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PubMed2026

Spatially resolved multi-omics analysis of indigenous Bacillus-fortified high-temperature Daqu.

Layer-dependent patterns associated with indigenous Bacillus fortification on high-temperature Daqu remain unclear. Here, six indigenous functional Bacillus strains were combined to fortify Daqu at three inoculation levels (QH4, QH5, QH6), with non-fortified as the control (CK). Upper, middle, and lower shelf-layer samples were profiled by physicochemical measurements, volatilomics, organic acid analysis, untargeted metabolomics, 16S/ITS amplicon sequencing, and metagenomics. PERMANOVA showed significant effects of treatment, spatial layer, and their interaction on physicochemical, volatile, bacterial, and fungal profiles (P = 0.001). Among the three inoculation levels, QH5 showed the most balanced performance: QH5_M exhibited the highest observed mean peak temperature (63.3 °C; +4.5 °C relative to CK_M), and its group-mean temperature remained ≥ 60 °C for seven consecutive days. Multi-omics analyses indicated coordinated, non-linear, and layer-dependent differences associated with indigenous Bacillus fortification, with QH5_M showing the most pronounced combined thermal, pyrazine, substrate, microbial, and predicted functional profile. These findings indicate that moderate indigenous Bacillus fortification was associated with distinct layer-dependent thermal and flavor profiles and coordinated microbial, metabolic, and predicted functional differences.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2006

Indigenous health in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific.

We survey Indigenous health issues across the Pacific with a case study approach that focuses on Australia, New Zealand, Hawai'i, and US Associated Micronesia. For each case study, we provide an overview of the Indigenous population, its colonial history, and current health and social outcomes. In the discussion that follows, we flag some of the key policy initiatives that have been developed to address Indigenous health disadvantage, albeit within the context of continuing debates about Indigenous rights and policy.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Australian Indigenous mental health.

Understanding the complexity of another culture's health concerns is fraught with difficulty, yet 'ways forward' abound. Many researchers, including Indigenous people, have recorded cultural understandings of health, and made recommendations that have influenced the planning of Indigenous peoples' mental health care. Indeed, there is anticipation with vision for the future. Australian Indigenous people have suffered many losses, which have resulted in much social unrest, and mental and spiritual sorrow. The difficulty of belonging and adjusting to two different cultural contexts has led to particular physical health and mental health concerns for some. Health for Indigenous people is viewed within a holistic and community lifestyle framework, which is related to both past and present issues, and it is not necessarily individualized or compartmentalized. A closer liaison between the health traditions of both cultures, working together with education, good will and understanding of each other's health business, and working together within mainstream health services may assist with healing, reconciliation and improved Aboriginal holistic health.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1996

The formulation of a health research agenda by and for indigenous peoples: contesting the Western scientific paradigm.

The paper addresses concerns related to the impact of Western science and technology upon indigenous communities in the face of current heightened globalization trends. Elements of the Western scientific paradigm that are antagonistic to indigenous ways of life and can result in detrimental cultural disruption are identified. In examining the Andean health paradigm, conceptual elements inherent to indigenous forms of knowledge generation are uncovered. The paper offers recommendations for the formulation of a research agenda and health promotion strategies aimed at maximizing the benefits of cultural interaction while minimizing potential damage to indigenous peoples.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2003

Improving access to cardiac rehabilitation for remote Indigenous clients.

