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Results for “developmental dynamics”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Middle age: some early returns-a commentary.

Four papers, differing in research design and using both longitudinal and cross-sectional data, came to a number of convergent conclusions: there was little evidence for a midlife crisis; stability was most prominent during the forty-to fifty-year decade; sex differences were striking, this period being most stressful for women; stable personality characteristics show interactions with role-stage expectations. Caveats as to generalizability of conclusions and lack of cohort comparison were stated. Certain theoretical issues were discussed related to the meaning of "middle age," developmental dynamics, and sources of stability and change.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

The failure of therapeutic communities, drug treatment, and rehabilitation programs.

A positive behavioral modification program is described. This program has been useful in dealing with "Borderline Personality Organization" in residential treatment centers. It is pointed out that behavioral modification programs are more effective if designed around an analytically-based understanding of the developmental dynamics which contributed to the behavior.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed2004

The evaluation life cycle: a retrospective assessment of stages and phases of the circles of care initiative.

A life cycle metaphor characterizes the evolving relationship between the evaluator and program staff. This framework suggests that common developmental dynamics occur in roughly the same order across groups and settings. There are stage-specific dynamics that begin with Pre-History, which characterize the relationship between the grantees and evaluator. The stages are: (a) Pre-History, (b) Process, (c) Development, (d) Action, (e) Findings-Compilation, and (f) Transition. The common dynamics, expectations, and activities for each stage are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Imprinting of a genomic domain of 11p15 and loss of imprinting in cancer: an introduction.

Our laboratory has found genomic imprinting of a large genomic domain of human 11p15.5, identifying six imprinted genes within this domain: (a) insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), an important autocrine growth factor in a wide variety of malignancies; (b) H19, an untranslated RNA that is a putative growth suppressor gene regulating IGF-II; (c) p57KIP2, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that causes G1-S arrest; (d) KvLQT1, a voltage-gated potassium channel; (e) TSSC3, a gene that is homologous to mouse TDAG51, which is implicated in Fas-mediated apoptosis; and (f) TSSC5, a putative transmembrane protein-encoding gene. We hypothesize that 11p15 harbors a large domain of imprinted growth-regulatory genes that are important in cancer. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis: (a) we have discovered a novel genetic alteration in cancer, loss of imprinting, which affects several of these genes, and is one of the most common genetic changes in human cancer; (b) we have found that the hereditary disorder Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, which predisposes to cancer and causes prenatal overgrowth, involves alterations in p57KIP2, IGF-II, H19, and KvLQT1; (c) we have found both genetic (somatic mutation in Wilms' tumor) and epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation) in cancer; and (d) we can partially reverse abnormal imprinting using an inhibitor of DNA methylation. We propose a model of genomic imprinting as a dynamic developmental process involving a chromosomal domain. According to this model, cancer involves both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms affecting this imprinted domain and the genes within it.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The future of partial hospitalization.

The partial-hospitalization modality has a long history but has not yet been able to enter into the mainstream of psychiatric treatments. The developmental dynamics of the modality are explored and juxtaposed to ideological developments which control policy formation and decision making. Strategies for influencing policy making in directions which are favorable to the modality are discussed.

Day Care, Medical↗
PubMed1999

5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine-induced dysmorphogenesis in the rat.

5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (d-AZA) causes temporally related defects in the developing mouse. Treatment of 1.0 mg/kg on gestation day (GD) 8 results in axial skeletal defects; on GD9, cleft palate and vertebral defects; on GD10, hindlimb phocomelia; and on GD11, digital defects. An unusual aspect of d-AZA teratogenicity in mice is that the phocomelia appears to be specific to the hindlimb, and the forelimb is not similarly affected regardless of treatment day. The current study was initiated to evaluate the embryonic response of another species, the rat, to this unique teratogen. Pregnant Sprague Dawley (CD) rats were treated with d-AZA or vehicle control. The compound was administered i.p. on GD9, 10, 11, or 12 to parallel developmental staging of the mouse. The highest dose (1.0 mg/kg) elicited effects indicating increased sensitivity to the compound in the rat as compared to the mouse. GD9 treatment was characterized by massive resorptions; GD10, by a predominance of axial skeletal defects and cleft palate; GD11, by a predominance of forelimb phocomelia and missing ribs; and GD12 by hindlimb phocomelia and forelimb digit defects. These data indicate significant differences in the developmental responses to d-AZA of the mouse and the rat. This may reflect interspecies differences in the temporal expression of genes involved in morphogenesis and/or the methylation patterns of such genes. Molecular data generated in the mouse will be compared to that of the rat to further characterize the developmental dynamics responsible for the interspecies differences. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 19:329-338, 1999.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2001

Improved interactive medical and public health education in Japan and Korea.

