[Reactions involving aluminum oxides. 3. Reactions of propanal and benzaldehyde with aluminum oxide].
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Nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a challenging task in radiochemistry. Therefore, a thorough evaluation and optimisation of this step is needed to provide a satisfactory tool for the routine preparation of [(18)F]fluorinated aromatic amino acids. Two methods, already proposed elsewhere, were evaluated and improved. The yields for the radiofluorination were increased whereas activity loss during solid phase extraction was observed. Radiochemical yields for the two methods were 92.7+/-5.5% (method 1) and 92.1+/-12.3% (method 2) for conversion and 11.1+/-2.8% (method 1) and 34.8+/-0.6% (method 2) for purification, respectively. In total, we demonstrate an optimised method for the preparation of this important class of [(18)F]fluorinated synthons for PET.
A series of multi-substituted oximes were prepared and their potencies for inhibiting lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) activity were evaluated in vitro. Among them, compounds 3a, 3b, and 3m were identified to display a micromolar potency for inhibiting Lp-PLA(2) in whole human plasma and isolated human LDL. Based on these results, structure-activity relationship was studied on modification of three parts of R(1), R(2), and R(3) to identify a potent pharmacophore for Lp-PLA(2). In an attempt to introduce various functional groups at R(2) and R(3), we discovered that replacement of less lipophilic groups led to an increase of inhibitory activity. Among the tested oxime derivatives, cyano- and morpholino-substituted analogue 4f at R(2) and R(3) had the highest potency with an IC(50) value of 0.05 microM in whole human plasma.
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The Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of p-, m- and o-nitrobenzamides, p-, m- and o-nitrobenzaldehydes and p-, m- and o-nitrotoluenes were recorded. Raman polarisation measurements were made for the liquid samples. A normal coordinate analysis was carried out for both in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations of these molecules using 111-parameter modified valence force field. The force constants were refined using 316 frequencies of nine molecules in an overlay least-square technique. The reliability of the force constants was tested by making a zero-order calculation for nine related molecules. Unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals were made by using the potential energy distributions and eigen vectors.
A zero-order normal coordinate analysis of both the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations was made for p-, m- and o-methylbenzaldehydes; 3,5-dichloro-p-anisamide; 3,5-dibromo-p-anisamide; 4-chloro-3-nitrotoluene; 2-bromo-4-nitrotoluene and 2-bromo-5-nitrotoluene by transferring the force constants obtained before hand. The observed and calculated frequencies agreed reasonably well demonstrating the transferability of the force field. On the basis of calculated potential energy distributions and eigen vectors, several assignments suggested by earlier workers have been revised.
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