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PubMed1977

Specific adhesion of lactobacilli to keratinized epithelial cells of the rat stomach in vitro.

Indigenous bacteria isolated from rats and chickens demonstrated host specificity in adhering to the keratinized epithelial cells of the rat stomach and the chicken crop epithelium. Of the indigenous bacteria isolated from the rat only lactobacilli and staphylococci attached to the keratinized cells of the rat stomach, suggesting that they are dominant bacteria of the microflora of the stomachs of rats. The effect of the addition of enzymes and other compounds on the adhesion of lactobacilli were investigated. Adhesion was inhibited by treating the lactobacilli with heat, detergents, or certain lipid solvents.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emerging role of lactobacilli in the control and maintenance of the vaginal bacterial microflora.

The vaginal microflora of healthy asymptomatic women consists of a wide variety (two to five isolates at any one time) of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial genera and species dominated by the facultative, microaerophilic, anaerobic genus Lactobacillus. That the vaginal flora forms part of a dynamically changing ecosystem is evident from the variable prevalence and population levels of each bacterial species detected with repetitive longitudinal sampling, with pregnancy, and with stage in the menstrual cycle. This review emphasizes the role that vaginal lactobacilli may play in control of the vaginal microflora and maintenance of the normal state. Lactobacilli possess many antagonistic properties and produce many metabolites that may be important in maintaining dominance in the vagina. Contradictory data from previous studies regarding the impact of factors such as contraception, catamenial products, and physiologic elements on the vaginal microflora are due in part to poor study design and differences in methodology. Well-designed and controlled investigations with large numbers of individuals in each group are needed, and the limitations of the methodology for such investigations must be considered. Studies of the normal flora, exploring the interaction of lactobacilli and other bacterial species, must be performed before the pathologic processes resulting in vaginitis or systemic sequelae are investigated.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1996

Lactobacilli and bacteremia in southern Finland, 1989-1992.

In order to assess the potential of lactobacilli to cause serious infections, we studied the prevalence of bacteremia due to Lactobacillus species during a 4-year period (1989-1992) in southern Finland, which has a population of about 2.5 million. Among 3,317 blood culture isolates, lactobacilli were identified in eight patients, five of whom had a severe disease predisposing to bacteremic complications. The eight strains isolated were identified to the species level and typed by carbohydrate fermentation tests and by direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified 16S rRNA. The results did not provide evidence that any particular species or subspecies of Lactobacillus was the cause of the infections; no infections caused by isolates similar to the recently introduced dairy probiotic strain, Lactobacillus GG (ATCC 53103), were observed. The data show an infrequent association of lactobacilli with bacteremic infections in spite of the ubiquitous presence of these organisms in the gastrointestinal tract and their widespread consumption in fermented milks; thus, there is strong evidence that their pathogenic potential is very low.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Lactobacilli and acidosis in children with short small bowel.

BACKGROUND: In patients with a short small bowel, D-lactic acidemia and D-lactic aciduria are caused by intestinal lactobacilli. The purpose of this study was to obtain a detailed picture of the metabolic acidosis in young children with short small bowel. METHODS: Feces, blood, and urine of children with short small bowel and acidosis were studied microbiologically and/or biochemically. RESULTS: Previous findings were confirmed that more than 60% of the fecal flora of patients with small short bowel, who are not receiving antibiotics, consists of lactic acid-producing lactobacilli. In blood, D-lactic acid was the most prominent metabolite: the highest serum D-lactate (15.5 mmol/l) was observed in a sample taken immediately after the onset of hyperventilation. The highest D-lactate excretion was in urine collected some hours after the onset of hyperventilation, and amounted to 59 mol/mol creatinine. Acidosis in the patients with short small bowel was related to strongly increased serum D-lactate and anion gap and to strongly decreased serum bicarbonate and pH. CONCLUSION: In children with small short bowel and acidosis, the common intestinal flora of mainly lactobacilli abundantly produces D-lactic acid from easily fermentable carbohydrates. Thus, these bacteria directly cause shifts of bicarbonate, pH, and base excess and indirectly cause shifts of the anion gap, as well as hyperventilation. These kinetic parameters are strongly associated.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Depressive symptoms favor abundant growth of salivary lactobacilli.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to study the growth of lactobacilli in subjects with depressive symptoms in the total 55-year-old population of Oulu (a medium-sized town in Finland); 780 people participated. METHODS: The dental examination included measurements of salivary lactobacillus growth with the Dentocult-LB method; measurements of salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity; and assessment of oral health status. Depressive symptoms were determined with the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). Participants were also asked about their health, medication, smoking, and dietary habits. RESULTS: The prevalence of high lactobacillus counts (> or =100,000 CFU/ml) was 22% among women and 31% among men (p = .02). Thirty-seven percent of the subjects with a high rate of depressive symptoms (ZSDS score of > or = 40) and 23% of those with an ZSDS score of < or = 39 had high counts of lactobacilli (p = .003). A logistic regression analysis with improvement of goodness of fit was made to confirm the relation between abundant lactobacilli and a high rate of depressive symptoms. After the confounding factors had been added stepwise into the logistic regression model, depressive symptoms were still significantly associated with abundant lactobacillus growth. CONCLUSIONS: The association between high lactobacillus counts and depressive symptoms suggests that depressed subjects are at risk of having caries and possibly other dental diseases that should be recognized in the treatment of these patients.

