Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ABDOMEN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Perforated GIST of the small intestine as a rare cause of acute abdomen: Surgical treatment and adjuvant therapy. Case report.

A case of perforated gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of small intestine causing acute abdomen is described, with a brief review of the literature. A male patient presented with symptoms of acute abdomen. After evaluation, a laparotomy was performed, where perforation of a tumor in the ileum was found. The perforated part along with the tumor was resected and the cytopathological examination showed that the tumor was GIST. Postoperatively, the patient received treatment, using imatinib. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are relatively rare and often present with vague symptoms. Their first clinical manifestation as acute abdomen due to their perforation is extremely rare. In emergency laparotomy, a R0 resection is required and adjuvant therapy with imatinib must be considered.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1985

Amylase isoenzymes in the acute abdomen: an adjunct in those patients with elevated total amylase.

The role of routine isoamylase determinations in differentiating acute pancreatitis from other causes of an acute abdomen with hyperamylasemia and/or hyperamylasuria was evaluated. Values were analyzed from a control group of 21 patients with acute pancreatitis (group I) and from 100 consecutive patients diagnosed in our emergency department as having an acute abdomen (group II). In group I, 100% of patients had hyperamylasemia, hyperamylasuria, and a P isoamylase fraction greater than 0.75 of the total amylase value. In group II, 50% of patients had hyperamylasemia and/or hyperamylasuria. Of these patients, 44% had a P isoamylase fraction less than 0.75 of the total amylase value, a finding apparently incompatible with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis as identified by our control group. We conclude that routine isoamylase determinations in patients with an acute abdomen and hyperamylasemia and/or hyperamylasuria allows the differentiation from acute pancreatitis in 44% of cases.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1988

The abdomen as a source of occult sepsis.

When a patient presents with sepsis and no clear etiology, the abdomen can hide a focus of infection and must be considered in the course of the evaluation (Fig. 1). There are certain groups of patients who do not exhibit the usual signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal infection and therefore constitute the population at risk for occult abdominal sepsis. These patients, for one reason or another, have an unreliable history or physical exam. Once intra-abdominal infection is suspected, certain basic laboratory and radiographic evaluations should be undertaken. Treatment delays are not tolerated and the performance of diagnostic tests when a laparotomy appears inevitable is not indicated. CT of the abdomen should not be used as a screening exam and should be reserved for those cases potentially having an infected fluid collection. If a thorough evaluation of the abdomen reveals a possible source, a measured medical and surgical approach can be undertaken, depending on the etiology. If no source is found, the question of a diagnostic laparotomy arises in certain cases (Fig. 2). This procedure should be reserved for those patients having some type of underlying abdominal surgery or pathology. Without a previous history of abdominal surgery or pathology, and with no other clinical evidence of intra-abdominal infection, a nondirected laparotomy can be safely performed when organ failure is not present but usually will not reveal a treatable lesion. Multiple organ failure may indicate the presence of a hidden abdominal source of infection; however, the window for successful surgical intervention may have already passed. Multiple organ failure does not mandate laparotomy when there is no clinical or radiographic basis for suspecting an abdominal source of infection. This is especially true if an alternative source of sepsis has been defined.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Patients with acute abdominal pain: white cell and neutrophil counts as predictors of the surgical acute abdomen.

Two hundred and fifty-two patients with acute abdominal pain were admitted to Wellington Hospital during three consecutive months in 1982. The prevalence of the surgical acute abdomen in these patients was 35%. There was no significant difference in performance between the peripheral blood white cell count (WCC) and neutrophil count (NC) when used as diagnostic tests of surgical acute abdomen. Neither test is sufficiently sensitive or specific to be a good predictor of surgical acute abdomen. It is recommended that the WCC be used sparingly and interpreted as a continuously distributed rather than dichotomous diagnostic test. There is no advantage in using the NC.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1979

The symptoms of an amebic abscess of the liver simulating an acute surgical abdomen.

Amebic abscess of the liver has protean manifestations that often resemble causes of an acute surgical abdomen. Patients presenting at University of California, Los Angeles Hospital with acute abdominal injuries who underwent exploratory laparotomy and subsequently were found to have an amebic hepatic abscess were studied. There are various clinical symptoms of amebic hepatic abscess as well as problems of differentiating this pathologic entity from an acute surgical abdomen. Most patients with amebic hepatic abscess that mimics an acute abdomen present as acute cholecystitis or acute appendicitis. All patients recovered uneventfully once the diagnosis was made and appropriate therapy instituted. The salient features of the history, physical examination and laboratory data that can identify the amebic abscess were analyzed. The key to correct diagnosis is cognizance of the condition.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1979

[A cow showing abnormal distension of the abdomen: omental bursitis (author's transl)].

