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PubMed2004

Inter-relationships of nutrient intakes for urban Chinese spouses in Taiwan.

This study was to examine dietary intakes and the inter-relationships in urban Chinese spouses in Taipei, Taiwan. We analyzed the dietary intakes and related household factors for 82 wives and their husbands by 24-h recalls and a Chinese food frequency questionnaire (CFFQ) designed with meal sequences in Taipei, Taiwan. The distributions of energy assessed from CFFQ by meals were similar for husbands and wives, with 16% for breakfast, 39% for lunch, 40% for dinner and 5% for snacks (afternoon and evening combined). Assessed by 24-h recalls, the means for total energy, the energy per kilogram body weight, and the percent energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrate were different: 2394 kcal, 34.4 kcal/kg, 31%, 15%, and 51% for husbands; and 1729 kcal, 32.0 kcal/kg, 34%, 16%, and 50% for wives, respectively. The P/M/S (polyunsaturated fat/monounsaturated fat/saturated fat) ratios were 1.5/1.2/1 for husbands and 1.3/1.2/1 for wives. A high eating-out frequency may account for the low correlations for most nutrient intakes between husbands and wives. Canonical correlation analysis for total energy, protein and carbohydrate reveals significant inter-relationships between husbands and wives. Carbohydrate is the consistent and important variable that weighted in an opposite direction with protein and energy intakes in both husbands and wives. These results support the observation that decreased rice consumption as a staple food, cooked at home, for urban Chinese couples, indicated by decreased carbohydrate intake in wives, may account for the increase of energy and protein intakes for husbands.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Use of two-block partial least-squares to study covariation in shape.

The relatively new two-block partial least-squares method for analyzing the covariance between two sets of variables is described and contrasted with the well-known method of canonical correlation analysis. Their statistical properties, type of answers, and visualization techniques are discussed. Examples are given to show its usefulness in comparing two sets of variables--especially when one or both of the sets of variables are shape variables from a geometric morphometric study.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2026

Bridging genotype, phenotype, and clinical insight: the role of multi-omics in cardiovascular disease.

INTRODUCTION: It is increasingly evident that the multifactorial nature of cardiovascular disease requires the combination of different omics approaches for improving our mechanistic understanding, identifying novel drug targets, and developing accurate diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarker panels. AREAS COVERED: We review the current state and the potential of multi-omics in cardiovascular disease, with a specific focus on plasma-, spatial-, and single-cell approaches. We discuss lipidomics as a genotype‑to‑phenotype bridge, the utility of remote longitudinal monitoring via microsampling/dried blood spots, and emerging clinical‑trial integrations of multi-omics approaches. We outline critical gaps in standardization and how to overcome these, pre‑analytical challenges and constraints that are often neglected, and data‑integration methods spanning from canonical correlation analysis to modern machine learning approaches. EXPERT OPINION: Multi‑omics can shape cardiovascular care by identifying drug targets in diseased tissue and by yielding small, usable biomarker panels.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Neuropsychological information in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised.

The relationships among Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised profiles (WAIS-R), Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) profiles and Halstead Retian Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB) profiles were examined in two samples of patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Canonical correlation analysis suggested that the average level of WAIS-R profiles was related to the average level and scatter of LNNB profiles, Overall performance on the HRNB was less strongly related to overall performance on the WAIS-R than was the LNNB. Patients who were similar to a WAIS-R modal profile characterized by relative deficits on performance subtests were more likely to be similar to LNNB modal profiles characterized by relative impairments on sensorimotor subtests. Patients who were similar to a WAIS-R modal profile characterized by relative deficits on verbal subtests were more likely to be similar to LNNB modal profiles characterized by relative impairments on either language subtests or conceptual subtests. Patients classified into an HRNB profile type characterized by strengths on the Aphasia Screening subtest were more likely to show strengths on WAIS-R verbal subtests. However, less than 8 % of the total samples could be jointly classified into both the requisite WAIS-R profile clusters and one of the associated LNNB or HRNB profile clusters. WAIS-R subtest profile level may be a useful statistic to screen for neuropsychological deficits, but WAIS-R patterns are essentially useless for neuropsychological screening. Discussion focuses on the role of the WAIS-R in neuropsychological evaluations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Extracting active pathways from gene expression data.

