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PubMed1992

[Vocal audiometry: the "phonatome" recognition test. Principle, technique, initial results].

Whereas tonal audiometry makes it possible to analyze the elementary deficits of hearing, vocal audiometry enables an overall synthetic assessment of these deficits. The vocal material usually used is composed of lists of sentences, words, logatomes or even phonemes. The authors suggest resorting to lists of phonetically balanced phonatomes or diphonemes. Among the advantages this technique offers, are the rapidity of the test, the excellent representativity of the most informative acoustic components of speech and the elimination of the extralinguistic factors of speech recognition.

Audiometry, Speech↗

PubMed1977

[Evoked response audiometry and vestibular examinations in patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].

A possible involvement of the VIII cranial nerve in Multiple Sklerosis was investigated. 15 of the 135 MS-patients were tested by evoked response audiometry (ERA) and vestibular examinations. Only a central nystagmus, central vertigo and coordination disorder were seen. Lesions of the peripheral vestibular system and pathological data of the evoked response audiometry were not found.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Otoacoustic emission audiometry in neonates and adults].

The authors discuss the clinical use of the otoacoustic emission audiometry. During the physiological process of sound amplification in the cochlea vibration energy escapes from the inner ear. By the analysis of this sound it is possible to gain information about the function of the cochlea. According to the experiences of the authors the method is extremely useful for screening audiometry in pathological and normal neonates. In adults it can be used for monitoring the cochlear function during ototoxic therapy or noise exposure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Results of audiometry screening in adolescent workers].

Results of screening audiometry of male youths aged 16 to 25 (n = 3969) in occupations from metallurgy, machine-building industry and traffic are demonstrated. Part of persons they have hearing loss between 5 to 10 percent increases from 2.8% of pupils before starting vocational training to 4.5% or 7.1% of apprentices and 9.7% of skilled workers. The incidence of persons with respective without middle ear inflammation in anamnesis only differ in stages about 20 percent hearing loss. It shows sensitivity of screening audiometry nevertheless there are possibilities of mistakes. Adolescents already may show measurable hearing loss in connection with professional and nonprofessional expositions as well as individual dispositions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Brain stem evoked response audiometry in neonates.

Brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA) was performed in 50 normal full term newborn infants (25 male, 25 female) to generate normative data base for this age group. The stimuli of 30 dB, 40 dB and 80 dB nHL (normal hearing level) intensities were delivered to each subjects. 30 dB stimulus failed to produce clear wave patterns, whereas upto six vertex positive waves were recognised among which waves I, III and V were commonly present. The absolute latencies of waves I and V at 40 dB nJL were 2.54 +/- 0.21 msec and 7.56 +/- 0.26 msec and at 80 dB nHL these were 2.06 +/- 0.15 msec and 7.09 +/- 0.17 msec respectively. I-V interpeak latencies (IPL) were 5.02 +/- 0.13 msec at 40 dB and 5.03 +/- 0.13 at 80 dB nHL. The latencies of waves I and V were decreased with the increase of intensity of stimuli with the rate of 0.012 msec/dB, bit I-V IPL, i.e., central conduction time remained almost constant. There were no statistically significant differences in the brain stem auditory evoked responses between male and female subjects. Brain stem evoked response audiometry is objective and reliable for hearing screening in neonates.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗

PubMed1989

Insert earphones for audiometry: applications, advantages, and limitations.

The measurement of hearing sensitivity during audiometry requires precise presentation of auditory stimuli. In most cases, these stimuli are introduced to the listener via standard earphones. Technical problems associated with these earphones have troubled clinicians for years. An alternative earphone system for audiometry was introduced that uses shoulder-worn transducers with inserts for connection with the external auditory canal. Although insert earphones are not intended to supplant standard earphones, experimental evidence and clinical observations support the advantageousness of these earphones under a variety of clinical conditions.

Audiometry↗

PubMed1978

Acoustic neuroma: results of brain stem evoked response audiometry.

