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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Serum proteins of the free-ranging European bison.

The paper presents the values of total protein (TP) and protein fractions in the serum of 57 European bisons from the Białowieza Primeval Forest, 47 of these animals being free-ranging and 10 living in enclosures. It was found that the amount of TP and amount of alpha 1- and gamma-globulin fractions are significantly lower in adult females than males. The amount of TP and gamma-globulin fraction increase significantly with age in all examined Europeans bisons, whereas the amount of alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulin fractions increase only in free-ranging animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Heterochromatin of the scarab beetle, Bubas bison (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) II. Evidence for AT-rich compartmentalization and a high amount of rDNA copies.

An unexpected result arising from a previous characterization of the scarab beetle Bubas bison (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) heterochromatin was its unusual homogeneous reaction to different staining methods. In particular, silver stainability of heterochromatic ends of all chromosomes prevented identification of the number of rDNA transcriptionally active regions. Data formerly obtained using silver impregnation (Ag-NOR), C- G- and DAPI banding are here improved and completed by application of CMA(3) staining and rDNA FISH with the aim to investigate heterochromatin base composition and locate rDNA regions with respect to NOR-associated heterochromatin. Our results show that B. bison has a high amount of heterochromatin (almost 50%) and that--as revealed by rDNA FISH--major rRNA genes are spread over the heterochromatic telomeric regions of eight chromosomes, thus suggesting that only a portion, although consistent, of total heterochromatin is associated with ribosomal clusters. Moreover, DAPI-positive (AT-specific) and CMA(3)-negative (GC-specific) reactions of heterochromatic DNA confirm its AT-rich composition. Finally, possible explanations for the bright DAPI-fluorescence of both heterochromatin and rDNA sequences are discussed.

AT Rich Sequence↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the primary structure of bison pancreatic ribonuclease.

Bison pancreatic ribonuclease was isolated by affinity chromatography. Thermolysin and tryptic digestion of denaturated protein, and subtilisin digestion of native protein yielded peptides, which were purified and submitted to amino acid analysis. These peptides, together with partial sequence data obtained by Stewart & Stevenson (16) overlap the entire amino acid sequence of bison ribonuclease. No differences with bovine ribonuclease were found, although there may be differences in state of amidation of some residues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Types of neurons in nucleus olivaris inferior of the European bison.

The studies were carried out on the medullae oblongatae of four European bisons. Preparations made by means of the Golgi technique, as well as preparations stained by the Klüver-Barrera methods, were used. Two types of neurons were distinguished in nucleus olivaris inferior of the European bison. Type I (about 90% of neurons) are multipolar cells whose perikaryons measure from 25 to 40 microns. The multipolar cells generate 5-6 thick dendrites which next give off a number of branches. The dendritic tree is ball-shaped. A single long, thin axon arises from the surface of the perikaryon or branches from the initial segment of one of the dendrites. The axon adopts a course along the plane corresponding to the transverse section of brain stem. Type II (about 10% of neurons) are pear-shaped and rounded cells measuring from 25 to 30 microns. These cells generate 2-3 thick dendritic trunks which are concentrated at one pole of the perikaryon. The dendritic tree has a stream-like form. A single short and rather thin axon emerges from the surface of the perikaryon. Its course corresponds to the long axis of brain stem.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Types of neurons in nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus of the European bison.

