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PubMed1990

Sequence homology between the subunits of two immunologically and functionally distinct types of fimbriae of Actinomyces spp.

Nucleotide sequencing of the type 1 fimbrial subunit gene of Actinomyces viscosus T14V revealed a consensus ribosome-binding site followed by an open reading frame of 1,599 nucleotides. The encoded protein of 533 amino acids (Mr = 56,899) was predominantly hydrophilic except for an amino-terminal signal peptide and a carboxy-terminal region identified as a potential membrane-spanning segment. Edman degradation of the cloned protein expressed in Escherichia coli and the type 1 fimbriae of A. viscosus T14V showed that both began with alanine at position 31 of the deduced amino acid sequence. The amino acid compositions of the cloned protein and fimbriae also were comparable and in close agreement with the composition of the deduced protein. The amino acid sequence of the A. viscosus T14V type 1 fimbrial subunit showed no significant global homology with various other proteins, including the pilins of gram-negative bacteria. However, 34% amino acid sequence identity was noted between the type 1 fimbrial subunit of strain T14V and the type 2 fimbrial subunit of Actinomyces naeslundii WVU45 (M. K. Yeung and J. O. Cisar, J. Bacteriol. 170:3803-3809, 1988). This homology included several different conserved sequences of up to eight identical amino acids that were distributed in both the amino- and carboxy-terminal thirds of each Actinomyces fimbrial subunit. These findings indicate that the different types of fimbriae on these gram-positive bacteria share a common ancestry.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1994

Transformation of Actinomyces spp. by a gram-negative broad-host-range plasmid.

The gram-negative broad-host-range vector pJRD215 was transferred by electroporation into strains of Actinomyces viscosus or Actinomyces naeslundii at efficiencies which ranged from 10(2) to 10(7) transformants per microgram of plasmid DNA. The Actinomyces transformants expressed pJRD215-encoded resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin. Moreover, the transforming plasmid DNA had not undergone any deletions or rearrangements, nor had it integrated into the genomes of these strains.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of API An-IDENT and RapID ANA II systems for identification of Actinomyces species from clinical specimens.

We compared the accuracy of the An-IDENT system (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) and the RapID ANA II system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.) with that of conventional biochemical tests for the identification of 85 strains of Actinomyces species. In our hands, the overall accuracy of the An-IDENT was 59% and that of the RapID ANA II was 24%. The error rate for the An-IDENT was 18% and that for the RapID ANA II was 38%. The results of this study suggest that although the An-IDENT was more accurate than the RapID ANA II (P < 0.005), neither system, in our hands, was able to identify Actinomyces species with an acceptable degree of accuracy. It is recommended that suspected Actinomyces isolates be identified by conventional testing.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1995

Experience with a novel selective medium for isolation of Actinomyces spp. from medical and dental specimens.

A selective medium containing mupirocin and metronidazole was evaluated for the isolation of Actinomyces spp. from clinical material. The study was a one-year prospective comparison of the method with existing methods, which use nonselective media, at a general hospital and a dental hospital. Significantly more Actinomyces spp. were isolated on the selective medium than on nonselective media from both dental specimens and intrauterine contraceptive devices. However, differentiating between Actinomyces spp. and related nonsporulating gram-positive rods remains a slow and sometimes uncertain process which can introduce lengthy delays in reporting.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1999

Development of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis for identification of Actinomyces species and comparison with pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and conventional biochemical tests.

Identification of Actinomyces spp. by conventional phenotypic methods is notoriously difficult and unreliable. Recently, the application of chemotaxonomic and molecular methods has clarified the taxonomy of the group and has led to the recognition of several new species. A practical and discriminatory identification method is now needed for routine identification of clinical isolates. Amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) was applied to reference strains (n = 27) and clinical isolates (n = 36) of Actinomyces spp. and other gram-positive rods. Clinical strains were identified initially to the species level by conventional biochemical tests. However, given the low degree of confidence in conventional methods, the findings obtained by ARDRA were also compared with those obtained by pyrolysis-mass spectrometry. The ARDRA profiles generated by the combination of HaeIII and HpaII endonuclease digestion differentiated all reference strains to the species or subspecies level. The profiles correlated well with the findings obtained by pyrolysis-mass spectrometry and by conventional tests and enabled the identification of 31 of 36 clinical isolates to the species level. ARDRA was shown to be a simple, rapid, cost-effective, and highly discriminatory method for routine identification of Actinomyces spp. of clinical origin.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2001

Cariogenic actinomyces identified with a beta-glucosidase-dependent green color reaction to Gardenia jasminoides extract.

