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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Managing replacement stock within the environment of the south--plant, soil, and animal interactions: a review.

The South extends from the Atlantic Coast and the Gulf of Mexico north through Virginia and Kentucky and west to the 100th meridian, which extends through Texas and Oklahoma. The soils, environment, and range of adapted forage species offer many and varied opportunities for designing forage-livestock systems for rearing replacement stock. Anti-quality factors of concern when using forages for replacement stock include the presence of Acremonium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), phytoestrogens potentially in several species of Trifolium and Medicago, toxins in some species of brush that contribute to infertility, and imbalances of several minerals including Ca, P, K, Fe, I, Zn, Na, Cu, and Se. Systems should be designed to provide appropriate quality and quantity of forage to produce reproductively active female animals of the desired weight and condition for breeding at the target age, usually 15 mo for beef and dairy heifers and 8 to 9 mo for ewe lambs. Systems generally require sequence grazing of two or more forage species or mixtures to provide extended or year-round grazing opportunities. Stockpiling of tall fescue in the Upper South and use of cool-season annuals in the Lower South extend grazing in autumn, winter, and early spring. Successful systems coordinate plant growth potential with changing animal forage requirements for both quantity and quality of forage to achieve optimum growth rates for replacement stock.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of multichannel digital signal processing on loudness comfort, sentence recognition, and sound quality.

This study evaluated the effect of increasing the number of processing channels from 32- to 64-signal processing channels on subjects' loudness comfort and satisfaction, sentence recognition, and sound quality of his or her own voice. Ten experienced hearing aid users with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss wore behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids with Adaptive Dynamic Range Optimization (ADRO) signal processing for a period of six weeks in the 32-channel and 64-channel conditions. Results revealed no significant differences in loudness comfort or satisfaction for the majority of sound samples as measured by the Subjective Loudness Test and Environmental Sounds Questionnaire. No significant differences in sentence recognition between the two processing conditions were found as measured by the Hearing In Noise Test (HINT). Additionally, no subjective differences in sound quality of subjects' own voice were determined by the Listening Tasks Questionnaire.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The future is now. Long-range planning helps a hospital adapt to changes in volunteer utilization.

To get an idea of how volunteers were currently being used in the hospital industry, in 1987 the director of volunteer services at St. Joseph Hospital, Flint, MI, began an informal survey of what individuals thought and felt on the subject. He also reviewed the hospital literature on volunteers. The research revealed that many hospitals had fewer inpatients and a more rapid patient turnover than they had had before, that competition for patients and volunteers was intensifying, that paid staff were busier, and that department heads who used volunteers were satisfied with them and wanted more of them. To improve its use of volunteers, the department initiated formal discussions among volunteer group leaders to identify major areas of concern. Once these areas had been identified a Task Force Leadership Group worked to establish goals for addressing these areas of concern. Six volunteer committees were then formed, each with the task of generating recommendations regarding how volunteer services could be improved. The committees eventually generated more than 130 recommendations. The volunteer services director and a consultant consolidated, reclassified, and rewrote these, ultimately submitting 79 proposals for approval. A number of these recommendations have already been implemented, and the volunteer services department will implement more of them in the future.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499↗
PubMed1976

Safety and efficacy of prolonged treatment with Tremblex (dexetimide), an antiparkinsonian agent. A controlled study.

The trial involved 69 female, long-stay inpatients of the Voorburg mental hospital, of a median age of 50 years. Two groups were formed at the start of the trial. The first group (51 patients) on a maintenance therapy with orphenadrine, were now put on oral dexetimide. Individually adapted dosages ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 mg daily. The control group (18 patients) of antiparkinsonian agents did not take any in the course of the study either. After three and six months (end of trial) biochemical and haematologic parameters were assessed. Clinical evaluation of extrapyramidal symptoms was made in the dexetimide group. All patients of the control group and 47 of the dexetimide group completed the trial. Both groups were shown to be comparable with regard to all parameters. Statistical analysis showed significant improvement in dexetimide-patients with regard to gross motor tremor, facial inexpressiveness, parkinsonian gait (after two weeks) + dyskinesia (after six months).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Physiopathology of the migraine attack and mechanisms of action of anti-migraine agents: recent findings in animals].