A highly uncommon clinical picture in a cow showing abnormal distension of the abdomen as the most important clinical symptom, is described. The anatomy of the bovine adbomen is briefly reviewed, particular attention being paid to the omental bursa. This is followed by a discussion of the history and clinical symptoms. The owner complained of the fact that the cow showed loss of appetite and abnormal distension of the abdomen. The most important finding on clinical examination was made on rectal exploration, in which a large sac filled with fluid was felt in the abdomen. Exploratory laparatomy showed that this was an inflamed omental bursa containing a large quantity of serofibrinous exudate. This diagnosis was verified by pathological studies. The discussion is concerned with the differential diagnosis and a comparison is made with a number of similar cases reported in the literature.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Cutaneous innervation of the thorax and abdomen of the dog.

The anatomy of the cutaneous nerves innervating the canine thorax and abdomen was investigated by gross dissection of 38 dogs. Additionally, the cutaneous areas innervated by the thoracic and abdominal cutaneous nerves were mapped in a 2nd group of 33 barbiturate-anesthetized male dogs, using electrophysiologic techniques. The skin of the thorax was innervated by dorsal cutaneous branches, lateral cutaneous branches, and ventral cutaneous branches of the spinal nerves. The dorsal cutaneous branches were branches of the dorsal primary branches of spinal nerves C6 and T2 through T11. The lateral cutaneous branches were branches of the ventral primary branches of spinal nerves T2 through T12. The ventral cutaneous branches were branches of the ventral primary branches of spinal nerves T2 through T10. The skin of the abdomen was innervated by dorsal and lateral cutaneous branches of spinal nerves T12 through L3 (and occasionally L4). The cutaneous areas of the dorsal cutaneous branches occupied the dorsal half of the scapular and thoracic regions and the dorsal 2/5 of the abdominal region. The cutaneous areas of the lateral cutaneous branches covered the major portion of the ventral half of the thorax and the ventral 3/5 of the abdomen. The cutaneous areas of the ventral cutaneous branches occupied the axilla and the ventral part of the thoracic wall.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

[Endometriosis of the bladder muscular layer as a cause of acute abdomen].

OBJECTIVES: A case of acute abdomen arising from endometriosis of the bladder is described. The rarity of this condition prompted us to report on the present case and the problems encountered in making the differential diagnosis. METHODS/RESULTS: A patient with endometriosis of the muscle layer of the bladder mimicking acute gynecological abdomen is described. CONCLUSIONS: Endometriosis of the bladder is extremely rare and usually presents as urinary problems and rarely as acute abdomen.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1995

Acute abdomen as atypical presentation of brucellosis: report of two cases and review of literature.

Abdominal involvement in brucellosis is seen in the acute, subacute and chronic disease. It is not typical, however, that acute abdomen is the presenting feature of brucellosis. In this paper, two cases of serologically diagnosed brucellosis are reported, both presenting initially with acute abdomen and fever. In brucella-endemic regions of the world, brucellosis has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen and fever. With definitive diagnosis, unnecessary laparotomy can be avoided.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1995

Echo planar imaging of the abdomen.

Echo planar imaging (EPI) is an ultrafast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method first proposed more than 15 years ago. With EPI, all the information necessary to create an image is obtained very rapidly (typically on the order of 50-150 ms). Special hardware modifications are needed, particularly in the magnetic field gradients and data acquisition systems, to permit such high-speed imaging. In the abdomen, EPI images are insensitive to degradation from breathing or peristaltic motion. The essentially infinite repetition time and lack of motion-induced blurring can improve lesion characterization compared with standard imaging methods. Segmented EPI permits high-resolution T2-weighted images to be acquired within a single breath-hold. Diffusion imaging, which was previously restricted to the brain, can now be done in the abdomen because of the relative insensitivity of EPI images to bulk motion. Diffusion imaging of the kidney has been found to correlate with its functional status. By using EPI readouts, MR angiography can be done more quickly. Further work is needed to improve the spatial resolution and overcome magnetic susceptibility artifacts, particularly with single-shot EPI. Nonetheless, EPI offers considerable potential for improved anatomical and functional imaging of the abdomen.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Laparoscopic anatomy of the equine abdomen.

