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The paper inquired into the situation of spread and influence of a distinguished physician of the Yuan dynasty, Hua Shou's medical books in Japan. Nippon editions of Hua Shou's medical books had been investigated. The conditions that Hua Shou's medical books were translated, annotated, studied by Japanese medical workers before Meiji, and the role of Hua Shou's medical books played on the medical education in Japan was also discussed.
There is a report that the 1850 edition of "Roshia Gyuto Zensho" (Russian Vaccination Book) translated by Sajuro Baba and edited by Sen-an Riko is not extant and that the 1855 edition of the book is the first edition. The author found an important document entitled "Shichu-Torishimari Zokuruishu - Shoseki-no-bu" at the National Diet Library, which includes several official records describing the publication circumstances of "Roshia Gyuto-Zensho" issued in 1856. This document has scarcely been referred to by medical historians before. It reads as follows: "Ihachi Subaraya, the publisher, asked the magistrate of Edo to permit him to publish and sell two volumes of the translated vaccination book entitled "Roshia Gyuto Zensho" in 1856. The magistrate consulted the members of astronomy division of the Tokugawa Shogunate concerning its possible publication and gave finally a sanction to the publisher after careful consideration. There is a description in the records which shows that two volumes of the 1850 edition were submitted for check, indicating that the 1855 edition is the second and the 1850 edition is the first edition. Behind the situation regarding the granting of permission to the publisher by the Shougunate, there would have been the fact that Sajuro Baba, the translator of the book, was one of the founders of the division of astronomy of the Shogunate.
In 1905, the Hu bing yao shu (Essentials of Nursing) by Chinese Medical Association is the earliest nursing book was published. Beginning from 1920, there are professional nursing books published. After the setting up of Chinese Nursing Association, nursing curricula, examination, registration were unified, and Guangxie Bookstore was the Press to publish nursing monographs, which played an important role in promoting nursing education. In 1949, about 100 kinds of such books were recorded. Among them, most translated books or compiled translations were influential.
The proportion of patients with booked appointments for hospital admissions and day-case treatment will have to more than double by 2005 to meet the NHS plan targets. Most patients with a booked appointment liked the system. Implementing a booking system requires considerable commitment from health professionals. The booking targets of the NHS plan will not be achieved without an increase in capacity.
Medical syndromes have often been represented in fine arts, but rarely have clinical diagnoses been discussed in comic book characters. Since their first appearance in Europe in the middle of the 19th century and in America in 1895, comic books have been considered as "the 9th art". In many comic books, the appearance and/or the behavior of central or support characters are suggestive of already well-defined medical disorders. The representation of five particular groups or clinical features: mental retardation, abnormal stature, abnormal hair, obesity, and cranial malformations is discussed from mostly European comic series. Whether comic authors intended to describe specific clinical entities while drawing their characters or whether such situations appeared by mere luck, is open to debate. In many series from the first half of the 20th century characters with remarkable clinical features were also painted as psycho-social deviants. Such stereotypes are found much less frequently nowadays. Writers of comic books, realizing the major impact of their work especially in adolescent age groups, have increasingly been using their series to actually promote issues of equity and well being for physically or mentally impaired people.
This study was prompted by the poor maternal and foetal outcome at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe, in unbooked mothers compared to women who had booked for antenatal care. Comparison was made of 195 recently delivered unbooked mothers with 196 booked mothers. Unbooked mothers were significantly more likely to be younger, of lower parity, be single, have lower socio-economic status, live in or migrate from rural areas, be uneducated and have an unwanted pregnancy. Their infants were significantly more likely to preterm and/or of low birth weight and had a higher perinatal mortality. The major reasons cited by the women for not booking were lack of money and delivery occurring before the intended time of booking. Discussion focuses on how to improve outcome in unbooked mothers.
The High Court of South Africa found that a book publisher had violated the constitutional rights of three HIV-positive women by publishing their names and HIV-positive status. In their claim, the women named as defendants the book's author, a prominent journalist, the book's subject, politician Patricia de Lille, and the publisher, New Africa Book Publishers.
A controlled trial was carried out to determine whether longer booking intervals at surgeries affected general practitioners' self-assessed levels of stress and arousal. Sixteen general practitioners from 10 practices took part. Surgery sessions with patients booked at 10 minute intervals (experimental sessions) were compared with the doctors' usual booking intervals of between 7.5 and 5.0 minutes (control sessions). Stress and arousal were assessed by the general practitioner before and after each surgery session using a mood adjective check list. The study included 109 experimental and 184 control sessions. The median consultation length increased from six minutes in the control sessions to seven minutes in the experimental sessions. At the end of the experimental sessions, stress scores were lower, and arousal scores higher than at the end of the control sessions (P less than 0.001). There were no significant differences between experimental and control sessions in stress or arousal at the start of the sessions. Favourable mood changes were seen more consistently in the experimental sessions than control sessions, with less than a quarter of doctors showing increased stress or decreased arousal after sessions relative to before. It is concluded that longer booking intervals are of psychological advantage to general practitioners.