Brain stem evoked response (BER) audiometry presents abnormal findings in patients with acoustic neuromas. The test involves averaging of recordings at the vertex as sound-triggered nerve impulses travel from the cochlea to the brain stem. From the time the sound stimulus arrives at the cochlea until it reaches the first major brain stem synapse (within 10 milliseconds), five major waves have been identified as typical of normal averaged responses. Abnormality in the cochlea or eighth nerve causes specific changes in pattern, primarily in wave latency. These latency shifts can be used to predict the site of the lesion. In evaluating 17 lesions of the cerebellopontine angle, BER audiometry was accurate in the diagnosis of all of the tumors. This diagnostic tool should play a prominent role when acoustic tumor is suspected.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Electric response audiometry in retrocochlear hearing disorders].

The intensive clinical use of Electric Response Audiometry (ERA) has recently improved the diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss. The Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEP) allow a precise topodiagnosis of the whole auditory system. However, specific limitations of the different potentials (cochlear, neural, brainstem, thalamic, cortical) have to be considered to avoid an overestimation of ERA. Based on the author's own material of more than 3500 recordings, most cases of a retrocochlear hearing loss are located at the auditory nerve and the brainstem. Therefore, brainstem electric response audiometry (BERA) and electrocochleography (ECoG) are the two most important methods of ERA. Typical Brainstem AEP (BAEP) features of retrocochlear disorders are shown. They are of different diagnostic value. A prolongation of the central conduction time or a break down of the later BAEP, both unequivocal signs of a retrocochlear lesion, were found in only 62 per cent of 100 cases of acoustic neuroma. However, diagnostic sensitivity can be improved to 96 per cent by additional use of ECoG and electrical promontory testing of the excitability of the auditory nerve. This value cannot be attained by any other audiometric test. These results show that BERA and ECoG are essential screening methods of high sensitivity in the differential diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss. Additional values for diagnostic specificity and efficacy are also given in comparison with a group of patients initially suspected of having a cerebellopontine angle tumour. These values exceed those of conventional audiometric tests by far. Therefore, BERA and ECoG are reliable predictors of a retrocochlear lesion and can be judged as the best indicators for a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging at present.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗

PubMed1987

Reliability of industrial audiometry as a screening method for incipient noise-induced hearing loss.

Pure-tone audiometry is at present regarded as the best available method in industry for the monitoring of noise-induced occupational hearing loss. The legal obligations and guidelines regarding this procedure are discussed in respect of the situation in the RSA and in other countries, and problems resulting from the time-growth curve for noise-induced hearing loss are emphasised. A survey of audiometric tests performed on 47 healthy men aged 20-41 years exposed to noise levels of 85-92 dB for at least 5 years is reported. The results of this survey reveal the limitations of audiometric monitoring. Some recommendations are made which would take account of these limitations and thus increase the reliability of audiometry in industry.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[The semiautomatic speech audiometry (author's transl)].

In co-operation with the Viennatone Company we developed an apparatus to perform a "semiautomatic speech audiometry (SAS)". The patient is instructed to repeat the understood words into a cassette recorder when a signal lamp is on. The sequence of the test including the attenuation of intensities and a programmed change of the ear to be tested is automatically controlled. The evaluation of the patient's answers can be carried out by the assistent at any time that is suitable. The advantages of the SAS are a gain in time and the fact that during the test performance the assistent is free to pursue other activities. With the means of the SAS the possibility is now available to perform speech audiometry in very well frequented surgeries of specialists. In a surgery the apparatus was tested in 700 patients with success.

Audiometry↗

PubMed1979

Clinical experience with brain stem audiometry performed under general anesthesia.

Hearing tests were given to 22 difficult-to-test children using brain stem audiometry performed under general anesthesia. The effect of halothane and sodium thiopental on the brain stem response was assessed as well as the feasibility of using this technique with a difficult-to-test population. No effect on brain stem responses was observed to various levels of anesthesia. Successful hearing tests were carried out on all the children and results were helpful in their management. Brain stem audiometry perfromed under general anesthesia appears to be an effective and helpful technique for testing challenging diagnostic cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Early detection of otosclerosis by impedance-audiometry screening.

The basis of the early detection of otosclerosis is dual: first, a better knowledge of the mechanism of the disease itself, which is of enzymatic origin, and the starting point of which is an antigen-antibody conflict between the otic capsule and the embryonic cartilaginous remnants; - second, the fact that the otospongiotic disease appears to be a genetic deafness with an autosomal inheritance and about 40% of genes penetrance. Consequently an early detection is absolutely essential to combat the disease at its beginning and to assure its prevention. The early diagnosis of the otospongiotic/otosclerotic disease is twofold: first, the early detection of stapedial fixation is given by systematic impedance-audiometry screening on school-children by means of stapedius reflex elicitation in order to detect a possible diphasic impedance change (on-off effect); - second, the early diagnosis of progressive cochlear deterioration is yielded through systematic bone-conducted audiometry testing in young children in families with an otospongiotic/otosclerotic history.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗

PubMed1978

Electric response audiometry: clinical applications.