OBJECTIVE: To identify barriers to Indigenous patients taking up a rural general practice-based cardiac rehabilitation program. We investigated the accessibility and appropriateness of the program and the role of Indigenous health workers (IHWs) in caring for Indigenous cardiac patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of knowledge and views relating to cardiac rehabilitation was undertaken with 47 Indigenous cardiac patients and 41 health professionals in remote Queensland. RESULTS: Only three patients were fully engaged in the program. Reasons for non-participation included: lack of knowledge about rehabilitation, low income, and having a large extended family. Although the program incorporated a training component for IHWs covering prevention and follow-up, most did not monitor patients specifically for their heart problems and thought they did not have adequate skills. Shared care was occurring in some settings but without the participation of IHWs. CONCLUSIONS: There was general agreement that IHWs do have a role in cardiac rehabilitation. There is a need for ongoing in-service education or inclusion in training programs. Lack of understanding of the role of IHWs is a barrier to shared care. Cardiovascular disease needs to be addressed as part of the raft of chronic illnesses. IMPLICATIONS: Training about chronic illnesses and their management needs to be linked to structural adaptations in the delivery of health services to allow efficient use of each professional's skills. Clear role delineation needs to be negotiated to allow all health professionals to carry out their job effectively.

Cardiac Rehabilitation↗
PubMed1998

Women's choice between indigenous and Western contraception in urban Mozambique.

Research on women's reproductive behavior and family planning in developing countries is usually focused on western contraceptive methods and rarely addresses indigenous contraception, such as herbs, amulets, and charms that are believed to prevent pregnancy. However, the available data demonstrate that indigenous contraception is widely known, and its prevalence often rivals that of western methods. Based on qualitative data collected in Greater Maputo, Mozambique, in 1993, this study explores and analyzes women's choice between western methods-mainly oral contraceptives, intra-uterine devices and injectables-available from state-run family planning clinics, and indigenous contraception, a combination of herbal and magical medicine, provided by traditional healers. The study demonstrates that women's choice between the two types of methods is determined by their sociodemographic characteristics and cultural background, access to these methods, perceptions of the effectiveness and undesirable side-effects of these methods, and by restrictions imposed by the providers. Although indigenous methods may not compete with western contraception in the long run, their present-day persistence warrants the attention of scholars and policymakers who intend to integrate women's concerns and constraints in the design of family planning systems.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed2003

[The sociocultural basis for indigenous peoples' health advocacy: problems and issues in the Northern Region of Brazil].

This article discusses the sociocultural basis for indigenous peoples' health advocacy in Brazil. The discussion follows two main lines of reasoning: (1) advocacy or "social control" at the local level and the functioning of local or district-level health councils and (2) the interface between the relations among large indigenous peoples' organizations in the Northern Region of Brazil and the managers of public policies for indigenous peoples' health. The information was gathered through participatory observation in regional and national health meetings and follow-up on local and district-based health councils. The article demonstrates the reinforcement of the ethnic/political movement generated by the partnership with the Ministry of Health and the contradictions generated by measures affecting indigenous peoples' health.

Brazil↗
PubMed2026

Genomic insights into local adaptation of indigenous chickens.

Indigenous chickens are an essential part of biodiversity and a vital protein resource to humans, yet global warming and environmental changes pose serious threats to their survival and productivity. Therefore, assessing population adaptive capacity under shifting environments is crucial for breeding resilient animals, and guiding conservation strategies. Here, we integrated ecological and whole-genome resequencing data from 1 022 chickens from 44 Chinese indigenous populations to reveal genomic signatures of local adaptation. From 87 agroclimatic variables, we identified eight dominant environmental factors including solar radiation, precipitation, diurnal temperature range, and five landcover variables (cropland areas, water areas, trees coverage, bare ground and shrubs coverage) that shape ecological niches of indigenous chickens. Landscape and comparative genomics analyses revealed both known and novel candidate genes, such as UNC80, PTPRO, NCOR2, CSF2RB, NXT2 and PALLD for the solar radiation, precipitation, diurnal temperature range, cropland areas, trees coverage and bare ground, respectively. Particularly, adaptive non-coding variants harbored in these genes exhibited spatial allelic changes across populations and acted as regulatory elements via chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation, influencing adaptation in a tissue-specific manner. Our findings underscore the rich genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous chickens and provide new insights into genomic mechanisms of local adaptation, offering valuable references for domestic animal breeding, conservation, and climate resilience.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Top end rural and remote Indigenous women: an Australian population group vulnerable to rubella.

