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PubMed1997

Reliability and practicability of bacteriological monitoring of beef carcass contamination and their rating within a hygiene quality control programme of abattoirs.

A total of 9600 swab samples from 900 carcasses originating from ten different abattoirs were subjected to bacteriological examination. Two sampling sites, brisket and forearm, consistently showed the highest contamination rates. The following sites are recommended for sampling: on the lateral side of the carcass neck, forearm, shoulder, brisket and abdomen. The neck is recommended for the medial side. Compared to the large variance of contamination either on individual carcasses or between different carcasses, the differences in the variance of results between double swab and incision sampling techniques should be of minor importance. Considering this big variance of colony counts, it is suggested to take five to six swab samples from each of at least ten to 15 carcasses once a month. With a view to a more differentiated and evident evaluation the results should be recorded in a 'box plots' and not in the form of mean values and standard deviations. The data confirms bacteriological monitoring of beef carcasses as a useful tool for the verification of slaughter hygiene.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Antibodies, directed towards Campylobacter jejuni antigens, in sera from poultry abattoir workers.

Occupational exposure of susceptible humans to Campylobacter jejuni appears to result in resistance to disease. This is believed to be due to acquired protective immunity. To support this hypothesis the levels of C. jejuni-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were determined in sera from poultry abattoir workers. Such individuals are persistently exposed to C. jejuni, but apparently rarely acquire campylobacteriosis. Sera from 43 short-term workers (employed < or = 1 month), 78 long-term workers and 40 blood donors were investigated by ELISA. In 51 individuals a second serum sample, taken at least 1 month after the first, was also investigated. Eight workers had C. jejuni-positive faecal cultures and only one, a short-term worker, had symptoms of campylobacteriosis. There were significantly higher levels of specific IgG antibodies in long-term workers than in either of the other groups. There was no significant difference detectable in specific IgM antibody levels between any of the groups. The results provide supporting evidence that long-term exposure to C. jejuni induces circulating antibodies which reflect apparent reduced susceptibility to disease. Western blotting showed flagellin and polypeptides of 45, 40, 32 and 30 kD bound antibodies significantly more frequently by sera from long-term workers than short-term workers and blood donors. The most commonly detected antigens were the 40-kD (80%) and flagellin (55%). The results indicate that specific serum IgG responses induced by endemic exposure to C. jejuni might be directed towards a small number of protein antigens with apparently conserved epitopes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Lip and gum lesions in sheep in two abattoirs in New Zealand.

AIM: To build a profile of the oral lesions that occur in sheep in New Zealand that need to be considered within the differential diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. METHODS: Lesions of the anterior lips and gums of sheep were surveyed in two abattoirs, photographed, and described grossly and histopathologically. RESULTS: A sequence of lesions in order of age and stage of healing are described and illustrated, and their pathogenesis discussed. Lesions of the midline of the lips and gums of traumatic or irritant aetiology were common, and the prevalence was higher in adult sheep than in lambs. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of lesions observed appeared to be primarily of traumatic aetiology. They probably arose from the fright/flight response behaviour of sheep, resulting in the mouth impacting against wire fences or yard railings while being handled. A smaller percentage of lesions may have been due to abrasive or irritant feed or soil. The presence of plant material and bacteria in lesions delayed healing and contributed to the formation of ulcers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species from porcine samples obtained from an abattoir.

Swabs of swine carcasses and samples of porcine tongue and trim obtained from an abattoir were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica and related species (Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii and Y. frederiksenii). Three enrichment media (phosphate buffered saline, sorbitol-bile salts-phosphate buffered saline, and a modified Rappaport's broth) were compared at 4 degrees C for their efficiency of recovery of Y. enterocolitica and related species. Two secondary enrichment procedures (post-enrichment in modified Rappaport's broth for 2 d at 25 degrees C and treatment with 0.5% KOH in 0.5% NaC1) also were evaluated. The porcine isolates were characterized by biochemical and serological examination, speciation, and biotyping. Eight of 43 samples were positive for Y. enterocolitica and related species. The combination of incubation in sorbitol-bile salts-phosphate buffered saline for 21 d at 4 degrees C followed by post-enrichment in modified Rappaport's broth yielded maximum number of isolates. All isolates, except one, were avirulent as determined by autoagglutination, calcium dependence at 37 degrees C, and HeLa cell invasiveness tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Anatomical features of cystic ovaries in cattle found during an abattoir survey.