Dental Caries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of treatment regimens for vaginitis and cervicitis on vaginal colonization by lactobacilli.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the effect of various treatment regimens on vaginal colonization by H2O2-positive and H2O2-negative lactobacilli. STUDY DESIGN: The subset of women enrolled in a large longitudinal cohort study who had Chlamydia trachomatis (n = 13), bacterial vaginosis (n = 105), yeast vaginitis (n = 15), or mucopurulent cervicitis (n = 47) were compared with 93 women without genital infection from the same population. The effect of various treatment regimens on lactobacilli was evaluated. RESULTS: Use of doxycycline, azithromycin, clotrimazole, and fluconazole had little effect on vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus. Use of oral or vaginal metronidazole led to an increase in Lactobacillus, which persisted 1 month after therapy. Intravaginal clindamycin use caused a decrease 1 week post-therapy, but at 1 month, levels of lactobacilli were similar to those in the metronidazole treatment group. Women treated with oral ampicillin had a modest increase in Lactobacillus levels. CONCLUSIONS: Use of antimicrobial agents for treating vaginitis and cervicitis do not cause a decrease in vaginal colonization by Lactobacillus, which is detectable 1 week to 1 month after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Distribution of indigenous Lactobacilli in the digestive tract of conventional and gnotobiotic rats.

Distribution of indigenous lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats was investigated at the species level. The indigenous lactobacilli isolated from conventional rats were divided into three groups, Lactobacillus acidophilus and its related strains, L. fermentum, and L. murini. Localization of the Lactobacillus groups in the gastrointestinal tracts could be distinguished clearly based on arabinose and glucose fermentation reaction of isolates from each part of the gastrointestinal tract. Group I (L. acidophilus and the related strains) and Group II (L. fermentum) were the major populations of lactobacilli on the walls of the non-glandular part and in the contents of the stomachs of both conventional and gnotobiotic rats. Group I predominated in all the parts of the digestive tract of conventional rats, whereas Group II was in the minority in the lower part of the gastrointestinal tracts of both groups of rats. Group III (L. murini) was the predominant population of Lactobacillus in the lower part of small intestine of conventional rats and in all parts of the gastrointestinal tracts of gnotobiotic rats except for the wall of the non-glandular part of the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In vitro studies on distribution of indigenous lactobacilli of the gastrointestinal tract of rats.

To learn the biochemical mechanisms controlling the distribution of indigenous lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats, the effect of pH and stomach and cecal contents on lactobacillus distribution was investigated in vitro with a mixed culture of three lactobacillus strains isolated from the rat intestine. The pH of the growth medium affected the growth of lactobacilli strongly, irrespective of the lumenal contents. Lactobacillus fermentum outnumbered L. acidophilus and L. murini at low pH (PH 4.5; average pH of stomach contents of conventional rats) but at near neutral pH (pH 6.5; average pH of cecal contents of conventional rats), the growth of L. murini was predominant with all strains. More lactic acid was formed by lactobacilli in medium consisting of stomach contents than in cecal contents medium. L. murini grew in the nondialyzable fraction of the stomach contents and L. fermentum grew in the dialyzable fraction, but L. acidophilus did not grow in either fraction. L. murini grew in the nondialyzable fraction treated with hyaluronidase. In contrast, the nondialyzable fraction treated with pronase or chondroitinase did not allow L. murini to grow at all.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of lactobacilli on urinary indican excretion in gnotobiotic rats and in man.