Australian efforts to prevent cases of congenital rubella syndrome have been largely successful, although concerns that eradication has not yet been achieved are ongoing. This paper describes an Australian population group with a vulnerability to rubella which has not previously been reported. Fewer than 75 per cent of Indigenous women from rural and remote communities who gave birth at Royal Darwin Hospital in 1999 and were tested for rubella antenatally had adequate levels of immunity. By comparison Indigenous and non-Indigenous women living in the Darwin urban area had a prevalence of adequate immunity to rubella on antenatal testing of > 90 per cent, similar to estimates for other Australian-born population groups. Action is required to reduce the risk of cases of congenital rubella syndrome occurring in rural and remote Indigenous communities in the Top End, and may be needed in rural and remote settings elsewhere in Australia. Ensuring each child, adolescent and young adult has received two doses of Measles Mumps Rubella vaccine as part of their primary immunization course will provide increased protection. In addition, more women lacking adequate rubella immunity need to be vaccinated postnatally than was found in this study. Providers of women's care would be assisted in this task if laboratories adopted a standardized approach to reporting the results of antenatal rubella serology tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Indigenous mental health: the Rainbow Serpent awakening.

Understanding the complexity of another culture's health concerns is fraught with difficulty yet "Ways Forward" abound. Many researchers, including Indigenous people, have recorded cultural understandings of health, and made recommendations which have influenced the planning of Indigenous peoples' mental health care. Indeed, the Rainbow Serpent is active. Australian Indigenous people have suffered many losses which have resulted in much social unrest, and mental and spiritual sorrow. The difficulties of belonging in and adjusting to two different cultural contexts for some has led to particular physical health and mental health concerns. Health for Indigenous people is viewed within a holistic, and community lifestyle framework, related to both past and present issues, and it is not necessarily individualised or compartmentalised. A closer liaison between the health traditions of both cultures, working together with education, good will, and understanding of each other's health business, and within mainstream health services, may assist with healing, reconciliation and improved Aboriginal holistic health.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

Funding sources and consequences: the subverting of an Indigenous community outreach program.

INTRODUCTION: The Yolngu people of North-east Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia, have lived with alcohol for just over 30 years. For some it has had devastating health, social, family and cultural impacts. This is particularly the case for a group of Yolngu people who permanently or transiently camp on the fringes of the predominately non-Indigenous township of Nhulunbuy. The Miwatj Health Aboriginal Corporation Outreach Program was a response to alcohol use by this Aboriginal community. An evaluation, in consultation with Miwatj Health, sought to examine the conception, development and success of the Outreach Program. METHODS: This was a qualitative study that used: unconcealed participant observation, formal semi-structured interviews, group interviews, opportunistic impromptu discussion, and documentary/archival review. Interviews were conducted with Outreach Program staff, Yolngu community members, Aboriginal health workers, Miwatj Health doctors, Living with Alcohol representatives, the town administrator, Nhulunbuy police sergeant, the publican and local council officer. Group interviews were conducted with two groups of campers, Outreach Program workers and Aboriginal health care workers. DISCUSSION: For the Yolngu people the focus of the Outreach Program was meant to be on talking with and counselling drinkers, cultural activities, and liaising with other substance misuse programs and the police. The Outreach Program has achieved some success and helped a small number of Yolngu to limit their alcohol use and reconnect with the community. However, the Outreach Program has come to focus more and more on cleaning up litter; a key issue for the non-Indigenous community. CONCLUSION: This article focused on one key finding from the evaluation and that is the impact that funding (or lack of funding), the source of funding and the parameters imposed by funding bodies can have on the success or otherwise of a community driven program. The ability of Indigenous communities to determine appropriate program approaches and implementation is undermined when funding sources place restrictions which reflect non-Indigenous values and dominate program outcomes.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2006

Educating to improve population health outcomes in chronic disease: an innovative workforce initiative across remote, rural and Indigenous communities in northern Australia.