During an abattoir survey, 8071 bovine genitalia were examined. Cysts of 2-5 cm or larger were found on one or both ovaries in 307, an incidence of 38 per cent. The cysts were arbitrarily classified anatomically into eight groups according to the number present and their texture, whether thin or thick walled, and to the presence or absence of a corpus luteum. The weight and dimensions of the cysts were recorded and any abnormalities of the genital tracts were noted. Ninety-six specimens (30-67 per cent) were associated with a corpus luteum and 217 (69-33 per cent) had no corpus luteum. One hundred and sixty eight tracts (53-67 per cent) had single cysts and in 145 (46-33 per cent) they were multiple. The incidence of multiple ovulations was higher in the cystic ovaries which had corpora lutea than in the non-cystic population. The incidence of ovaro-bursal adhesions in the cystic population was three times higher than in that found in the genitalia which had no cysts and it is possible that this resulted from trauma during rectal palpation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Occurrence of Erysipelothrix spp. in broiler chickens at an abattoir.

From September 1995 to August 1996, 750 chickens from 66 farms sent to an abattoir in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, were examined for the presence of Erysipelothrix spp. Erysipelothrix spp. were isolated from 118 (15.7%) of 750 skin samples, 27 (7.3%) of 372 hypoderm samples, 12 (1.9%) of 630 throat samples, 106 (59.2%) of 179 feather samples, and none of 257 spleen samples. Of 66 farms, 55 farms (83.3%) sent Erysipelothrix-positive chickens and 11 farms (16.7%) only negative ones. Of 297 Erysipelothrix isolates, 273 isolates were identified as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and 24 as Erysipelothrix tonsillarum. E. rhusiopathiae isolates were serotyped into nine different serovars. Of the 273 E. rhusiopathiae isolates, 33 (11.1%) were serotyped to serovar 6; 22 (7.4%) were serovar 5; 19 (6.4%) were serovar 2; 15 (5.1%) were serovar 8; 2 (0.7%) were serovar 21; 4 each (1.3% each) were serovars 1b, 9, 12, and 19; and 178 (59.9%) were untypeable. Of 24 E. tonsillarum isolates, 15 (5.1%) were serotyped to serovar 3, and 9 (3.0%) were serovar 7. These findings indicate that chickens seem to be a potential reservoir of Erysipelothrix spp. in nature and to be a source of human Erysipelothrix infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of Corynebacterium renale from slaughtered cattle at the Zaria abattoir in Nigeria.

Forty urinary bladders were collected from apparently healthy cattle slaughtered at the Zaria abattoir. Twenty-four (60%) were from male animals and 16 (40%) from females. Urine samples were obtained and cultured for Corynebacterium renale. Four (16.7%) of the samples from males and 1 (6.3%) from females were positive. The difference in infection between the sexes was statistically significant (P less than 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Eurytrema coelomaticum infection in bovines in an abattoir in south Brazil.

Two and a half per cent of the 200 bovines examined in an abattoir in South Brazil had pancreatic gross lesions associated with Eurytrema coelomaticum infection. The lesions were mainly subacute periductular pancreatitis and the accompanying alterations in the adjacent parenchyma. Relevant literature is reviewed and compared with the results of the present study.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Frequency and consequence of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and lambs slaughtered at a Western Australian abattoir.