We have carried out case based comparative studies in Japan, US and Korea with special reference to the medical education programme using standardized patients (SPs). The schools in US we have visited are still in the process further reforming interactive medical education. In Daegu, Korea, five medical schools have jointly started a working group for the betterment of medical education on a regular basis from the year 1999. The emphasis is on cooperative research on standardized patient training and its application. In Japan, the substantial activities for training and implementing SPs were later followed by several citizens who are active in training and providing SPs to medical schools and hospitals in need. In comparison to the established research oriented framework and flexible application of SPs in US and new & dynamic developmental discussions of SPs in Korea, the Japanese reality is a bit behind with less opportunity for research oriented trials.

Competency-Based Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Excretion of catecholamines in development of the opium and alcohol abstinence syndrome and in post-abstinence period].

Excretion of catecholamines has been studied in patients with opium narcotic and alcoholic dependence in developmental dynamics of the opium and alcoholic abstinence syndrome and in the postabstinence period. It has been revealed that 8-10 h after cessation of the psychoactive substances (the preabstinence period) the level of excretion of adrenaline [A], dioxyphenylalanine [DOPA], dopamine [DA] and, to the greatest extent, of noradrenaline [NA] especially in patients with alcoholic dependence decreases in comparison with the control variant. As compared to the control variant the acute form of abstinence syndrome (1-3 days after cessation of the psychoactive substances is characterized by the higher level of the A and DA excretion and the lower level of the NA excretion (especially in patients with opium narcotic dependence). As compared to the preabstinence period under conditions of the acute abstinence syndrome there is an essential increase in the level of the A, NA, DOPA and DA excretion. As compared to the control variant the postabstinence period (10-20 days after cessation) is characterized by the lower level of the NA excretion, especially in patients with alcoholic dependence, and of DOPA. The level of DA decreases in patients with alcoholic dependence. As compared to the acute abstienence syndrome the postabstinence period differs by the lower level of the A, NA (especially in patients with alcoholic dependence), DOPA (only inpatients with alcoholic dependence) and of DA excretion.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1991

[Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity in the digestive tract in lambs in relation to age].

Developmental dynamics was investigated in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, E.C. 1.4.1.2.-4) and glutamine synthetase (GS, E.C. 6.3.1.2) in different parts of the digestive tract of lambs, in dependence on the age from 10 to 90 days; the goal of these investigations was to elucidate in greater detail the role of the above enzymes in nitrogen metabolism. The activity of GDH, and of the coenzymes NADH and NADPH, was followed in the digesta because simple organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants) have two glutamate dehydrogenases: they differ from each other by coenzyme specificity, unlike GDH from animal sources which can utilize both NADH coenzyme and NADPH coenzyme (Fahien et al., 1965; Frieden, 1964). The following activities of GDH and GS were found out in trials with lambs at the age of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 90 days, as to the different parts of digestive tract: in the tissues of rumen, omasum, reticulum, spleen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, int. caecum and colon the activity of GDH (NADH) varied from 0.031 to 0.305 nkat/mg dry matter, in the digesta from 0 to 2.92 nkat/mg dry matter. An investigation of GDH (NADH, NADPH) dynamics in the digesta of lambs showed the relatively high activity of GDH (NADH) in the digesta of colon at the age of 10 days and that of GDH (NADPH) in the digesta of int. caecum. The activity of GDH (NADH) was also found to be high in the digesta of int. caecum at the age of 20 days. In that period the activity of GDH (NADH, NADPH) in the digesta of rumen, omasum and reticulum was zero.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA and protein are present in human placental and uterine cells at early and late stages of gestation.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a polypeptide that regulates cellular growth and modulates the synthesis of various cell surface and secreted molecules, has been identified in the pregnant uterus. To determine which specific cells transcribed and translated this gene, extraembryonic fetal tissues (placenta and membranes) and uterine tissue from early and late stages of gestation were analyzed for TNF-alpha mRNA by in situ hybridization using biotinylated antisense and sense TNF-alpha probes, and for immunoreactive TNF-alpha using two monoclonal antibodies. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha transcripts and protein were identified in both extraembryonic and maternal cells. In first-trimester placental villi, TNF-alpha mRNA was present in syncytiotrophoblast but was low to absent in cytotrophoblast and villous stromal cells. Decidual and epithelial cells in maternal tissues contained TNF-alpha transcripts. In term placentas, both syncytiotrophoblast and villous stromal cells contained TNF-alpha mRNA, and transcripts were present in maternal cells in the decidua adjacent to the extraplacental membranes. In both first-trimester and term tissues, coincident expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and immunoreactive TNF-alpha was demonstrated. The results of this study show that TNF-alpha is synthesized by cells in both extraembryonic membranes and maternal tissues during human gestation and that transcription in specific types of cells is influenced by gestational age. These observations are consistent with a major role for TNF-alpha in the dynamic developmental events of human pregnancy.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1989

