Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ADENOIDS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

How do children with adenoid hypertrophy smell and taste? Clinical assessment of olfactory function pre- and post-adenoidectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability to smell and appreciate food in children with adenoid hypertrophy pre and post-adenoidectomy. METHODS: A total of 35 children with adenoid hypertrophy admitted for adenoidectomy (aged 5-9.3 years, mean age 5.9 years) were tested preoperatively. In a follow up appointment 3 months postoperatively, 28 of them returned and were tested again. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children (aged 5-10.2 years, mean age 6.1 years). Orthonasal olfactory function was assessed psychophysically using "Sniffin sticks" 12 item odor identification test. Retronasal olfaction was assessed using a collection of 12 grocery available powders applied to the oral cavity. RESULTS: Both orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function of the study group preoperatively were significantly lower in comparison with the results of the control group (p<0.0001). The difference in retronasal olfaction between groups was significantly higher in comparison with the difference in orthonasal odor identification (p=0.048). There is a strong correlation between adenoid hypertrophy grade and retronasal testing results (t=-5.461, p<0.0001), but not with the orthonasal results (t=-1.677, p=0.9). Significant improvement of orthonasal and retronasal olfaction was observed in the follow-up appointment (p<0.0001). Relative increase postoperatively was higher for the retronasal olfaction compared to orthonasal olfaction (p=0.0029). CONCLUSIONS: Children with adenoid hypertrophy have a reduced ability to smell, with retronasal olfactory function being more affected. Surgery had a greater impact on retronasal olfaction.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed2006

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the buccal vestibule: A case report and review of the literature.

Minor salivary gland tumors of the buccal vestibule are relatively rare. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is the fifth most common salivary gland malignancy following mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), acinic cell adenocarcinoma and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA). Greater than half of adenoid cystic carcinomas occur in the parotid and submandibular glands. The most common intraoral site is the palate. Adenoid cystic carcinoma tends to have a protracted clinical course with wide infiltration and late distant metastases. We present a case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the buccal vestibule in a 59-year-old Caucasian female patient that she had been aware of for 15 years.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed2003

Choroidal metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung.

PURPOSE: We report a case of a choroidal metastasis from an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung. Interventional case report. DESIGN: A 40-year old man, 9 months' status postresection of a bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma, was diagnosed by clinical evaluation and fine-needle aspiration biopsy and treated with palladium-103 ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy. RESULTS: This unusual patient with uveal metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma presented with decreased vision in the right eye and a diaphanous amelanotic choroidal tumor in the superotemporal macula. Ultrasound revealed a dome-shaped tumor that measured 4.0 mm in apical height and 11 x 10 mm in basal diameter. Fluorescein angiography revealed a double circulation and late intense subretinal fluorescence. Plaque brachytherapy provided local control and preservation of the eye. CONCLUSION: Bronchogenic adenoid cystic carcinoma can metastasize to the choroid.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Modern assessment of tonsils and adenoids.

Modern assessment of the tonsils and adenoids is based on an appreciation of new concepts pertaining to the pathogenesis of tonsil and adenoid disease. Recognition of the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing and encapsulated anaerobic bacteria in the tonsils and adenoids should lead to a reconsideration of present therapeutic recommendations for antibiotic therapy in infectious tonsil and adenoid disease. The performance of a precise history, use of a standardized physical examination, and judicious use of laboratory evaluation are all necessary for appropriate patient management and improved communication between the pediatrician and otolaryngologist. Thus, appropriate recommendation for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy will enhance their benefits, and the result will be happier and healthier children.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1987

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast.

Twelve cases of pure adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast were reviewed. Patients ranged in age from 34 to 69 years. Seven carcinomas were in the right breast, and five in the left; five of the 12 were located in the central region of the breast, five in the upper outer quadrant, and the two in the upper inner and lower inner quadrants, respectively. Average diameter of the primary tumors was 2.5 cm (range, 0.7 to 6.0). We graded the tumors according to a system used for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland: five tumors were grade I, six were grade II, and one was grade III. An average of 5 years after diagnosis, all patients with grade I tumors were either alive without evidence of disease or had died of unrelated causes. Among the six patients with grade II tumors, one developed a local recurrence 5 years after diagnosis and subsequent pulmonary metastasis, and one died of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma 13 years after diagnosis. The one patient with grade III tumor had shown metastases in axillary lymph nodes at mastectomy, and she died of disease 2 years later. These findings suggest that the grading of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast may be important in prognosis and treatment selection.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Nutritional evaluation in surgical treatment of children with hypertrophic tonsils and or adenoids.