Electric response audiometry is an exciting new development in the field of otology. At the present time it is the best objective audiometric test for predicting the threshold in infants or uncooperative patients. Brain stem audiometry is a valuable addition to the audiologic test battery for acoustic tumor diagnosis. Electrocochleography offers a means for the study of the function of the inner ear and the differentiation of types of sensorineural hearing impairment.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1983

[Audiometry by parents. Informal hearing testing by parents].

The parent audiometry deals with an informal hearing test administered by the parents, which is suitable for infants and small children (up to two years of age) with high degrees or unclear hearing damages. In such cases, the parents should record their multiple to be repeated behavioral observations in a delivered scheme. The binaural hearing ability is tested in distances up to ten meters for low, middle, and high sounds and ringings. The results of the parent audiometry are integrated in the subjective and objective investigation findings and alleviate the pedaudiological longitudinal judgment of children with hearing damages. The work is conceived in reference to the practicing otologist; however, the assistance of the parents is not to be disregarded concerning early recognition and early diagnosis of children with hearing damages.

Audiometry↗

PubMed1982

[Newborn-audiometry. Review and recent experiences (author's transl)].

After a survey concerning the previous testing methods in Newborn-Audiometry three different examinations are carried out and compared. Thereby the testing by bone conduction is doing best. There are only small intensities necessary. The results are reproducable well and have small scattering. The investigation makes no high demands to the technical equipment, to the personal appointment and the loss the time. The author supposed that the Newborn-Audiometry by bone conduction is a suitable method as a screening test especially for high risk children.

Audiometry↗

PubMed1978

Speech audiometry.

Two aspects of speech audiometry, namely, the speech reception threshold and the speech discrimination scores, have been discussed in the light of their development and present day administration. Evidence was presented to forego the concept of phonetic balance in discrimination test messages for the preferable attributes of familiarity and equated list difficulty. Campbell's redistribution of the W-22 word lists was proposed as an available solution to one of these parameters. Some delineation of the single "maximal" discrimination score's relation to the prediction of the hearing impaired individual's ability to understand continuous discourse was offered. Diagnostic implications of speech audiometry were not treated.

Audiometry↗

PubMed1994

[Study on the use of multiple choice type test of speech audiometry in Shanghai area].

Using the speech audiometry material worked out by Sheng Ye et al, we performed multiple choice tests on 20 medical students with normal hearing in an attempt to prove the practicability of this material in Shanghai dialect area. The results showed that the equilibrium of the standard Chinese pronunciation word-lists used in Shanghai is not as good as in Beijing. Equilibrium calibration is necessary for Shanghai subjects. Meanwhile, the educational level and psychological state of the subjects and environment of the test may affect the results of the test. Thus a detailed explanation of this method and a pretest with exercise word-list are very important. The results indicate that multiple choice type test of speech audiometry is applicable to the comparison of the hearing level of the same subject and is useful in hearing-aid fitting.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Comparative speech audiometry examinations with compact disk and cassette tape].

We compared the results of speech audiometry, performed with recorded tape and compact disc recordings (CD), respectively, in 21 subjects with bone-conduction hearing losses CHL and 27 subjects with sensorineural hearing losses. In all cases, speech audiometry was performed by using the 1969 Freiburg speech test material based on the German DIN standard 45626. In subjects with air-bone gaps, the hearing loss for speech was 2.3 dB smaller if tested by use of CD and speech recognition was 10.5 points better. Smaller differences could be found in sensorineural HL. For CD, hearing losses were 1.2 dB smaller and speech recognition scores were increased by only 1 point. These differences were not statistically significant. These findings show that calculations of hearing impairments and individual hearing handicaps from tables commonly used in Germany in medicolegal expert evaluations should not be changed if CD records are used that are based on 1969 DIN 4526 recordings. However, the handling of compact discs has many advantages in relation to the handling of tapes.

Adult↗