[The "envelope" versus the biomechanical function of the spine].

As a continuation of argumentation presented in a number of previous communications, the author advocates the view according to which the developing spine and its neural content ["spinal cord-nerve roots complex"] are linked by an equally intimate morphogenetic relation like that existing between the brain and its skeletogenic envelope. A specific feature of the neurovertebral developmental relation consists in the fact that the elongated spinal cord-nerve roots complex is enveloped by its skeletogenic case both in the transversal and in the longitudinal direction. The matter is further complicated by lagging of the spinal neural growth behind that of the vertebral column. The development of the basic anatomical features of the individual vertebrae such as their length and width, the girth of the vertebral body as well as the shape of the intervertebral foramina cannot be understood without taking into account the gross developmental dynamics of the two main components of the axial organ, viz., of the spinal cord-nerve roots complex and of the vertebral column.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Ultrastructural bases of the development of the neural apparatus of the heart].

By means of electron microscopy developmental dynamics of the human and mammalian innervation has been studied during prenatal period of ontogenesis. Regularities in formation of the intracardiac nervous ganglia and in differentiation of nervous-muscular connections in the myocardium have been stated. Ultrastructural peculiarities of proneuroblasts and the nervous fiber terminals, growing to differentiating cardiomyocytes have been described during the premediator stage of the vegetative nervous system development. Peculiarities of synaptogenesis have been followed, among them those demonstrated as heterochromic formation of pre- and post-synaptic membrane and as uneven accumulation of synaptic vesicles. Development of the nervous-muscular connections have been studied. At the beginning of the mediator stage of the vegetative nervous system development formation of simple contacts between the nervous terminals and cardiomyocytes is intensified, and glial tunics develop rather poorly. Therefore, at the beginning the terminal parts of axons are not surrounded with processes of gliocytes. Simultaneously, formation of small intensively luminescent cells takes place. Development of afferent nervous terminals occurs not only in the myocardium, but in the intracardiac ganglia.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Manifestations of genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in populations of Shigella sonnei and of humans at different phases of the development of the epidemic process].

The study of the structure and developmental dynamics of S. sonnei populations and the state of local immunity to this infection in children under school age has revealed that the interaction of the heterogeneous populations of the parasite and the host is the internal motive force of the self-regulating phasic development of the epidemic process. In the course of this process complementary changes in the virulence of the infective agent and in the immunoresistance of children are generated on the basis of negative feed-back.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

[Morphogenesis and histophysiology of the corpus luteum].

