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Results for “Biochemistry”

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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The development of biochemistry in the 20th century.

This lecture consists of a short appraisal of some of the main features that have characterized the growth of biochemistry during the course of the 20th century. It dwells on the early impacts of vitalism, the emergence and elucidation of the vitamins, the discovery of coenzymes, the concept of active centres of enzymes, the development of experimental techniques (including the use of isotopes), the genetic code, and on the development of molecular biology and closely allied fields of investigation. It concludes with a consideration of the influence of the study of membranes and of neurochemistry on current biochemical thought.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

On various possibilities in pulsed radiation biochemistry and chemistry.

Several experiments are described that relate to the application of new regimes of radiation action on enzymes in vitro and some other materials. These regimes have recently come into practice due to the appearance of a new generation of devices with very short high-energy pulses of ionizing radiation. It is shown that the term "flash radiation biochemistry" in its perfect sense has to be used at the condition of the overlapping individual effective interaction microvolumes (e.g. spurs and blobs) realized during a time interval (radiation pulse duration) that is low compared with the corresponding physical-chemical process. In this situation a number of unexpected effects occur at very low absolute doses. These processes are analyzed in terms of their non-stationary and non-diffusive developments.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1994

Training and education in clinical biochemistry in the United Kingdom.

In the United Kingdom, clinical biochemistry is practised by medical and non-medical graduates. Their training is postgraduate, led by the profession and has a strong vocational orientation. Although there is considerable overlap between the training of medical and non-medical graduates, each group has a different career structure and different training requirements. The training of non-medical biochemists has recently been restructured. Their new training programme is described in detail; for comparison, the training of medical graduates is outlined.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1994

Education and clinical biochemistry in Australia.

Education of clinical biochemists within Australia occurs primarily after the individual has attained a primary degree (Science or Applied Science) and is employed within a clinical laboratory, public or private. In the case of medical graduates, professional education is conducted under the auspices of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia and results in the successful candidate obtaining the status of Fellow of that professional body. While scientists have a number of means of obtaining postgraduate qualifications in clinical biochemistry it is the Membership and Fellowship examinations of the Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists (AACB) which have greatest recognition within the profession. The majority of the continuing education of, and training programmes for, clinical biochemists are undertaken by the AACB. Currently, there are no formal registration requirements for laboratory scientists within Australia.

Australia↗
PubMed1992

A compendium of reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology published in the second half of 1991.

A compendium of reviews and mini-reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology published in the second half of 1991 is presented. In all 880 titles are listed from 108 different publications. This compendium presents the references by journal name--the most suitable format for a hardcopy of this information. Keywords have been included with each reference to increase the value of the collection. Keyword and author cross-reference indexes are not included but are available in the electronic database from which this version was constructed. Should anyone wish to have this information in electronic form it can be distributed on MS-DOS formatted floppy disks in either Reference Manager or Medline format. The author should be contacted for details of the number of pre-formatted floppy disks required.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

A compendium of reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology published in the first half of 1992.

1. A compendium of reviews and mini-reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology published in the first half of 1992 is presented. In all 499 titles are listed from 95 different publications. 2. This compendium presents the references by Journal Name. Keywords have been included with each reference to increase the value of the collection. Keyword and author cross-reference indexes are not included but are available in the electronic database from which this version was constructed. Should anyone wish to have this information in electronic form it can be distributed on MS-DOS formatted floppy disks in either Reference Manager or Medline format. The author should be contacted for details of the number of preformatted floppy disks required.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

A compendium of reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology published in the second half of 1992.

1. A compendium of reviews and mini-reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology published in the second half of 1992 is presented. In all 776 titles are listed from 108 different publications. 2. This compendium presents the references by Journal Name. Keywords have been included with each reference to increase the value of the collection. Keyword and author cross-reference indexes are not included but are available in the electronic database from which this version was constructed. Should anyone wish to have this information in electronic form it can be distributed on MS-DOS formatted floppy disks in either Reference Manager or Medline format. The author should be contacted for details of the number of preformatted floppy disks required.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

A compendium of reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology published in the first half of 1993.

1. A compendium of reviews and mini-reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology published in the first half of 1993 is presented. In all 554 titles are listed from 103 different publications. 2. This compendium presents the references by Journal Name. Keywords have been included with each reference to increase the value of the collection. Keyword and author cross-reference indexes are not included but are available in the electronic database from which this version was constructed. Should anyone wish to have this information in electronic form it can be distributed on MS-DOS formatted floppy disks in either Reference Manager or Medline format. The author should be contacted for details of the number of preformatted floppy disks required.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A compendium of reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology published in the second half of 1993.

1. A compendium of reviews and mini-reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology published in the second half of 1993 is presented. In all 1063 titles are listed from 127 different publications. 2. This compendium presents the references Journal by Journal. Keyword and author cross-reference indexes are not included but are available in the computer database that is the companion to this paper version. The electronic form contains details of reviews published since 1990 as listed in this and earlier compendia. Anyone wishing to receive this database should contact the author: it can be distributed either via Internet or on MS-DOS formulated floppy disks in either Reference Manager or Medline format. Please contact the author for details of the number of pre-formatted floppy disks required.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

The impact of biochemistry, bioavailability and bioactivity on the selection of bioremediation techniques.