INTRODUCTION: Like Indigenous populations in other countries, an epidemic of chronic disease has swept across Australia's Indigenous communities in the past decade. The Northern Territory and Queensland health departments initiated preventable chronic disease strategies in 1999 and 2001, respectively. Yet finding innovative ways to translate this to the health workforce was challenging. Through support from the Australian Government, three universities, two health departments and two Indigenous organisations worked in partnership to improve workforce capacity in remote and rural communities through innovative education. METHODS: The methods included: (i) a training needs analysis consisting of 76 semi-structured interviews with key informants, and 35 surveys of remote staff; (ii) a literature and resource review; (iii) the development of a curriculum framework using: the existing competencies and standards across the health disciplines; the identified workforce needs; and what the workforce can impact upon; (iv) a multidisciplinary workshop with 35 educators across northern Australia that resulted in the basis for agreement of the final curriculum content and framework; (v) the development of a chronic disease self-assessment tool that was piloted with remote health staff; (vi) an assisted integration process for key stakeholders. An evaluation framework was also developed, as a separate project, in conjunction with the project partners during this time. RESULTS: This project identified that a paradigm shift is required in the way in which we educate the entire health workforce to deal effectively with the impact of chronic disease across remote, rural and Indigenous populations. In particular a need was found to educate the educators in the chronic care model and in using a population health approach. The training needs analysis identified very little difference between the education and training needs across the rural and remote health disciplines; it was perceived that they managed chronic disease fairly well yet found prevention and early detection to be at the 'hard end'. The main barriers identified were the demands of acute care over chronic disease management, compounded by high workforce turnover in remote areas. The curriculum framework, in particular the domains of remote practice, is being used by several Australian universities, health departments and non-government organisations in adapting their existing or new education programs. The self-assessment tool was based on the curriculum outcomes and was piloted in 2005 and found to be very useful for pre- and post-training purposes and as a discussion starter for all disciplines and groups. CONCLUSIONS: A practical curriculum framework now exists to integrate a population health approach for the prevention and early detection of chronic disease when educating the primary healthcare workforce. It is relevant to all health disciplines and is flexible in that it can be adapted, or adopted, depending on the educational needs of the disciplinary group. It is being imbedded into numerous undergraduate, postgraduate, and professional development programs in Australia. It includes: the core learning outcomes expected of any workforce, resources, and a self-assessment tool in chronic disease. These tools are assisting educators in the required paradigm shift required of the workforce to alter the single disease based practice model towards a comprehensive and integrated population based approach required for the workforce in the 21st century.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1993

Potential for gene transfer from recombinant Escherichia coli K-12 used in bovine somatotropin production to indigenous bacteria in river water.

This study examined the transfer of the plasmid pBGH1, an expression vector for bovine somatotropin (BST), from Escherichia coli K-12 strain W3110G [pBGH1] to indigenous microorganisms present in flasks containing Missouri River water. Strain LBB269 is a nalidixic acid-resistant derivative of W3110G which was used as a plasmid-free control strain in these studies. Water samples were inoculated with strains W3110G [pBGH1] and LBB269; after 21 days of incubation the number of viable colony-forming units (CFU) of W3110G [pBGH1] and LBB269 were reduced from an initial level of about 1 x 10(7) CFU per ml to less than 1 CFU per 100 ml. At this time indigenous microbes resistant to both ampicillin and tetracycline (the antibiotic resistance markers on pBGH1) were isolated from 100 ml of water from each of the flasks inoculated with either strain W3110G [pBGH1] or LBB269. Plasmid DNA was isolated from these organisms and examined for sequences containing the gene for BST from pBGH1, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. As expected, the day 0 sample from the flask inoculated with E. coli K-12 strain W3110G [pBGH1] gave a positive PCR response and the day 0 sample from the flask inoculated with E. coli K-12 strain LBB269 gave a negative PCR response. All of the day 21 samples containing indigenous microbes isolated from flasks that were inoculated with either W3110G [pBGH1] or LBB269 were negative in the PCR assay, indicating that the target sequence from pBGH1 was not present in any of these indigenous microorganisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Single primer amplification reaction methods reveal exotic and indigenous mulberry varieties are similarly diverse.