No current experimental model on migraine is fully satisfactory, and constructing a single model which takes into account all the various clinical and pharmacological aspects does not seem feasible. A critical review of the large number of experimental approaches developed over the past 20 years to investigate migraine attacks and an examination of recent research in the various fields of animal biology seems to be more pertinent in this context. A neurovascular cortical spreading depression could be one of the mechanisms involved in aura formation, but its association with headache is enigmatic, and the implication of hypoxia in its etiopathogenesis remains controversial. Intercritical neuronal hyperexcitability, which has been proposed as a possible biological basis for the onset of migraine, may trigger the development of aura, but also the activation of the trigeminovascular system. An independent but concomitant activation of both phenomena could be driven by a mesencephalic noradrenergic or cortical limbic generator. The trigemino-vascular model of perivascular neurogenic inflammation does not explain certain experimental and pharmacological properties of anti-migraine drugs. The clinical efficacy of the 5-HT1B/D agonists is based on a vasoconstrictive effect and on their inhibition of neurogenic inflammation, while calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a major role in vasodilatation and substance P in neurogenic inflammation. The initiation and initial development of migraine probably involve a prior peripheral sensitization of the trigeminal nociceptors, while the susceptibility to onset of an attack, maintenance of the migrainous state and the clinical variability must certainly rely on central sensitization within the trigeminal caudate nucleus. The numerous experimental approaches to the physiopathology of migraine developed over recent years, each of which provides a basis for the development of new classes of anti-migraine drugs, are not exclusive of one another. Rather, they contribute to providing various specific aspects of a physiopathogenic theory of migraine, which at the present time has to be both wide-ranging and adaptive.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insect cold hardiness: a Canadian perspective.

The cold climates and diverse environments of Canada have allowed key studies of insect cold hardiness that developed and widened the understanding of this subject. For example, freezing tolerance, chilling tolerance, freezing resistance, supercooling, cryoprotectants and other features can be combined in many different ways, reflecting a wide range of adaptations. Many other factors interact with and influence cold hardiness, such as habitats and their selection, and water and energy balances. These findings suggest several topics that would be especially fruitful for further study in northern Canada.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[Recombination (regroupings), an important mechanism of quantitative changes in live systems].

In natural phenomena a new quality may occur not only in the course of qualitative changes but also by means of different recombinations (regroupings) of the elements that constitute a system, without any change in their number. Different versions of such regroupings are discussed. Recombination (conformation) changes, widely spread in live nature in particular, are of paramount importance, playing a role in the realization of a wide range of adaptation reactions of the body.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Remote effects at cell and subcell level in the hemopoietic system after chronic radiation exposure in man].

The parameters characterizing the state of hemopoietic cells obtained from chronically exposed residents of the Techa riverside villages studied at late time after the exposure included: the level of somatic mutations in the TCR gene, the level of chromosome aberrations, the intensity of peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis. Exposed versus unexposed subjects (controls) showed an increased frequency of CD3-CD4+ T-lymphocytes, chromosome aberrations of stable type (translocations) and unstable type (dicentrics, rings), and also increased intensity of lymphocyte apoptosis. The findings of tests using a standard additional gamma-irradiation (1 Gy) accompanied by 24-hour incubation indicated that the rate of apoptosis of lymphocytes was significantly higher in exposed individuals in comparison with unexposed ones. It was suggested basing on the obtained data that at late time the chronic (for over 50 years) exposure at RBM doses from 0.01 to 3.22 Sv was a factor inducing the damage to the genetic apparatus of hemopoietic cells. Evidently, the initial chronic low-intensity irradiation in the above-indicated dose range activates adaptive processes at the cellular level in hemopoietic cells. Late time after the onset of exposure the adaptation reserves are depleted in chronically exposed persons which brings about its failure in the case of a challenge by additional external exposures.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling.