The oral bacteria Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces viscosus are known to contribute to the initiation and progression of human dental caries, especially root caries. We report that both A. naeslundii and A. viscosus react with a component in the Gardenia jasminoides extract to produce a distinct green product. This green color reaction was found to be dependent on the bacterial beta-glucosidase. The reaction is specific for cariogenic actinomyces, and it can detect as few as 10(4) cells of A. naeslundii and A. viscosus per ml.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1990

Aggregation of Actinomyces strains by extracellular vesicles produced by Bacteroides gingivalis.

The aggregation of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii with extracellular vesicles of Bacteroides gingivalis was studied. Factors influencing the aggregation phenomenon were examined. L-Arginine was found to effectively inhibit aggregation as was an antibody preparation directed against a B. gingivalis surface hemagglutinin. Aggregation occurred over a wide pH range and did not seem to be affected by high salt concentrations or the presence of carbohydrates. Treatment of the vesicle preparation with proteases, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and high temperatures diminished or eliminated aggregation, while similar treatment of the Actinomyces had no effect on aggregation.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2006

Actinomyces israelii may produce vulvar lesions suspicious for malignancy.

BACKGROUND: We present a case of Actinomyces israelii causing vulvar mass suspicious for malignancy in a postmenopausal woman. CASE: A 60 year-old woman presented due to a firm, nonmobile, 10 cm vulvar mass, which had been rapidly enlarging for 5 months. The mass was painful, with localized pruritus and sinus tracts oozing of serosanguinous fluid. Biopsy and cultures revealed a ruptured epidermal inclusion cyst containing granulation tissue and Actinomyces israelii. CONCLUSION: Actinomyces israelii may produce vulvar lesions that are suspicious for malignancy. Thus, biopsies and cultures are both mandatory while evaluating vulvar masses suspicious for malignancy.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1990

Effect of chlorhexidine gel treatment supplemented with chlorhexidine varnish and resin on mutans streptococci and Actinomyces on root surfaces.

The supplementary effect of chlorhexidine varnish and resin on the reappearance of mutans streptococci and Actinomyces spp. on root surfaces after chlorhexidine gel treatment was studied. In 8 subjects with many restored tooth and exposed root surfaces, highly colonized with mutans streptococci, chlorhexidine varnish and resin were applied to the teeth on one side of the mouth and resin alone to the other side. This treatment significantly prolonged the time period of reduced salivary levels of mutans streptococci when added to a preceding period of chlorhexidine gel treatment. In 3 of the 8 subjects, mutans streptococci were undetected for more than 4 weeks after treatment. There was a significant difference between the chlorhexidine varnish/resin side and the resin side for 5 weeks with regard to the mean numbers of mutans streptococci in root surface plaque, whereas for the Actinomyces spp. no significant differences were found. In 2 subjects harboring both Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus, the population of S. sobrinus reappeared more readily in saliva and plaque than S. mutans. The chlorhexidine treatment was less effective in suppressing the population of Actinomyces viscosus/naeslundii than the mutans streptococci.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1986

Actinomyces viscosus colonization of mouse teeth.

The implantation of Actinomyces viscosus strain T14V-J1 was studied in mice in vivo. The optimum age range for implantation was from 40 to 80 days. The minimum infective dose of strain T14V-J1 required for colonization in all inoculated animals (ID100) was 5 X 10(8) CFU for 40-day-old mice and 1 X 10(9) CFU for 100-day-old mice. The high ID100 required for implantation of strain T14V-J1 in these mice is consistent with the finding that tooth surfaces of these animals are not colonized by detectable indigenous Actinomyces. The infection could also be transmitted to non-infected mice housed with infected mice. This in vivo model can be used to evaluate the potential for reducing or preventing Actinomyces colonization on teeth by vaccination with fimbrial adhesins.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2000

Pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis due to Actinomyces sp. in a dog.

Actinomyces sp. are commensal, filamentous, gram-positive, acid-fast-negative bacteria that can cause pyogranulomatous inflammation in animals and humans. Central nervous system (CNS) disease is a rare presentation of actinomycosis and is usually due to extension from infected wounds or seeding from distant sites. A dog with progressive, poorly localized neurologic signs had primary CNS actinomycosis without history or evidence of previous trauma or other organ involvement. Histologically, there was a severe pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional filamentous bacteria that were also visible on cytology of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) postmortem. Actinomyces sp. was cultured postmortem from the CSF, confirming the diagnosis. This case demonstrates that Actinomyces sp. can be a causative agent of primary CNS disease in dogs.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1999

Effects of mutans streptococci, Actinomyces species and Porphyromonas gingivalis on collagen degradation.