The effect of Lactobacillus species on urinary indican excretion in two types of gnotobiotic rats (GBH-9 and GB-5) and in man was studied. L. salivarius, L. plantarum and L. casei colonized in the cecum and colon of both types of rats at levels of 10(7) to 10(8) per gram of contents following one-dose oral administration and caused a significant reduction in urinary indican excretion, whereas two strains of L. acidophilus which colonized at low levels (10(4) to 10(5)/g) did not reduce indican excretion. Daily feeding of Lactobacillus concentrates caused a further significant reduction in indican excretion which was corrected by tryptophan intake, even in the case of L. acidophilus. There was a clear relationship between fecal lactobacillus counts and urinary indican. A significant reduction of indican secretion was obtained only when the fecal counts of lactobacilli exceeded 10(7).4/g in rats. L. casei also had an effect in man, reducing urinary excretion of indican and p-cresol. Reduction in indican excretion seems to be accompanied by decreasing fecal tryptophanase activity in rats and man. A negative correlation was also obtained between fecal resident lactobacilli and urinary indican in man (r = -0.532, n = 28, p less than 0.01). Subjects with lactobacilli at a level of 10(6)/g or more excreted less indican than those harboring the bacteria at levels below 10(5)/g.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Iron complexation as a tool to direct mixed clostridia-lactobacilli fermentations.

Iron complexation was investigated as a possible tool to give lactobacilli a competitive advantage over clostridia. The iron complexing substance tested, i.e. 2,2'-dipyridyl, was not toxic itself for clostridia, but its addition to a mixed culture of lactobacilli and clostridia resulted in a strong ecological advantage of the lactobacilli.

2,2'-Dipyridyl↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of coaggregation reactions among chicken lactobacilli.

Interbacterial adherence was frequently encountered among chicken lactobacilli. Fourteen of 45 combinations involving nine adhering strains were shown to be coaggregative. The coadherence mechanism was mediated by complementary heat- and sonication-sensitive cell surface structures. It was shown that intrageneric adherence enabled lactobacilli to maintain higher numbers in fed-batch reactors simulating the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanism of coaggregation can substantially increase the colonization potential of lactobacilli in environments with short residence times.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A note on lactobacilli and beta-glucuronidase activity in the intestinal contents of mice.

A comparison was made of caecal beta-glucuronidase activity in the caecal contents of mice with or without lactobacilli as members of the normal microflora. Male mice that did not have lactobacilli as intestinal inhabitants had approximately 52% more caecal beta-glucuronidase activity than their female counterparts. Colonization of male mice by lactobacilli reduced the beta-glucuronidase activity to that of female mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Coaggregation of oral lactobacilli with streptococci from the oral cavity.

The ability of oral lactobacilli to coaggregate with streptococci and actinomycetes was investigated. Of the 7 species of lactobacilli studied, only two were capable of coaggregation and the coaggregation was restricted to streptococci. Lactobacillus salivarius strains (2/4) coaggregated with Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus crista and tufted Streptococcus sanguis II strains. Lactobacillus fermentum (2/3) coaggregated with S. gordonii and S. sanguis. The coaggregation between L. salivarius and S. salivarius, S. gordonii or tufted S. sanguis II strains was mediated by a protein on the surface of the lactobacilli and was not inhibited by lactose. The coaggregation between L. fermentum and the streptococci was mediated by protein on the surface of the streptococci and was inhibited by lactose.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2006

Gluten breakdown by lactobacilli and pediococci strains isolated from sourdough.