Laparoscopy was performed on 6 horses (2 mares, 2 geldings, 2 stallions) to determine the normal laparoscopic anatomy of the equine abdomen. After withholding feed for 36 hours, horses were examined from the left and right paralumbar fossae, and the visceral anatomic structures were recorded by videotape and photography. One mare developed emphysema located subcutaneously at the primary laparoscopic portal; otherwise, there were no complications. The anatomic structures of diagnostic importance that were observed in the left half of the abdomen were the hepatic duct; left lateral and quadrate lobes of the liver; stomach; spleen; left kidney with the associated nephrosplenic ligament; segments of jejunum, descending colon, and ascending colon; left side of the male and female reproductive tracts; urinary bladder; vaginal ring; and mesorchium. Important structures observed in the right side of the abdomen were portions of the common hepatic duct; left lateral, quadrate, and right lobes of the liver; caudate process of the liver; stomach; duodenum; right dorsal colon, epiploic foramen; omental bursa; right kidney; base of the cecum; segments of jejunum, descending colon, and ascending colon; urinary bladder; right half of the male and female reproductive tracts; and rectum.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

[The influence of dopamine on the regional blood volume in liver, abdomen, chest and extremities (author's transl)].

The influence was studied of 3 and 6 gamma/kg/min. dopamine on the blood volume in the liver, abdomen, chest, arms and legs in ten volunteers with healthy livers, and a comparison was made between the effect of dopamine and the blood volume changes caused in these body regions by inflatable whole-leg boots at a pressure of 40 mm Hg. Regional blood volumes and any induced changes were studied by means of 99 m Tc labelled autologous erythrocytes. A gamma camera with a pinhole collimator and a small computer was used, the field of vision of the camera being 148 cm in diameter. Changes in regional activity reflect changes in the regional blood volume. 1. Whole-leg compression at 40 mm Hg led to an increase in the blood volume of the liver, abdomen and chest, but to a reduction in the legs, while no significant change was observed in the arm blood volume. 2. On infusion of 3 gamma/kg/min. dopamine for 15 minutes no significant change occurred in the blood volume of the liver and abdomen. The chest blood volume increased, while the blood volume of the upper and the lower extremities showed a statistically significant decrease. 3. On infusion of 6 gamma/kg/min. dopamine for 10 minutes no significant change occurred in the blood volume of the liver, while the chest blood volume continued to rise and that of the upper and lower limbs continued to fall. 4. Ten minutes after the end of the infusion there was no significant change in liver and abdominal blood volume as compared with the last value measured during infusion of 6 gamma/kg/min. dopamine. By that time the chest blood volume had already fallen and the blood volume of the arms and legs increased. The possible action mechanisms via dopamine-specific and other catecholamine receptors are discussed in this paper.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

Acute abdomen. When to operate immediately and when to observe.

When to operate immediately, when to observe, and when not to operate at all represent major challenges in the management of a child with an acute abdomen. This article is an overview of the subject from symptom to diagnosis, evaluation, and preparation for the surgical intervention. Tables provide examples of conditions requiring prompt surgical intervention and relative surgical urgency; pathologies suitable for (initial) nonsurgical management; and clinical pictures where surgical intervention is not indicated. Factors that influence the timing of operation are provided, as is the differential diagnosis between intestinal strangulation and obstruction. Brief notes highlight four important causes of acute abdomen in children acute appendicitis, malrotation with volvulus, Meckel's diverticulum, and intussusception. These as well as other intraabdominal pathologies are illustrated by means of surgical photographs. The acute abdomen is a clinical diagnosis. Other diagnostic modalities have merely supporting roles. The decision to operate is based primarily on the results of a good history and thorough physical examination(s).

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Whole-abdomen radiation therapy as salvage treatment for epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of whole-abdomen radiation therapy as salvage treatment in patients with ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients who failed aggressive cytoreductive surgery followed by multiple-drug platinum-based chemotherapy were found to have recurrent epithelial carcinoma of the ovary and were treated with whole-abdomen radiation as salvage therapy. Dosage fractions were planned at 100 to 150 cGy daily to 3000 to 3500 cGy, followed by a pelvic boost at 150 to 180 cGy daily. All patients completed the planned treatment. The average treatment program required 53.5 days (range, 42-71 days). RESULTS: Survival rates at years 1 through 5 were 66%, 48%, 26%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. Residual disease at initiation of radiation correlated strongly with length of survival. The patients with microscopic disease survived an average of 63 months (range, 30-111 months). Patients with disease larger than 2 cm survived an average of 9 months (range, 5-17 months). Toxicity was seen in all patients. Eight patients experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicity, primarily white blood cell count and gastrointestinal toxicity. There were no deaths related to toxicity. DISCUSSION: This experience strongly suggests that whole-abdomen radiation is a viable salvage option, especially for patients with microscopic retroperitoneal disease or small-volume macroscopic disease.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

[Diagnostic and therapeutic value of laparoscopy in acute abdomen].