Hypoxia is a universal feature of solid tumors that arises as the tumor mass outgrows stromal vascular supply. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, a transcription factor upregulated in hypoxia, orchestrates a range of adaptive responses that allow tumor cells to survive oxygen deprivation. Important information regarding the role of HIF-1 in tumor biology was gained from tumor biopsy studies in which HIF-1 expression was strongly associated with poor patient prognosis, and from animal studies in which genetic ablation of HIF-1 signaling retarded tumor growth. These findings motivated an intensive search for small-molecule inhibitors of the HIF-1 pathway. This review describes the progress toward the identification of specific inhibitors of HIF-1, and discuss the first examples of HIF-1-targeted therapeutics to enter clinical development.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Analysis without apparent resistance.

With this addition to the slender literature of self-revelations by psychoanalysts, the author also makes what may be his final contribution to psychoanalysis. An episode of hypomania during a visit to his birthplace, Vienna, triggered a dream whose elucidation allowed him to recover a primal scene and complete a self-analysis begun 65 years earlier. Shortly thereafter, a stroke left him hemiplegic and forced the author to confront the final stage of a productive life. After describing a range of adaptations to age and failing health, he explores the role hypomania played in his reconciling with the inevitability of impending death. Analysis of the contending forces also deepens our understanding of the transformations the creative process undergoes in advanced age, a topic the author leaves for younger hands to perfect.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Situational theory of leadership.

The situational theory of leadership and the LEAD instruments for determining leadership style are explained, and the application of the situational leadership theory to the process of planning for and implementing organizational change is described. Early studies of leadership style identified two basic leadership styles: the task-oriented autocratic style and the relationship-oriented democratic style. Subsequent research found that most leaders exhibited one of four combinations of task and relationship behaviors. The situational leadership theory holds that the difference between the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of the four leadership styles is the appropriateness of the leader's behavior to the particular situation in which it is used. The task maturity of the individual or group being led must also be accounted for; follower readiness is defined in terms of the capacity to set high but attainable goals, willingness or ability to accept responsibility, and possession of the necessary education or experience for a specific task. A person's leadership style, range, and adaptability can be determined from the LEADSelf and LEADOther questionnaires. By applying the principles of the situational leadership theory and adapting their managerial styles to specific tasks and levels of follower maturity, the authors were successful in implementing 24-hour pharmacokinetic dosing services provided by staff pharmacists with little previous experience in clinical services. The situational leadership model enables a leader to identify a task, set goals, determine the task maturity of the individual or group, select an appropriate leadership style, and modify the style as change occurs. Pharmacy managers can use this model when implementing clinical pharmacy services.

Behavior↗
PubMed1987

[Fitness for automobile driving of physically handicapped patients].

Some 30.5 million Germans hold a driving license. For the person with a physical handicap, too, active traffic participation is of special importance, in that it constitutes an essential link in his rehabilitation. Road traffic authorities, in view of traffic safety, are held to consider both, the handicapped individual's interest in obtaining a license and society's claim to safety. Numerous studies have established the fact that disabled drivers, in particular those with impairment of the limbs, are neither more accident-prone nor otherwise more conspicious in road traffic than the non-disabled. The view that the driver with a physical disability poses particular risks, has been invalidated by extensive factual data and thorough literature review. Diseases of major relevance for driving ability are touched on, the range of adaptive equipment is exemplified. Physicians in accident surgery primarily have to deal with trauma to the spinal cord and limbs. The majority of these conditions permit good compensation by technical devices, enabling safe driving of a private car. Awareness of legal/administrative aspects of licensing, as well as of the adaptive potential of technical aids are of great importance to both physician and client.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetic and therapeutic monitoring in the development of theophylline-retard preparations].

After oral application of a sustained release preparation of aminophylline (2 tabl. of 350 mg b. i. d., i. e. a total doses of 1400 mg) the doses related to body mass and the average individual concentration of theophylline in serum are varying about 50% and more of the mean. The mean individual concentration in serum changes proportionally to the doses related to body mass. Furthermore two groups of patients with different theophylline concentrations can be distinguished. The reason is probably a different biotransformation. The mean concentration of theophylline in serum rises to a maximum at the 5th d. From the 8th to the 29th d of treatment the range of concentration is nearly constant. Reaching the steady state is probably overlapped by processes of enzyme induction. In about 60% of the patients the concentrations of theophylline are in the therapeutical range. When adaptation of doses to body mass takes place a higher portion can be expected. To achieve all therapeutical possibilities it is necessary to correct the doses also for the different types of biotransformation.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1978

[Coronary autoregulation of the isolated rabbit heart].