The study was carried out on the medullae oblongatae of four European bisons. Preparations were made according to the Nissl, Klüver-Barrera and Golgi methods. Nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus of the European bison are formed of 4 types of neurons. Type I--triangular cells. The perikaryon issues 3 dendrites bifurcating once or twice. The dendritic field is ball-shaped. A single thin axon emerges directly from the soma. Tiny granules of the tigroidal substance are very densely distributed and penetrate into the initial segments of dendrites. Type II--multipolar cells. These neurons have 7-9 thick dendrites which bifurcate twice. The dendritic field is ball-shaped. A single axon, 2 microns thick, emerges directly from the perikaryon. The cells contain thick spherical granules of the tigroidal substance. Type III--fusiform cells. From both poles of the perikaryon 2-3 thick dendrites originate which first bifurcate and next give off 2-3 branches. At each pole of the cell there is a separate dendritic field having a stream-like form. The axon arises from the lateral surface of the perikaryon. The tigroidal substance has a form of elongate bands. Type IV--rounded cells. Three thick dendrites are concentrated at one pole of the cell. The dendrites give off collaterals and ramify. The dendritic field has a stream-like form. The axon emerges from the perikaryon, a long distance from the dendrites. Thick granules of the tigroidal substance are evenly distributed in the cell.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Corticosteroid hormones in the blood and adrenals of the aurochs Bison bonasus].

Using thin-layer chromatography, studies have been made on corticosteroids in the aurochs Bison bonasus. Hydrocortison, corticosteron, aldosteron, 11-dehydrocorticosteron and 11-deoxycorticosteron were found in the suprarenals. Besides these hormones, the blood of the aurochs contains cortison, 17-oxy-11-deoxycorticosteron ("S" compounds) and unidentified fraction. Compounds revealed in the blood of the aurochs were also found in the bison and ox. The ratio of hydrocortison to corticosteron together with 11-dehydro- and 11-deoxycorticosteron is equal to 0.42 +/- 0.06 in the suprarenals and to 0.34 +/- 0.01 in the blood.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2003

The vascular lesions of a cow and bison with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever contain ovine herpesvirus 2-infected CD8(+) T lymphocytes.

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a herpesvirus disease syndrome of ruminants. The microscopic pathology of MCF is characterized by lymphoid proliferation and infiltration, necrotizing vasculitis and epithelial necrosis. Because previous attempts to detect viral antigen or nucleic acids in lesions have been unsuccessful, the pathogenesis of the lesions in acute MCF has been speculated to involve mechanisms of autoimmunity and lymphocyte dysregulation. In this study, the vascular lesions in the brains of a cow and a bison with acute MCF were evaluated by in situ PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the predominant infiltrating cell type in these lesions was CD8(+) T lymphocytes and that large numbers of these cells were infected with ovine herpesvirus 2. The lesions also contained macrophages, but no detectable CD4(+) or B lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Emergency response planning for anthrax outbreaks in bison herds of northern Canada: a balance between policy and science.

Anthrax outbreaks in northern Canada have implications for ongoing recovery efforts for the threatened wood bison and may pose a health risk to humans, other wildlife, and domestic livestock. RWED and WBNP maintain Anthrax Emergency Response Plans (AERPs) for their respective jurisdictions. An AERP is a pre-planned logistical framework for responding effectively and rapidly to an outbreak so as to minimize spread of the disease, reduce environmental load of spores available for future outbreaks, and minimize risk to public health. In this paper, we describe the main components of an AERP and outline areas for future research.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison.

The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.

Alaska↗
PubMed2006

Antimicrobial susceptibility and characterization of Salmonella isolates from processed bison carcasses.

Seventeen Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar isolates recovered from bison were found to possess a range of virulence genes and resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin simultaneously. A 1-kb class 1 integron containing the aadA1 gene was identified in all isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis found that all isolates were closely related, indicating the possibility of cross-contamination during processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Management practices to minimise infectious and parasitic diseases of farmed and ranched cervids and bison.

The game farming and ranching industries have evolved in the late 20th century from earlier domestication efforts in many parts of the world. Preventing transmissions of infectious diseases to, between and from farmed and ranched cervids and bison involves management components similar to those used for other species of domestic livestock. Fencing, handling systems, individual identification, knowledge of the biology of the species and potential pathogens, disease testing, quarantine and vaccination all serve to control the possible negative effects of disease on the commercial success of an operation.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2002

Viral, parasitic and prion diseases of farmed deer and bison.