The current financial status of the health care industry is viewed both from its effect on the hospital library collection and the response of the hospital library to the financial crisis. Predecessors of this list have been intended as selection guides for a small or medium-size library in a hospital or comparable medical facility. As the prices of books and journals continue to soar, the secondary purpose as a core collection for a consortium of small hospital libraries or a network sharing library resources may eventually become its primary use. Books (607) and journals (140) are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index, and the subject list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. To purchase the entire collection of books and to pay for 1991 subscriptions would require about $77,700. The cost of only the asterisked items totals $29,300.
More than 400 years have passed since the edition of the prominent anatomical treatise "On the Structure of the Human Body" in 7 books of Andreas Vesalius, the founder of the modern anatomical science, the outstanding scientist of the Renaissance. The role of Andreas Vesalius in the history of medicine and anatomy, his life and creative work are described in detail by many following generations (Choulant 1852; Jackschath 1903; Anson 1945; Deshin 1915; Leibson 1940, 1951; Kasatkin 1956; Kuprijanov 1964; Ternovsky 1965; Goncharov 1976, 1978). However the interest both in that man and the epoch he lived and created does not grow weak nowadays. At the USSR Order of Lenin State Library in the section of rare books there is one of a few left copies of A. Vesalius' book (published in 1543 in Basel of Johann Oporin's publication) published by Johann Oporin in 1543 in Basel. This book is exhibited unfold and its frontispiece is great interest to readers (Fig. 1).
Since the late 60s, reality-oriented books for children and young people have increasingly turned to subject-matters and issues involving social/societal criticism, among them the theme of "being disabled". In the discussion on the degree to which media, and books in particular, do affect children's attitudes and socialization, it has been underlined that media take effect in the development of specific attitudinal patterns and behavioural dispositions in those cases where the recipient has not already formed a "completed" opinion of the topic at hand. This in particular is true in children of primary school age, and above all relates to their view of the disabled person. Six selected children's books were reviewed critically, based on a catalogue of criteria permitting coverage of as wide as spectrum as possible of "physical disability" and allied subjects. Summarizing, it is noted that the books reviewed do give children the opportunity, and partly in an excellent manner, of gaining insights into the situation of disabled persons. The potential for didactical treatment in primary classrooms is pointed out.
Many scientists have written about Turkish, Arabic and medical books. The most important authors among them are: Osman Sokolović: "Orijentalne medicinske knjige moje knjiznice", Hrvatska drzavna tiskara, Zagreb, Podruznica Sarajevo, Sarajevo, 1945, od 10-15; Prim. dr. Hamdija Karamehmedović; Ibn al-Nefis, "Mudzez al-Kanum", Republicki zavod za zdravstvenu zastitu Sarajevo, 1961, 1-219; Mr ph Samuel Elazar, Ajnija Omanić: "Bibliografija medicinskih djela u SR BiH do 1895." Medicinska knjiga Beograd-Zagreb 1984; Besides, the great contribution in bibliography was given by dr Lujo Taler, prof. dr. Drazen Grmek, dr. Jasa Roman, Kasim ef. Dobraca, Radmila Fabijanić, Hivzija ef. Hasandedić, prof. dr. Zdravko Devetak, prim. dr. Alija Karahasanović, Salih ef. Trako i Lejla Gazić. The first list of medical books from the territory of The Former Yugoslavia was prepared and published by Jasa Roman: Jugoslovenska bibliografija Ijekarusa i narodnih medicinskih rukopisam Naucno drustvo za istoriju zdravstvene culture Jugoslavije, Beograd, 1973. But, there are also many writings and book ("the old books") that have not been evidented yet. The reason for this is the fact that catalogues in private and public chemistries were not updated. This is why numerous documents have not been processed. These documents are the most important source of data about our health past, and that is why it is necessary to investigate, note and process them permanently in all aspects. The goal of this paper is to make a short preview of updated bibliography in Bosnia and Herzagovina, and to analyse methodology of making them.
This updated list of 398 books and 141 journals is intended as a selection aid for the small library of a hospital, medical society, clinic, or similar organization. Books and journals are arranged by subject, with the books followed by an author index, and the journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for first purchase by smaller libraries are noted by an asterisk.