A total of 8,711 sheep in 3 distinct age/sex groups were examined to determine for occurrence and extent of caseous lymphadenitis after slaughter at a major Western Australian abattoir. An adaptation of current mean inspection procedures to provide a numerical weighted evaluation according to number, site, and size of lesions was used to determine extent of involvement. Frequency in slaughter populations was estimated to be 3.4 +/- 0.6% for lambs, 41.8 +/- 3.9% for mixed-age rams, and 53.7 +/- 1.5% for adult ewes at 95% confidence intervals. The results confirmed that frequency increased with age, but also revealed increases in extent of involvement and occurrence of visceral lesions, particularly in association with lesions of the body. Nevertheless, lesions occurred more frequently in the body than in the viscera. However, the mean visceral involvement was greater than mean body involvement in all groups, and the ratio was found to be more or less constant. Visceral involvement was found to be more extensive in rams than in ewes. Difficulties associated with complexity of current inspection procedures were also recorded. The relevance of these findings to pathogenesis and postmortem disposition after slaughter is discussed. It is suggested that current postmortem inspection criteria should be reevaluated.

Aging↗
PubMed1978

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. VII. Helminths in pigs slaughtered at the Pretoria municipal abattoir.

A total of 52 pigs slaughtered at the Pretoria Municipal Abattoir over a period of 1 year was examined for parastitic helminths. Twenty-six of these pigs were marketed by farmers and 26 by speculators. Of the pigs marketed by farmers 73,1% were found to be infested:--30,8% with Ascaris suum, 65,4% with Ascarops strongylina, 3,8% with Metastrongylus apri, 26,9% with Oesophagostomum spp., 15,4% with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and 15,4% with Trichuris suis. All the pigs marketed by speculators were infested:--7,7% with A. suum, 92,3% with A. strongylina, 11,5% with Oesophagostomum spp., 65,4% with Physocephalus sexalatus, 7,7% with T. colubriformis and 11,5% with T. suis. The findings obtained in surveys conducted in Canada, Greece, India, the Philippines, the United Kingdom and the United States of America are quoted for comparison. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum are recorded for the first time in pigs in the Republic of South Africa.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bovine parafilariasis at the Cato Ridge abattoir: Sex prevalence and districts of origin.

Records indicate that Parafilaria bovicola-infested cattle slaughtered at the Cato Ridge abattoir originate from certain areas not previously recorded. Furthermore, moderate to severe infestations are diagnosed significantly more frequently in the entire male bovine than in female animals or oxen (castrated males). The data under review cover the period March 1981-August 1982, a period of 18 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An abattoir survey of the incidence of pneumonia in Saskatchewan swine and an investigation of the microbiology of affected lungs.

The lungs of 15 409 pigs, mostly from Saskatchewan, slaughtered at an abattoir were examined over a one year period. The incidence of lesions was 36.7% for "enzootic" pneumonia and 2.1% for pleurisy unassociated with pneumonia. Seasonal variations were recorded and compared with the results of similar surveys carried out in Australia, Belgium and England. Mycoplasmological examination of lungs from 347 animals was consistently negative for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Pasteurella multocida was the commonest bacterial isolate, a result which agrees with those of other workers.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Colonial growth and differentiation of epithelial cells derived from abattoir adult porcine livers.

The parenchymal cell fraction was isolated from abattoir adult porcine livers and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles' medium/Ham's F12 medium (DMEM/F12; 1:1) medium supplemented with 5% foetal calf serum, 10 ng/mL glucagon, 10 microg/mL insulin, 60 ng/mL hydrocortisone and eight other factors (NAIR-1 medium). The fraction contained a number of epithelial cells other than hepatocytes, some of which attached to the culture plates as cell clusters and began to grow after 3 days in culture. These epithelial cells growing as colonies were found to express cytokeratin 18 by immunocytochemistry. After 7-8 days, duct-like structures emerged in the central parts of the colonies. The cells constituting the duct-like structures and some cells located outside the structures were positive for cytokeratin 19 and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The albumin-positive cells were located in the outer parts of the colonies rather than their central parts. Albumin was also detectable in the cells surrounded by the duct-like structures. Moreover, cytochrome P450 IA1 was induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on day 16. These results suggest that porcine liver epithelial cell clusters may contain stem-like cells which can differentiate into mature hepatocytes or bile duct epithelial cells.

Albumins↗