A great amount of different problems on morphogenesis and histophysiology of the corpus luteum is presented, with an emphasis on light optic and ultrastructural data that characterize the developmental dynamics of the corpus luteum. The vascular reaction is described in details, beginning from the preovulatory period. The total high vascularization rate is demonstrated and certain information on ultrastructure of newly formed capillaries and macrophages is concerned with. For the first time the authors' data on intravascular macrophages are given. The role of macrophages in the function and structural dynamics of the corpus luteum is discussed. Owing to the results obtained histochemically, ultrastructurally and biochemically, the subject on dynamics of the corpus luteum hormonoproduction, on processes participating in the hormone secretion, as well as on the role of the interstitial tissue in the corpus luteum formation is considered. The data from the literature and those of the authors are presented concerning the means and ways of progesteron transport in the form of vesicles, granules, or by means of molecular diffusion. Participation of the corpus luteum macrophages (tissue and vascular ones) in processes of synthesis and transport of progesteron is analysed. The role of prostaglandins in the chain of regulation of development, function and involution of the corpus luteum is studied. The changes in balance of prostaglandins, when prostaglandin F2 is administered result in decreasing amount of progesterone in blood. In the experiment, synthesis of prostaglandins is blocked by indometacin administration and it causes certain disturbances in luteal transformation.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1981

[Allergic skin reaction in cattle to inactivated adenovirus allergens].

Comparative investigations were carried out of the skin allergic reaction in cattle infected with adenoviruses, using purified proteins and unpurified homologous allergens. All calves and cows that responded positively in the skin allergic test were shown to yield equal results, i.e. the allergic response with the use of the first type allergens coincided with that obtained with the other type, however, at the site of injecting the semipurified allergens the reaction was more strongly expressed. At visual reading the edema was well limited, projecting and better seen. There were certain age-associated differences in the developmental dynamics of the skin allergic reaction. The more advanced the age of cattle the higher the specific supersensitivity. On the base of results obtained in comparative investigations with a view to practically employing the test it is suggested to use semipurified adenoviral allergens.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1983

[Enterococci and coliforms in yellow sheep cheese].

The developmental dynamic of enterococci and coliforms was followed up in the entire technologic process and the storage of kashkaval (yellow cheese of ewe milk) under the conditions of modern industrial production. It was found that during the whole industrial cycle up to the steam cooking of curd the amount of enterococci grew and reached its peak value in the cheddarized cheese curd (2.4--30 million per gram), increasing from 10 to 34 times as against its level in the initial milk used. The coliform bacteria also rose in number, and their amount reached maximum values of 10 to 120 mill/g in the processed and dipped curd, after which a slowly advancing reduction set in. Species of the Enterobacter (55.1%), Escherichia (14.1%), Citrobacter (19.2%), and Klebsiella (11.5%) genera were isolated. The steam cooking of cheddarized curd produced an unfavourable effect on enterococci (pasteurization effect of up to 98.3 to 99.9%) and a lethal effect on the coliforms. Enterococci that resisted steaming multiplied in kashkaval and reached their highest level--960 000 up to 39 mill/g--between the 30th and the 60th day of production after which their numbers dropped. Their amount in the ripened product varied from 95000 to 17.8 mill/g, and on the 240th following production--from below 100 to 1.6 mill/g. Coliform bacteria were not found in 0.1 g of the product mass during ripening and storage of kashkaval. Out of the 196 strains that were differentiated as enterococci 30.7 per cent of the fecalis subgroup, and 69.3 per cent--of the Sp. faecium-durans subgroup. After steaming 92.3 per cent of the strains were of the Str. faecium and Str. durans species.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Recommended nutritional norms for infants and pre-school children].

The authors analyzing the results of investigations carried out the National Research Institute of Mother and Child and in many other competent scientific centres in the world, compare recommended nutritional norms for infants and for pre-school age children. They pay attention to particular characteristics of the developmental dynamics of growth which determine requirements for all food components. The authors present this problem in the light of data resulting from scientific objectivity of this problem creating scientific basis of nutrition. In many cases, particularly with reference to the requirements and recommendation of intake of food constituents, mostly in infancy, they are discussed on the basis of the research carried out at the Department of Nutrition and the Clinical Department of Nutritional Physiology of the National Research Institute of Mother and Child. According to the investigations the following daily nutritional norms are recommended: 2,6-3,6 g of protein, 3,0-3,5 g of fat, about 12 g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body mass. The authors stress that the quality of the products being the source of these nutritional components should also be scientifically investigated. In infancy it is very important that the milk is modified in such a way that it is similar to the human milk which constitutes the best example of quality and quantity to cover the requirements in the most dynamic period of development of a human being.

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