Eighty seven children, between 2 and 10 years of age were studied. Twenty four had adenotonsillar hypertrophy and underwent surgery (Group I). Fifteen had adenoidal hypertrophy and underwent surgery (Group II). Thirty three had adenotonsillar hypertrophy and not undergo surgery (Group III), and 15 had adenoidal hypertrophy and did not have surgery (Group IV). ENT examination and fiberoptic examination of the adenoids were performed. Height and weight were measured at 2 points, 4 months apart. The heights and weights were marked on the National Center for Health Statistics Percentiles (NCHS) percentiles and the children were classified by Jelliffe's criterions. The results showed children were generally not underweight before surgery (8.8% of the adenotonsillar hypertrophy and 10% of the adenoidal hypertrophy were underweight). In Group I there was a significant increase in growth 4 months after surgery.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1998

Adenoidal and tonsillar lymphocyte subsets in AIDS children.

Tonsils and adenoids are secondary lymphoid organs exposed to the environment. The most important classifications of AIDS include the lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood. We have studied the lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid organs in a control group of children suffering adenotonsillar pathology and in five children with AIDS and the same adenotonsillar pathology. The antigen surface markers were determined by flow cytometry in lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood, and from tonsils and adenoids after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, in the control group and in children diagnosed with AIDS. The most important findings in tonsils and adenoids were a decrease of the total T lymphocytes, helper T lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio; an increase of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, as well as a 200% increase in monocytes of AIDS-affected children. These observations show the value of analyzing the lymphocyte subsets of the tonsils and adenoids of AIDS-affected children, and establishing an earlier relation to clinical symptoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skin is rare. Ten cases from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology were studied. Seven of the 10 cases recurred after initial surgery. The interval between surgery and recurrence ranged from 4 months to 20 years. In one case there was metastasis to lung and pleura. Histologically, cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma is indistinguishable from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland. The diagnostic histologic features and the differentiation of adenoid cystic carcinoma from other cutaneous neoplasms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Neural cell adhesion molecule in adenoid cystic carcinoma invading the skull base.

Neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) are expressed in neuromuscular tissues, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung carcinoma. Adenoid cystic carcinoma may invade the skull by either direct extension or neural involvement, particularly along the second and third divisions of the trigeminal nerve (V2 and V3). Eighteen patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma that invaded the skull base were studied. The tumors were graded into predominantly solid (3), cribriform (11), or tubular-trabecular (4) patterns, and neural involvement was evaluated histologically. Paraffin sections were examined by use of monoclonal antibodies for N-CAM and Ki-67, a proliferation marker, with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Fifteen (83%) tumors showed perineural involvement; in the remaining three cases no nerves were present for histologic examination. Fourteen (93%) of 15 tumors with perineural involvement were reactive with N-CAM. Proliferation, measured by the presence of nuclear Ki-67, was markedly increased in tumors with predominantly solid patterns. We demonstrated that N-CAM is expressed in adenoid cystic carcinoma. The role of N-CAM as a neurodeterminant that facilitates the spread of adenoid cystic carcinoma along nerves, however, remains unanswered and warrants further study.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2003

[Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasopharynx: a case report].

Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare tumor, few cases have been reported in the literature. The aim of this report is to present a new case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasopharynx. We report the case of a 50 years-old woman presenting with an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasopharynx with diffuse pulmonary metastasis. The treatment combined chemotherapy, based on cisplatin and adriamycin drugs, and palliative radiation therapy at the dose of 30 Gy. The patient died 6 months after diagnosis establishment. The best treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma is complete surgical resection but extended resection can be difficult in some locations as nasopharynx. The adjuvant radiation therapy seems to improve local control.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed2001

Effect of N-CAM on in vitro invasion of human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands is characterised by aggressive behaviour, high rate of local recurrences, neurotropism and late metastasis. In a previous work we demonstrated that adenoid cystic carcinoma cultured cells (CAC2 cells) expressed N-CAM. It was suggested that this expression, modulated by extracellular matrix, would be correlated to cell movement. The aim of our study was to verify whether CAC2 cells presented invasion capacity. Moreover, we tested whether the neural adhesion molecule (N-CAM) would participate in this process. CAC2 cells were either previously treated, or not (control), with a monoclonal antibody against N-CAM. Invasion assays were carried out using a modified Boyden chamber (Transwell chamber). CAC2 cells (10(5)) were dispensed into Transwell upper chamber on the top of Matrigel coated filter. The cells that invaded the filters in the first 8 h were counted under light microscopy, yielding data for the invasion rates (%). Control CAC2 cells presented an invasion rate of 5.28+/-0.04%. The invasion rate raised to 6.53+/-0.2% when N-CAM was blocked with monoclonal antibody. N-CAM impaired the adenoid cystic carcinoma cell invasion in vitro. Therefore, we suggest an anti-invasive role for N-CAM in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

The relationship of adenoid weight to tonsillar weight.

Nearly 70 per cent of contemporary ENT consultants perform adenoidectomy as a routine when removing the tonsils. It has been stated in the literature that adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy tend to co-exist and so a study was set up to investigate this hypothesis, with the possibility that it may be of diagnostic importance. A series of 45 children admitted for the operations of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy was investigated. No correlation was found between adenoid weight and tonsil weight. In view of this, it was concluded that tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy do not necessarily co-exist and that tonsil size cannot be used to predict adenoid size.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1985

Adenoid histamine and its possible relationship to secretory otitis media.

We have shown that adenoid tissue contains large amounts of the inflammatory mediator histamine. Children with fluid present in both ears at operation were found to have increased amounts of histamine in their adenoid tissue compared to a group with no signs or symptoms of SOM. Also mouth breathing and nasal obstruction were associated with adenoid histamine content whereas other signs and symptoms were not. No significant differences in adenoid weight were seen between SOM and non SOM patients. Histamine, both free and cell-associated, was found in nasopharyngeal secretions and middle-ear fluid although the source and mechanism of release has not yet been identified. We suggest that the benefits of adenoidectomy in children with SOM may possibly come from removing a potential source of inflammatory mediators in the vicinity of the Eustachian tube.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed2004

Mutations in components of the Wnt signaling pathway in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

The Wnt signaling pathway is essential for normal development and organogenesis. However, inappropriate activation of Wnt signaling, which results in the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, is associated with the development of various types of neoplasm. In this study, we investigated possible mutations in the genes for components of this pathway, namely, CTNNB1 (the gene for beta-catenin), AXIN1, and APC, in adenoid cystic carcinoma, by PCR, analysis of single-strand conformational polymorphism, and sequencing. Among a total of 20 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, seven cases (35%) were associated with mutations in one or more of these three components. A mutation in CTNNB1 was detected in one case. Five cases, including the case with a mutation in CTNNB1, were associated with missense mutations in AXIN1. An aberration in the mutation cluster region of APC was detected in two cases. Mutations trended to be detected more frequently in adenoid cystic carcinoma with solid growth pattern than that with tubular and cribriform growth pattern. In the cases in which we detected mutations, it is possible that the presence of the abnormal products of the mutated genes resulted in the inappropriate activation of the Wnt signaling pathway to tumorigenesis and the growth of adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein↗
PubMed2005

KIT is highly expressed in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, a basal-like carcinoma associated with a favorable outcome.