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the degree of applicability of the diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) and therapeutic laparoscopy in the acute abdomen and trauma patients. The material of 109 cases of DL performed since 1983 has been evaluated retrospectively. 22 patients were operated by laparoscopy. The patients were assessed in the following groups: I-suspected acute appendicitis, II-acute abdomen of uncertain ethology, III-abdominal trauma. In the first group 60 patients were diagnosed, 13 of them were operated by laparoscopy, 28 by open access, 15 avoided the unnecessary laparotomy. In the second group 30 patients were diagnosed, 6 of them were operated by laparoscopy, 8 open interventions were noted, 16 avoided the non-therapeutic laparotomy. In the third group 19 patients were diagnosed, 13 underwent laparotomy, 6 avoided the unnecessary intervention. There has been one death, not associated with DL (acute bowel ischemia), morbidity was 1% (one case of bleeding from the mesenterial artery, treated by conversion to laparotomy), one DL was considered as falsely negative, one not sufficient to establish the diagnosis. Basing on our experience in DL as a diagnostic tool we can confirm the accuracy of the method in 99.08% with only 1% of morbidity. 20.1% of patients were operated by laparoscopy, without complications. In conclusions the authors consider the DL allows to establish a prompt and accurate diagnosis in the acute abdomen and trauma without a therapeutic delay and unnecessary hospital observation. The fault of the method and morbidity rate is acceptable. The treatment by the same laparoscopic access offers to these patients another benefit, the more the experience is increasing.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1998

[Acute abdomen secondary to pyonephrosis. Perinephritic abscess with fistula to peritoneal cavity].

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of acute abdomen arising from an underlying urological condition. METHODS/RESULTS: Herein we describe a patient with acute abdomen arising from a pyonephrotic kidney with fistulization to the peritoneal cavity. The clinical manifestations disappeared following nephrectomy by the anterior approach and drainage of the intraperitoneal cavity. CONCLUSION: Although infrequent, it should be taken into account that peritoneal abscess and/or pyonephrosis can cause acute abdomen when they fistulize to the peritoneal cavity.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1998

[Nothing gained from the determinations of plasma lactate levels in the evaluation of a patient with acute abdomen].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the diagnostic value of laboratory tests, especially the plasma lactate concentration, for determination of the indication for acute surgery in patients with an acute abdomen. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Kennemer Gasthuis, location Elisabeth Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands. METHOD: The study group consisted of all 200 successive patients presenting at the emergency room with acute abdomen from June 1993 to December 1994 (19 months). Patients with suspected acute appendicitis were excluded. The diagnosis and indication for surgery if any were based on case history, physical examination, radiological examination if performed and standard laboratory tests: ESR, leukocyte count, haemoglobin, creatinine and amylase. The first matter considered was to what extent the indication for acute operation based on these clinical criteria was in agreement with the diagnosis at discharge. The next question studied was what would be the extra value of the plasma lactate concentration which, although determined, had not been reported to the clinician. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-sample Student t test and the chi 2 test. A p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were operated within 24 hours for good reasons, six were incorrectly not operated within 24 hours, 128 correctly received conservative treatment and 12 were correctly treated conservatively and subsequently underwent operation after longer than 24 hours. Diagnostics based on the clinical criteria had a sensitivity of 90%. The mean plasma lactate concentration, temperature and ESR were statistically significant more often increased in the operated patients than in those treated conservatively. The sensitivities of these determinations were 75%, 67% and 40% (all: p < 0.05). The lactate concentration was increased in 50% of the patients who in retrospect had incorrectly not been subjected to acute surgery. CONCLUSION: Neither determination of the plasma lactate concentration nor the results of the separate standard laboratory tests in acute abdomen patients resulted in a better sensitivity for the determination of an indication for acute surgery than clinical examination combined with standard laboratory tests and, if desired, supplementary radiology.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1998

Covering the "open abdomen": a better technique.

"Damage control" in severe abdominal trauma, abdominal compartment syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall, and necrotizing pancreatitis often preclude closure of the fascia after laparotomy. Many techniques have been reported for temporary coverage of the exposed viscera, but most have had documented problems. We report the successful use, since 1989, of a temporary sutureless coverage. The viscera are covered with omentum when possible, then with a clear plastic sheet. Sump drains are placed over this layer. The entire abdomen is then covered with two layers of iodophor-impregnated adhesive plastic drape. The last 50 patients managed with this technique are reported. The most common indication (27 patients) was for treatment of severe abdominal trauma. There were no wound infections, fasciitis, or bowel obstruction. Eighteen patients died; no deaths were related to abdominal closure. Temporary abdominal covering with adhesive plastic sheeting is a rapid, safe, and readily available method for managing the open abdomen. This technique provides a physiologic milieu for the abdominal viscera, simplifies nursing care, and promotes safe closure of the abdomen at a later time.

Abdomen↗