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Some neurochemical aspects of the depressant action of gamma-butyrolactone on the central nervous system.

gamma-Butyrolactone, a depressant drug of the central nervous system, has been investigated for its ability to alter brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine in mice and rats; of these three compounds, only acetylcholine was changed in amount. Levels of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex were increased by gamma-butyrolactone with a time-course which closely followed the depressed state of the animal. Indirect evidence has been presented to show that in the mid-brain and brain stem the change in acetylcholine level induced by gamma-butyrolactone is sharply localized in an area of the mesencephalon that contains the corpora quadrigemina.

4-Butyrolactone↗

Assessment of a pioneer metabolic information service in Brazil.

The Information Service on Inborn Errors of Metabolism (SIEM), a pioneer toll-free service in both Brazil and South America, is based in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. SIEM has been operating since October 2001 providing support to health care professionals involved in the diagnosis and management of suspected metabolic diseases. We analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 376 consults received and followed in the first two and half years of SIEM. Our results show that the suspicion of a metabolic disease was most often associated with neurological symptoms. Among the consults, 24.4% were eventually confirmed as inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), with organic acidurias and amino acid disorders being the two most frequent diagnostic groups. Our conclusion shows this kind of service to provide helpful support to the diagnosis and acute management of IEM, especially to health professionals working in developing countries who are often far from reference centers.

Brazil↗