Recent biological studies have classified breast carcinomas into HER2-overexpressing, estrogen receptor-positive/luminal, basal- and normal-like groups. According to this new biological classification, the objectives of our study were to assess the clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast in order to classify this subtype of breast carcinoma. A total of 18 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified from the Institut Curie files. Clinical information was available for 16 patients with a median follow-up of 6.5 years. Morphologically, all tumors were graded according to the system defined by Kleer and Oberman (histologic and nuclear grade). Immunophenotype was assessed with anti-ER, PR, HER-2, KIT, basal (CK5/6) and luminal cytokeratins (CK8/18) and p63 antibodies. One out of 18 tumors was nuclear grade 1 (16%), nine were nuclear grade 2 (50%) and eight were nuclear grade 3 (44%). All cases were estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2 negative. Epithelial cells were strongly positive around glandular lumina with one or both cytokeratins, identifying the coexistence of CK5/6+ cells, CK5/6 and CK8/18+ cells, CK8/18+ cells and p63+ cells. All cases (100%) were also KIT positive. In all, 15 patients were treated by surgery. Nine of them received adjuvant radiotherapy. Follow-up was available for 16 patients. In all, 14 patients were alive. Two of them, initially treated by surgery only, presented a local recurrence. Two patients died (one of them treated by radiation therapy only died from her disease). Our study shows that adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a special, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2 negative and highly KIT-positive, basal-like breast carcinoma, associated with an excellent prognosis. This highly specific immunophenotype could be useful to differentiate adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast from other subtypes of breast carcinoma such as cribriform carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Age-associated changes in the cellular composition of the human adenoid.

Histological investigations suggest that the size and number of lymphoid follicles of the adenoids and tonsils decrease during ageing. The mechanisms underlying the histological changes are unknown. The authors have analysed the frequency of lymphocyte subpopulations in the adenoids by flow cytometry. The proportion of B lymphocytes decreased and the proportion of T lymphocytes of all mononuclear cells increased with age. Of all B lymphocytes the proportion of CD38+, surface IgD- B lymphocytes representing the germinal centre cell phenotype, decreased and the proportion of CD38-, IgD- B lymphocytes representing the mature B lymphocyte phenotype, increased with age. The expression of CD23, a cell surface molecule associated with activation of follicular mantle IgD+ B lymphocytes, did not change with increasing age. The results imply that the involution of the adenoid is associated with a decreased germinal centre reaction and relative accumulation of mature B cells in the adenoidal tissue, as analysed by three-colour flow cytometry.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2002

Activated T cells in the surface secretion on the adenoid--a flow cytometric study.

We previously demonstrated the presence of leucocytes in the adenoid surface secretion with the ability of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM and IgG production as well as production of cells with phagocytic capacity. In the present study, we investigated the presence of activated T cells in the secretion. Adenoid surface secretion from 12 children subjected to adenoidectomy was obtained with an imprint method. From six children, peripheral blood was also obtained. By flow cytometry, the number of lymphocytes, granulocytes, epithelial cells and red blood cells was analysed as well as the expression on lymphocyte subsets of the following antigens: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD25, CD38, CD45RO, CD45RA, HLA-DR, TcRgd, CD161 and l-selectin. The majority of T cells were activated and to a significantly higher degree were CD45RO+, CD161+ and l-selectin-, as compared with the corresponding peripheral blood. The median percentage of B cells and T cells in the secretion were 81 and 13%, respectively. In conclusion, the proportion of B and T cells in the adenoid surface secretion is significantly different as compared with the peripheral blood. The T cells in the adenoid surface secretion are to a high degree activated. The results suggest that the leucocytes in the surface secretion are part of the mucosal defence.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2001

Experimental model of invasion and metastasis by orthotopic transplantation of oral squamous and adenoid cystic carcinomas into the tongue of nude mice.

Three squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines established from oral cancer, seven specimens of SCC and three of adenoid cystic carcinomas taken from the oral cavity during operations were transplanted into the tongues of nude mice. Metastases to the regional lymph nodes and the lungs were examined histologically. We were able to transplant every cell line or specimen of tissue into the tongue of nude mice, and found that cancer transplanted in the tongue invaded diffusely to the surrounding tissues without forming a capsule, and that the mode of invasion of the transplanted SCC was similar to that of the biopsy specimen of the patient from whom the material had been obtained. We also found that all three of the SCC cell lines, 3 of the 7 SCC specimens and 2 of the 3 adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues metastasized to the regional lymph node. SCC did not metastasize to the lung, but in two of the three adenoid cystic carcinomas we did see micrometastases to the lung. The study indicates that this method can be used as a model of metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma to show the stages of metastasis in cancer.

Animals↗