The most important viral disease of farmed deer and bison is malignant catarrhal fever. The other herpesviruses which have been isolated from these species are briefly described. Other viral agents that are recognised in these animals, including adenovirus, parapox, foot and mouth disease, bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, bovine virus diarrhoea, rotavirus and coronavirus, are also discussed. Ectoparasites of importance in this group in various parts of the world include a variety of ticks, as well as lice, keds, Oestridae, mange mites and fire ants. Helminth parasites include liver flukes (Fascioloides and Fasciola), gastrointestinal nematodes of the family Trichostrongylidae, pulmonary lungworms of the genus Dictyocaulus and extra-pulmonary lungworms of the family Protostrongylidae. Chronic wasting disease is principally important in North America, where the disease occurs in wild cervids in a limited area and has been reported in farmed deer in a small number of states in the United States of America and one province in Canada. These diseases are summarised in terms of their classification, epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and control.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Bacterial diseases of farmed deer and bison.

The most important aerobic bacterial diseases of farmed deer and bison include bovine tuberculosis, Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), yersiniosis, leptospirosis, brucellosis, pasteurellosis, anthrax, salmonellosis and colibacillosis. Anaerobic bacterial infections affecting the same animals include necrobacillosis and a number of clostridial diseases such as tetanus, blackleg, malignant oedema and pulpy kidney. The relative importance of these diseases will vary throughout the world according to timing and circumstance, but bovine tuberculosis and Johne's disease are likely to present the most significant problems with respect to diagnosis, control, trade in live animals and the establishment of wildlife reservoirs of infection. The authors summarise the aetiology, the principal species of animal affected, geographical distribution, transmission, clinical signs, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and control of these diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The morphology and cell structure of some nuclei in tuberal region of bison bonasus.

The topography, shape and cell structure of the ventromedial, dorsomedial and infundibular nuclei in aurochs hypothalamus were studied on the basis of standard histological preparations. These nuclei are uniform cell bands. Nucleus infundibularis is the longest centre in tuberal region and enter the mamillary area. Its posterior part has maximum size. The ventromedial nucleus is outlined and developed best. It is typical ring-shaped in anterior half of its length. The dorsomedial nucleus is developed best in its middle sector. There is no clear border between Dm and Ni. Comparing the topography and structure of Ni, Vm and Dm of bison with analogic centres of other mammals, it was found that have more common features with these nuclei in breeding domestic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Types of neurons in the nucleus ruber of the European bison. Klüver-Barrea and Golgi studies.

The studies were carried out on the mesencephalons of 4 European bison Preparations were made by means of Golgi impregnation and Klüver-Barrera method. Three types of neurons were distinguished in the red nucleus: 1. Large multipolar (perikaryons 70-105 microns) with 6-8 dendritic trunks which bifurcate twice and next give thin collaterals. 2. Small multipolar neurons (perikaryons 30-40 microns). These cells send 4-6 thick dendritic trunks. Most of the primary dendritic trunks bifurcate once. The remaining ones gives off only thin collaterals 3. Small triangular neurons (perikaryons 30-40 microns) with 3 thick dendritic trunks arising conically from perikaryons. Dendritic trunks bifurcate once near of the cell body. In all types of red nucleus neurons the axons arise directly from the surface of the perikaryons.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Immunolocalization of PTHrP in prepubertal and pubertal testis of European bison.

The present study deals with immunohistochemical localization of PTHrP in prepubertal and pubertal testis of European bison. PTHrP immunoreactivity was observed in germinal cells in the testis of both prepubertal and pubertal animals. In calves, PTHrP was found in germinal cells, in seminiferous tubules lacking the lumen. The reaction was strong and regularly distributed within the cytoplasm. In adult animals, the reaction showed differentiation in spermatogenic cells. Some cells were strongly and diffusely stained, others exhibited weaker reaction of granular pattern. Sertoli cells and Leydig cells were PTHrP-negative in calves and adult animals.

Animals↗