MOTIVATION: A promising way to make sense out of gene expression profiles is to relate them to the activity of metabolic and signalling pathways. Each pathway usually involves many genes, such as enzymes, which can themselves participate in many pathways. The set of all known pathways can therefore be represented by a complex network of genes. Searching for regularities in the set of gene expression profiles with respect to the topology of this gene network is a way to automatically extract active pathways and their associated patterns of activity. METHOD: We present a method to perform this task, which consists in encoding both the gene network and the set of profiles into two kernel functions, and performing a regularized form of canonical correlation analysis between the two kernels. RESULTS: When applied to publicly available expression data the method is able to extract biologically relevant expression patterns, as well as pathways with related activity.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Protein network inference from multiple genomic data: a supervised approach.

MOTIVATION: An increasing number of observations support the hypothesis that most biological functions involve the interactions between many proteins, and that the complexity of living systems arises as a result of such interactions. In this context, the problem of inferring a global protein network for a given organism, using all available genomic data about the organism, is quickly becoming one of the main challenges in current computational biology. RESULTS: This paper presents a new method to infer protein networks from multiple types of genomic data. Based on a variant of kernel canonical correlation analysis, its originality is in the formalization of the protein network inference problem as a supervised learning problem, and in the integration of heterogeneous genomic data within this framework. We present promising results on the prediction of the protein network for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from four types of widely available data: gene expressions, protein interactions measured by yeast two-hybrid systems, protein localizations in the cell and protein phylogenetic profiles. The method is shown to outperform other unsupervised protein network inference methods. We finally conduct a comprehensive prediction of the protein network for all proteins of the yeast, which enables us to propose protein candidates for missing enzymes in a biosynthesis pathway. AVAILABILITY: Softwares are available upon request.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2005

Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulation in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

MOTIVATION: In eukaryotic genomes, histone acetylation and thereafter departure from the chromatin are essential for gene transcription initiation. Because gene transcription is tightly regulated by transcription factors, there are some speculations on the cooperation of histone acetylation and transcription factor binding. However, systematic statistical analyses of this relationship on a genomic scale have not been reported. RESULTS: We apply several statistical methods to explore this relationship on two recent genomic datasets: acetylation levels on 11 histone lysines and binding activities of 203 transcription factors, both in promoter regions across the yeast genome. By canonical correlation analysis, we find that a histone acetylation pattern is correlated with a certain profile of transcription factor binding in the genome. Furthermore, after clustering the genes by their acetylation levels on the 11 histone lysines, the genes within clusters show distinct transcription factor binding profiles, as discovered by principle component analysis. Even after applying fairly stringent statistical measurement, most of these clusters have transcription factors with binding activities significantly deviated from the overall genome. We conclude that in the yeast genome, there is a strong correlation between histone acetylation and transcription factor binding in the promoter regions.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1981

Validation of a screening battery for psychogeriatric assessment.

The aims of this study were to identify the most important diagnostic questions that warrant assessment in psychogeriatric patients and to select and validate objective screening procedures for those areas. Four areas were identified by surveying the records of 87 psychogeriatric patients: organicity, depression, prognosis, and global psychopathology. Relevant assessment instruments, selected on the basis of a comprehensive literature survey, were administered to 61 psychogeriatric inpatients, and criterion ratings were obtained in each of the four diagnostic areas. The Mental Status Questionnaire correlated -.87 with the organicity criterion and also shoed the highest correlations with the other three criterion variables. A canonical correlation analysis showed that the organicity and depression criteria could be reliably separated by the predictors, and multiple regression analysis showed that each could be reliably predicted independently. It is noted that the population studied was largely chronic in nature, so that the findings are not necessarily applicable to other kinds of settings.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Health risk behaviours and ethnicity in Hawaii.