BACKGROUND: While Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces spp are considered to be major pathogenic microorganisms of root caries, their roles in the degradation of organic matrix components of human root dentin need clarification. METHODS: Ten laboratory strains and 11 clinical isolates of mutans streptococci and Actinomyces species, and positive bacterial or purified enzyme controls (Porphyromonas gingivalis whole cell lysates, trypsin or clostridial collagenase) were used to establish the degradation of azocollagen (AC), insoluble type I collagen (IC) or human dentin collagen (DC) from dentin powder in two types of experiments investigating collagenolytic activity either during or after bacterial growth. Ultraviolet-irradiated dentin powder and gamma-irradiated IC were used to assess the collagenolytic activity of test strains during bacterial growth. AC, IC and acid-treated dentin powder were used to determine the collagenolytic activity of sonicated bacterial whole cells and cell-free culture supernatants recovered from test strains after growth. Hydroxyproline or spectrophotometric assays were used to analyze the level of degraded collagen. RESULTS: Data from this study showed that in contrast to the positive controls, none of the laboratory strains or clinical isolates elicited significant degradation of AC, IC or DC. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that mutans streptococci and Actinomyces species had no significant collagenolytic activity, but may be involved in the root caries process through other mechanisms. In addition, proteolytic enzymes from other oral bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis or from host cells such as neutrophils may also participate in the pathogenesis of root caries.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1975

Untraditional glucose fermenting actinomycetes as human pathogens. Part I: Actinomyces naselundii as a cause of abdominal actinomycosis.

Actinomyces naeslundii was proved as a primary pathogen in the case of a fulminant abdominal infection of a 74 aged woman. The preliminary diagnosis of actinomycosis based on direct microscopical findings of microgranules in the pus was confirmed by the results of cultivation and casuistry in addition. The case was of a typical course for actinomycosis and penicillin following surgery was of life saving effect for the patient who was dismissed asymptomatic after 55 days of hospitalization. Actinomycotic microgranules were demonstrated in the pus from the natural infection and from experimentally infected mice and the causative agent Actinomyces naeslundii TR 91/67 was defined. Nevertheless it was concluded that the judgment of the pathogenicity of Actinomyces naeslundii and of the other members of the heterogenous group of etiological agents of human actinomycosis still remains a matter of delicacy in any actual case of their isolation. In practice however, the presumption of actinomycotic etiology of an actual infection may be supported in retrospect by the dramatical effect of penicillin without regard to the presence of concomitant microflora not necessarily sensitive to penicillin.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2006

A correlation between age and Actinomyces in the adenotonsillar tissue of children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of actinomyces in adenotonsillar disease, recurrent infections, or tonsillar hypertrophy in children. The study included 64 patients, ranging in age from 2 to 16 years, who had elective adenotonsillar surgery to treat either adenotonsillar hypertrophy (36 children) or recurrent adenotonsillitis (28 children). Adenotonsillar Actinomyces was present in 30 children (48%). No statistical significance was found between Actinomyces and recurrent adenotonsillitis or adenotonsillar hypertrophy. However, there was a statistically significant relationship identified between the presence of actinomycosis and age, with a greater occurrence of actinomycosis in children between 5 and 16 years old.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1991

Median rhomboid glossitis: secondary to colonisation of the tongue by Actinomyces (a case report).

Median rhomboid glossitis is an inflammatory lesion of the tongue, now believed to be secondary to candidiasis. We document a case of median rhomboid glossitis with heavy colonisation by Actinomyces in a 60-year-old male. We propose that Actinomyces, like Candida, induces pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the mucosa of the tongue and florid inflammatory hyperplasia of the underlying connective tissue, resulting in the characteristic elevated lesion. Actinomyces has not earlier been implicated as a cause of median rhomboid glossitis.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of Actinomyces on an IUD--consequences?].

Smears from 210 removed IUD's were taken in order to investigate them on actinomycetes. In 20 cases (9.5%) agglomeration of filaments and spores of actinomyces were found. All patients were free of complaints. During the control curettage carried out later on only in one of the cases actinomyces were found in the endometrium. Signs of serious inflammation couldn't be proved. In cases without any complaints no clinical consequences are to be followed after having found actinomyces on the removed IUD.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1980

[Reciprocal in vitro actions of Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces and Veillonella: a simplified model for carbohydrate metabolism in plaque].

Different acids can be found in vitro, if glucose is metabolized in plaque or by different combinations or oral bacteria: 1. Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces do not show interactions concerning metabolism and formed acids. 2. Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella after short incubation time produce lactate; after long time of incubation acetic and propionic acid are main products and lactic acid diminishes. 3. Actinomyces and Veillonella react similar to Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella. Succinate produced by Actinomyces is fully utilized by Veillonella.

Actinomyces↗