This updated list of 389 books and 135 journals is intended as a selection aid for the small library of a hospital, medical society, clinic, or similar organization. Books and journals are arranged by subject, with the books followed by an author index, and the journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for first purchase by smaller libraries are noted by an asterisk.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the interrelationships between books and toys in the home, parent-child interaction, and child development at 21 months among low-income Latino children. METHODS: Latino mother-infant dyads enrolled in a level 1 nursery and infants were followed to 21 months. The subjects consisted of the control group of a larger intervention study. At 6 and 18 months, the number of books and toys in the home and the frequency of reading aloud were measured by the StimQ. At 21 months, child cognitive and language development and parent-child interaction were assessed by the Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI), the Preschool Language Scale-3 (PLS-3), and the Caregiver-Child Interaction Rating Scale, respectively. Eligibility for early intervention (EI) services was determined on the basis of the MDI and PLS-3. RESULTS: Data were obtained for 46 (63.0%) of 73 at 21 months. In multiple regression analysis, books provided at 18 months predicted both cognition (semipartial correlation [sr] = .49, P= .001) and receptive language (sr = .37, P= .02), whereas toys provided at both 6 and 18 months predicted 21-month receptive language (sr = .40, P= .01; sr = .32, P= .047, respectively). Reading aloud by parents > or =4 days a week was associated with decreased EI eligibility (adjusted odds ratio = 0.16, 95% confidence interval 0.03-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Reading aloud and provision of toys are associated with better child cognitive and language development as well as with decreased likelihood of EI eligibility.
Depression is a common, and often undetected, psychiatric disorder in geriatric care home residents. Reminiscence, an independent nursing therapy used by a variety of health and social care professionals, can prevent or reduce depression. This practice development project explored the use of reminiscence life history books as an interpersonal therapeutic tool with 3 depressed care-home residents living in residential care and skilled nursing facilities. The process of choosing to produce a book, assessment of capabilities, and methods of construction are described using 3 illustrative case studies. Three themes emerged: reviewing the past, accepting the present, and dreaming of an alternative future. This project demonstrated that life history books, tailored to individual needs and abilities, can facilitate reminiscence and reduce depression by increasing social interaction. The benefits to residents, their families, and care staff are discussed and the relevance to nursing practice highlighted.
Asthma self-management programmes have been shown to increase children's knowledge about asthma and improve their management practices and health status. However, existing programmes have rarely addressed the unique learning needs of very young children. This study aimed to develop and assess the effectiveness of a video tape and picture book designed to teach children about the prevention and management of acute episodes of asthma. The information content of the educational resources was determined by analysis of relevant medical information and asthma management skills. Social Learning Theory and consideration of the developmental stage of the target population informed the format and style of presentation of the resources. Eighty children aged between 2 and 5 years who had been diagnosed with asthma by their medical practitioner and who required daily asthma medication participated in a controlled experimental study. The study evaluated the impact of the asthma education resources on children's knowledge about asthma, compliance with medication regimens and health status. Children were randomly allocated to one of three experimental groups. Children in these groups were exposed to either the video tape alone, the book alone or both the video tape and book, or to a control group who viewed materials unrelated to asthma. The results for the three experimental groups were compared with the control group who did not receive exposure to any of the asthma education resources. The results showed that children in each experimental group had significantly greater gains in asthma-related knowledge than children in the control group and children exposed to both resources showed the greatest increases in knowledge. Children in each of the three experimental groups also had better compliance and health than children in the control group. These findings indicate that carefully designed asthma education resources are useful for providing even the youngest children with information about asthma and its management.
AIM: The tobacco industry has hidden its involvement in the design, conduct and publication of scientific research articles and has used the articles to argue against tobacco regulation. The objective of this study is to examine tobacco industry involvement in the development of scientific books. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents retrieved from the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu). Information from the documents was supplemented with material from Internet searches, the National Center for Biotechnology Information Pubmed database and interviews with individuals involved in book publication. FINDINGS: Between 1997 and 1999 the tobacco industry sponsored a monograph, entitled 'Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites', that examined the measurement and metabolism of nicotine. The tobacco industry recruited Elsevier Science to publish the monograph. Tobacco industry executives, lawyers and scientists reviewed the chapters. One use of the monograph was to stimulate collaborative efforts between academic and tobacco industry scientists. Another was to provide the book to a government regulatory agency reviewing the teratogenic effects of nicotine. CONCLUSION: Our findings show the breadth of tobacco industry engagement in scientific knowledge production and dissemination, and its motives for sponsoring scientific literature. The industry's effort to gain credibility through collaboration with academic scientists raises questions regarding the ethics of accepting tobacco industry funding for publication. Scientists who collaborate on publications sponsored by the tobacco industry must consider the full implications of these joint efforts.