A wide range of bioremediation strategies is being developed to treat contaminated soils. Selecting the most appropriate strategy to treat a specific site can be guided by considering three basic principles: the amenability of the pollutant to biological transformation to less toxic products (biochemistry); the accessibility of the contaminant to microorganisms (bioavailability); and the opportunity for optimization of biological activity (bioactivity).

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

PC-based molecular modeling in the classroom: applications to medicinal chemistry and biochemistry.

Among the most difficult aspects of medicinal chemistry and biochemistry for the student to master are the three-dimensional (3D) nature of drugs and bio-organic substances and the interaction of these substances with 3D targets. Compounding this problem is the fact that such relationships are very difficult to illustrate in a lecture or discussion format. While skeletal molecular models serve a useful role in the learning process, the techniques of PC-based desktop molecular visualization provide a more powerful and effective alternative to the lecture format. These techniques can be implemented on standard MS-DOS PC hardware using one of the commonly available data projection systems. The approach has found considerable use in several areas, including the generation of computer-based lecture aids, the illustration of the molecular shapes of drugs and biochemical structures, the superposition and comparison of drug substances with common pharmacophores, and the illustration of enzyme-substrate interactions. Another related technique, molecular animation, has proven to be quite successful at illustrating the essentials of enzyme mechanisms in the classroom. The "film clips" resulting from this technique may have use beyond the classroom, and further work in this area is underway.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1995

The structure, biochemistry, and metabolism of osteoarthritic cartilage: a review of the literature.

PURPOSE: To understand the possible significance of the presence of proteases, cytokines, growth factors, and arachidonic acid metabolites in the osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the pathogenesis of TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) is discussed, based on knowledge of structure, biochemistry and metabolism of osteoarthritic cartilage in general, and a classification of TMJ OA is presented.

Arachidonic Acids↗
PubMed2006

The face of Latin American comparative biochemistry and physiology.

Latin America has experienced a vigorous growth in scientific production since the 1990s, rising from 1.7% of the world's share of science publications in 1990 to 3.2% in 2000. This appears to be a consequence of increasing investment in tertiary education, especially at the doctoral level. However, such growth is not homogeneous among the nations of Latin America, being affected by many issues, such as economical power and expenses in science and technology. Biology--including comparative biochemistry and physiology (CBP)--is one of the scientific areas of tremendous growth in the continent. Thus, in order to celebrate the increasing participation of Latin America in the field of CBP, the editorial board of Comp. Biochem. Physiol. decided to organize a special volume dedicated to Latin American authors (CBP-Latin America). From May to November 2005, 52 manuscripts were submitted to CBP-Latin America from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela. This opening issue contains the first two dozen manuscripts, highlighting the diversity of experimental approaches and the breadth and uniqueness of the biological systems available to researchers in Latin America. We hope that the CBP-Latin America project becomes a significant editorial initiative, one that will meet the goals of highlighting, integrating, and mapping CBP research in Latin America.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

Glycosyl transfer: a history of the concept's development and view of its major contributions to biochemistry.

Humans have fewer protein-coding genes than expected for all the inherent complexities of development. Supplementary factors include the post-translational modification of proteins by glycosylation. The latter term plus transglycosylation, glycosyltransferases, and 'to glycosylate' are used in biochemistry as though they always existed. Instead they have a history that can bring new insights in this science area to younger investigators. The present account describes five decades of findings and ideas on enzymic saccharide synthesis leading, finally to a rational theory that will surely continue to serve the biosciences well in the future.

Biochemistry↗
PubMed1985

Some problems in the usage of Gibbs free energy in biochemistry.

The usage of Gibbs free energy (G) in biochemistry is examined critically. The textbook formulation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics as applied to chemically-reacting systems is reviewed. Cognizance of the established theory and terminology of chemical thermodynamics leads to the conclusion that the symbol "delta G", as used in most biochemical calculations of free-energy change (e.g. in freeze-clamp study of steady-state metabolic processes), is erroneous. The instantaneous change, symbolized by the expression (delta G/delta xi) (with xi the degree of advancement of the reaction), is seen to be the correct form for describing the thermodynamic quality of the reactions of cell metabolism. Mathematical and graphical analysis of a sample reaction demonstrates the fundamental difference between delta G and (delta G/delta xi). Some problems in the application and interpretation of free-energy change in biochemical systems are reviewed: (1) Advances in protein dynamics have revealed the free-energy linkage properties of the enzyme molecule in binding/catalytic events of catalysis, demanding that we view the thermodynamics of elementary enzyme reactions with a finer eye. (2) The reality of metabolic microenvironments in vivo leads to equivocation in the significance of free-energy changes measured under macroscopic conditions in vitro. (3) The physicochemical character of reaction dynamics in the living cell may in some cases exceed the domain of validity of such thermodynamic state functions as Gibbs free energy.

Biochemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

Head and neck paragangliomas: physiology and biochemistry.

Paragangliomas of the head and neck are derivatives of neural crest cells, comprising part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Indeed, paragangliomas encompass a unique subset of tumors of the head and neck. Their biochemistry and physiology are similar to other neuroendocrine tumors unlike tumors based on location. This article discusses their distinct biologic attributes.

Biochemical Phenomena↗