Mulberry is the sole food source for mulberry silkworm and a number of indigenous and exotic varieties are used in sericulture. Studies on assessment of genetic diversity have been done amongst a few mulberry varieties using one or at the most two methods. However, no comprehensive study on a large number of varieties has been carried out. In present study, single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) methods have been used for determination of diversity in 27 mulberry varieties (exotic as well as indigenous), using four minisatellite core sequence primers for directed amplification of minisatellite DNA (DAMD), three simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs as primers for inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 20 arbitrary sequence decamer primers for ran-dom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) reactions. The Jaccard coefficients were determined for the DAMD, ISSR and RAPD band data (total of 58, 39 and 235 bands respectively). All three methods revealed wide range of distances supporting a wide range of mulberry genetic diversity. A cumulative analysis of the data generated by three methods resulted in a neighbour-joining (NJ) tree that gave a better reflection of the relatedness and affinities of the varieties to each other. Comparison of the three methods by marker indices and the Mantel test of correlation indicated that though all methods were useful for the assessment of diversity in mulberry, the DAMD method was better. When considered as two groups (10 exotic and 17 indigenous varieties), the mulberry varieties in the exotic group were found to have slightly greater diversity than the indigenous ones. These results support the concept of naturalization of mulberry varieties at locales distant from their origins.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2006

An indigenous drought-tolerant strain of Glomus intraradices associated with a native bacterium improves water transport and root development in Retama sphaerocarpa.

The effects of interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis, a drought-adapted bacterium, and two isolates of Glomus intraradices, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, on Retama sphaerocarpa, a drought-adapted legume, were investigated. The fungal isolates were an indigenous drought-tolerant and a nonindigenous drought-sensitive isolate. Shoot length and root growth, symbiotic parameters, water transport (in terms of percent relative plant water uptake), and volumetric soil moisture and soil enzymatic activities in response to microbial inoculations were evaluated. Retama plants colonized by G. intraradices plus Bacillus possessed similar shoot length after 30 days from sowing compared with noninoculated Retama plants after 150 days. Inoculation with drought-adapted bacterium increased root growth by 201%, but maximum root development was obtained by co-inoculation of B. thuringiensis and the indigenous G. intraradices. Nodules were formed only in plants colonized by autochthonous AM fungi. Relative water uptake was higher in inoculated than in noninoculated Retama plants, and these inoculants depleted soil water content concomitantly. G. intraradices-colonized Retama reached similar shoot length irrespective of the fungal origin, but there were strong differences in relative water uptake by plants colonized by each one of the fungi. Indigenous G. intraradices-colonized roots (evaluated as functional alkaline phosphatase staining) showed the highest intensity and arbuscule richness when associated with B. thuringiensis. The interactive microbial effects on Retama plants were more relevant when indigenous microorganisms were involved. Co-inoculation of autochthonous microorganisms reduced by 42% the water required to produce 1 mg of shoot biomass. This is the first evidence of the effectiveness of rhizosphere bacterium, singly or associated with AM fungus, in increasing plant water uptake, which represents a positive microbial effect on plants grown under drought environments.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2003