The autoregulation behaviour of the coronary circulation was studied on an isolated Langendorff-heart of rabbit. Static pressure-flow curves were recorded for the normal and maximally dilated vascular system. For analyzing the dynamics of autoregulation of the flow to pressure jumps within the autoregulation range was measured. Modelling was performed by means of the linear system theory, assuming first-order transfer functions for the contraction and dilatation process co-acting in the regulation. The system parameters were determined in the time-range by adapting a bi-exponential function to the measured data. For the dilatation reaction following pressure fall a mean time constant of 5.4 s was measured, while a time constant of 146.8 s was found for the counterregulation (constriction). These events are discussed with regard to possible further studies on the pharmacology of coronary regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Prediction of ijime (bullying)].

Questionnaires about Ijime (bullying) and Ijimerare (being bullied) were given to 261 junior high school students and their mothers from July to September in 1995. There were two types of questionnaires, one for the child, which inquired about his experiences of bullying other children and being bullied by other children during the last year, and the other for the mother which assessed the child's emotional and behavioral problems in the last year, was the Rutter Parental Questionnaire (R.P.Q.). These two questionnaires were filled in separately in order to avoid consultation between mother and child about their contents. Analysis of level of recognition of Ijime and Ijimerare by the mother showed a sensitivity level of Ijime and Ijimerare of 11.7% and 33.3%, respectively. The specificity on the part of the mother was 99.0% and 97.6% for Ijime and Ijimerare, respectively. While the specificity was sufficiently high for both phenomena, the sensitivity was low particularly for bullying other children. This underestimation may suggest the mother's psychological tendency to overlook the child's bullying of other children. A cross tabulation of the children's responses to "I bullied other children" and "I was bullied by other children" was made. A total of 254 cases were divided into the ijime group (n = 80) and the non-ijime group (n = 174), and the former was further divided into the aggressor (n = 37), the victim (n = 20) and the mixed group (n = 23). The average R.P.Q. scores of the victim and the mixed group were very similar at 7.4 and 7.1 points, respectively. Those of the aggressor and the non-ijime group were 4.6 and 3.8 points, respectively. A logistic regression analysis was performed and a predicted equation for probability of Ijime and Ijimerare was deduced. Using this logistic model, the specificity and the sensitivity were compared to those estimated by the mother. From this, it could be seen that, although the specificity was high in both estimations, the sensitivity estimated by this model was considerably better than that by the mother, especially in the prediction of Ijimerare which amounted to almost fifty percent accuracy. Because no information other than sex, school year, and the R.P.Q. scores (excluding enuresis and encopresis) are necessary, this model seems to possess convenience and a broad range of adaptability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Beverage-agarose gel electrophoresis: an inquiry-based laboratory exercise with virtual adaptation.

A wide range of literature and experience has shown that teaching methods that promote active learning, such as inquiry-based approaches, are more effective than those that rely on passive learning. Gel electrophoresis, one of the most common laboratory techniques in molecular biology, has a wide range of applications in the life sciences. As such, we chose it as a platform to expose high school and undergraduate students to the active process of scientific inquiry in general, while specifically teaching electrophoresis. First, we optimized DNA electrophoresis in the laboratory by using common beverages instead of standard media (e.g., Tris-based media). Second, we adapted this laboratory process of progressive optimization to a Web-based format in which students had to achieve all the same steps of optimization by performing serial electrophoreses. And third, we evaluated the use of this entirely Web-based virtual laboratory exercise in high school and undergraduate biology courses. Students learned fundamental and practical principles of electrophoresis, while experiencing the essential inquiry-based process of optimizing a technique, and they also enjoyed it. Our findings provide a readily accessible, inexpensive, and intriguing technique for teaching electrophoresis and the progressive optimization of a laboratory technique.

Beverages↗