AIMS: To evaluate the growth and metabolic activity of lactobacilli and pediococci strains in a gluten base medium (GBM), formulated for a proper selection of proteolytic strains to be used in sourdough fermentation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Proteolytic activity by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and by the amino acids released determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Only 13 LAB (nine lactobacilli and four pediococci), among the 42 evaluated were able to utilize gluten as nitrogen source and to grow in GBM. Pediococcus pentosaceus CRL 797 showed a similar proteolytic activity to lactobacilli strains. In the majority of the cultures, basic amino acid group increased (c. 80% after 12 h incubation) mainly due to the release of ornithine, a flavour precursor of bread. Lysine, a limiting essential amino acid in wheat flour, increased by 150% in cultures of P. pentosaceus CRL 797. CONCLUSIONS: This study allows selecting P. pentosaceus CRL 797 and L. plantarum CRL 759 as potential starter culture for type III sourdough fermentation. It is shown for the first time that pediococci strains isolated from sourdough are proteolytically active on gluten. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The physiological studies on gluten breakdown by LAB will contribute to the better selection of strains to produce breads with enhanced organoleptic characteristics.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli and dental caries experiences in a US adolescent population.

Dental caries exams and saliva samples were obtained from 541 adolescents, aged 10-15, initially and after 17 months as part of a 3-yr longitudinal study investigating the relationships of dietary intakes, specific microorganisms in saliva, and the prevalence and incidence of dental caries. The mean DMFS score detected in these subjects initially was 4.61, and they developed an average of 1.38 new DMFS during the first 17-month period. Initially, S. mutans and lactobacilli were detected in 64% and 56% of these subjects, respectively. Subjects with low levels of S. mutans and lactobacilli had significantly lower initial DMFS scores and developed significantly fewer new DMFS than subjects with high counts. The predictive values of a positive result for S. mutans or lactobacilli assays were low (31% and 39%), but those for a negative result were high (81% and 84%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Dental caries, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and saliva secretion rate in adults.

In 718 Swedish patients, equally divided into four age groups (19-25, 26-45, 46-60, greater than 60 yr), salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, saliva secretion rate, and DMFS were registered. No significant differences were found between the various age groups either in salivary factors or in caries (D). Number of missing (M) and filled (F) surfaces increased with age. Prevalence of root caries, which increased with age, was significantly correlated to number of exposed root surfaces independent of age. Of the total study group, 50% had greater than or equal to 10(6) mutans streptococci and 40% had greater than or equal to 10(5) lactobacilli per mL saliva. Three percent had a saliva secretion rate of less than or equal to 0.5 mL/min. Correlation analyses showed that both mutans streptococci and lactobacilli significantly correlated to the caries prevalence but the r-value never exceeded 0.34.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

On the pH-lowering potential of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci from dental plaque related to the prevalence of caries.

The common method used today to identify persons at risk of dental caries is to estimate the numbers of cariogenic bacteria such as lactobacilli and mutans streptococci in saliva or plaque samples taken from the patient. However, the value of these bacterial counts for explaining and predicting individuals at risk of caries has not been powerful enough. Evaluating one virulence factor such as the acidogenicity of these bacteria might increase their explanatory values for caries. Sixty children aged 14-15 yrs participated in this study. Smooth surface caries and restorations were registered and total plaque samples collected. Counts of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci were estimated, and the pH-lowering potential of both bacteria was measured in an adapted glucose broth. The results showed a weak association between dental caries and lactobacilli, but in the subgroup with this bacterium the explanatory value increased to 14% and in the subgroup with a strong pH-lowering potential it was as high as 27%. For mutans streptococci the associations were weak in all groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of penicillin on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man.

The effect of penicillin on the number of oral Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man was investigated. This is of interest as S. mutans and lactobacilli are involved in the carious process while S. sanguis is not. Hamsters infected with both S. mutans and S. sanguis or only S. sanguis received penicillin in their drinking water for 14 d. The treatment reduced the proportion of S. mutans and S. sanguis in dental plaque to undetectable levels. After the penicillin treatment the population of S. mutans and S. sanguis gradually increased. In man, the effect of oral penicillin therapy was examined in 21 adults with more than 2 X 10(5) S. mutans per ml saliva. The penicillin treatment had almost no effect on the numbers of S. sanguis and lactobacilli, but a pronounced decrease in the number of S. mutans was observed. The duration of this effect, however, was short. Consequently, such treatment alone is of limited value for the control of the oral infection of these microorganisms.

Adult↗