Indigenous and introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to plant growth in two agricultural soils from south-western Australia.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi occur in all agricultural soils but it is not easy to assess the contribution they make to plant growth under field conditions. Several approaches have been used to investigate this, including the comparison of plant growth in the presence or absence of naturally occurring AM fungi following soil fumigation or application of fungicides. However, treatments such as these may change soil characteristics other than factors directly involving AM fungi and lead to difficulties in identifying the reason for changes in plant growth. In a glasshouse experiment, we assessed the contribution of indigenous AM fungi to growth of subterranean clover in undisturbed cores of soil from two agricultural field sites (a cropped agricultural field at South Carrabin and a low input pasture at Westdale). We used the approach of estimating the benefit of AM fungi by comparing the curvature coefficients (C) of the Mitscherlich equation for subterranean clover grown in untreated field soil, in field soil into which inoculum of Glomus invermaium was added and in soil fumigated with methyl bromide. It was only possible to estimate the benefit of mycorrhizas using this approach for one soil (Westdale) because it was the only soil for which a Mitscherlich response to the application of a range of P levels was obtained. The mycorrhizal benefit (C of mycorrhizal vs. non-mycorrhizal plants or C of inoculated vs. uninoculated plants) of the indigenous fungi corresponded with a requirement for phosphate by plants that were colonised by AM fungi already present in the soil equivalent to half that required by non-mycorrhizal plants. This benefit was independent of the plant-available P in the soil. There was no additional benefit of inoculation on plant growth other than that due to increased P uptake. Indigenous AM fungi were present in both soils and colonised a high proportion of roots in both soils. There was a higher diversity of morphotypes of mycorrhizal fungi in roots of plants grown in the Westdale soil than in the South Carrabin soil that had a history of high phosphate fertilizer use in the field. Inoculation with G. invermaium did not increase the level of colonisation of roots by mycorrhizal fungi in either soil, but it replaced approximately 20% of the root length colonised by the indigenous fungi in Westdale soil at all levels of applied P. The proportion of colonised root length replaced by G. invermaium in South Carrabin soil varied with the level of application of P to the soil; it was higher at intermediate levels of recently added soil P.

Medicago↗
PubMed2006

Indigenous community-based fisheries in Australia.

The commercial sea cucumber species known as Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) occurs intertidally and subtidally in the Northern Territory of Australia, on or adjacent to Aboriginal land. A 4-yr program of community-based fisheries research with Aboriginal Australians was implemented to assess the viability of indigenous Australians' involvement in the wild-stock fishery. The research involved extensive and intensive indigenous participation, unusual in Australian biophysical sciences research, during field survey and habitat mapping, complemented by commercial catch data modelling and discussion of its implications. Field surveys produced Sandfish distribution and site-specific density, and revealed some areas that were not commercially fished. Catch data modelling results suggested that no additional effort could be sustained, however commercial fishers increased their effort, expanding their operations into the newly mapped areas. These actions effectively precluded indigenous peoples' aspirations of entry into the commercial fishery. The efficacy and outcomes of participatory program design with indigenous Australians need critique in the absence of the political will and statutory backing to provide equitable access to resources.

Australia↗
PubMed2004

Indigenous pulmonary Propionibacterium acnes primes the host in the development of sarcoid-like pulmonary granulomatosis in mice.

Although many cases of sarcoidosis are self-limiting with spontaneous remission, uncontrolled pulmonary granulomatosis with fibrosis produces intolerable long-term respiratory symptoms in a minority of patients. Individuals with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis require an alternative therapy to corticosteroidal treatment because of its insufficient effectiveness. Although many researchers have considered infection as the triggering factor for this disease, the mechanisms by which the candidate causative organisms induce this disorder remain unclear. We report here that extrapulmonary sensitization to Propionibacterium acnes, which is one of the candidates to date, induced pulmonary Th-1 granulomas mainly in the subpleural and peribronchovascular regions often observed in sarcoidosis. These granulomas appear to be caused by indigenous P. acnes pre-existing in the lower respiratory tract of the normal lung, which is believed to be germ-free, and by an influx of P. acnes-sensitized CD4(+) T cells from the circulation. Importantly, the eradication of indigenous P. acnes with antibiotics alleviated the granulomatous lung disease. This is the first report to present clear evidence of the contribution of an indigenous pulmonary bacterium to the formation of granulomatous lesions in the lung. We propose that treatment targeting indigenous P. acnes in the lung may be a possible remedy for pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Animals↗