) to a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) by 30-s stimuli (A & B) that had been differentially paired with paraorbital shock. The CS (Y) was a 1,050-ms cue that had been paired with paraorbital shock outside A or B. In testing, the amplitude of CRs was greater when Y was presented within A than within B. Differential modulation occurred whether shock in A had been preceded by another 1,050-ms cue, X(AX+,BX-;Experiment 1) or not (A+B-;Experiment 2). Experiment 3 compared the technique of Experiment 1 (AX+) with that of Experiment 2 (A+) and found the latter to be advantageous for facilitation of CRs to Y by A. These data are consistent with the predictions of a model of Pavlovian conditioning (AESOP, Wagner & Brandon, 1989) that distinguishes between emotive and sensory conditioning as did Konorski (1967).

Animals↗