This study has examined the relationships of health-related behaviours to sociodemographic factors with special emphasis on ethnicity in Hawaii. Behavioural variables investigated were non-use of car seat belts, overweight, physical inactivity, smoking, heavier alcohol use, and driving while intoxicated. Sociodemographic factors considered were ethnicity, island, sex, age, education, employment status, marital status, and household income. Major ethnic groups studied were Caucasians, Hawaiians including part-Hawaiians, Chinese, Filipinos, and Japanese. The relationships of ethnic factors with the behavioural characteristics were studied by logistic regression after fitting significant non-ethnic sociodemographic variables. Multiple risk behaviour was investigated by canonical correlation analysis. Different behavioural factors were found to be associated with different sets of non-ethnic socioeconomic variables. There were significant ethnic differences in individual at-risk behaviours except for driving while intoxicated. Overweight was most prevalent among Hawaiians followed by Caucasians. Caucasians and Hawaiians were at higher risk for non-use of seat belts, cigarette smoking, and heavier alcohol use compared to Chinese, Filipinos, and Japanese. Orientals were physically less active than Caucasians and Hawaiians. Implications of the observed ethnic differences are discussed.

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Home environment and adaptive social behavior among premature, low birth weight children: alternative models of environmental action.

Used data from 465 premature, low birth weight children representing three major sociocultural groups (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic) to examine the relation between children's home environments and their adaptive social behavior. Results showed low to moderate associations between scores on the HOME Inventory at 1 and 3 years and scores on two measures of adaptive social behavior at 30 to 36 months, the Adaptive Social Behavior Inventory, and observations of mother-child interaction in a structured laboratory situation. Results indicated that responsive, nurturant care at both 1 and 3 years are related to child adaptive social behavior, as are cognitively stimulating experiences and materials. However, canonical correlational analysis indicated that only Acceptance and Variety of Experience, measured at age 3, and Variety of Experience measured at age 1 accounted for independent amounts of variance in adaptive social behavior as perceived by mothers. Also, only sociocultural group status and Learning Materials at 36 months contributed to the prediction of persistence and enthusiasm as observed in the laboratory setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prematriculation program grades as predictors of black and other nontraditional students' first-year academic performances.

This study explored the relative strengths of select background variables, including grades in a summer prematriculation program (SPP), as predictors of students' first-year academic performances. During the years 1980-1989, 115 black and other nontraditional prematriculants at the Medical College of Georgia School of Medicine attended a four-week SPP featuring courses in biochemistry, anatomy, and immunology. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that the combination of undergraduate grade-point average (GPA) and SPP grades in biochemistry and anatomy was the best predictor of the students' academic performances based upon their first-year grades in biochemistry, anatomy, and microbiology, and upon their GPAs for all first-year basic science courses. The authors conclude that SPP grades can be used to identify the specific academic weaknesses of nontraditional students at highest risk of falling into academic jeopardy.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1997

Assessing medical students' perceptions of mistreatment in their second and third years.

PURPOSE: To study medical students' perceptions of mistreatment in their second and third years of training. METHOD: A questionnaire was distributed at Wayne State University School of Medicine to the class of 1993 at the end of its third year and to the class of 1994 at the end of its second and third years. The students were asked if they had been subjected to various forms of mistreatment; the third-year students were asked to rate their perceptions of each clinical department's response to them on the basis of gender and race-ethnicity, as well as their overall treatment. The students also completed demographic information about age, gender, and marital status, number of children, and race-ethnicity. Results were analyzed using chi-square statistics, multivariate statistical analyses, analyses of variance, and Duncan's post-hoc comparisons. RESULTS: The response rate for the class of 1993 was 71.5%; response for the class of 1994 were 66.9% in their second year and 75.2% in their third year; 41.7% were women, and the racial-ethnic breakdown was 71.2% white/Caucasian, 11.7% black/African American and 16.8% other. There was a significant difference between the percentages of second-year and third-year students reporting any experience of mistreatment (37.2% vs 75.8%, p < .001). Canonical correlation analysis revealed bias in the third year based on gender (p < .0001) and race-ethnicity (p < .0002); both variates were related to sexual humor. The students' perceptions of mistreatment were lowest for family medicine and highest for obstetrics-gynecology and surgery. Perceptions of mistreatment in departments varied significantly by gender and race-ethnicity. The nonwhite males reported the least favorable treatment in most departments. CONCLUSION: Marked variability in the students' perceptions of mistreatment within departments suggest that a variety of approaches will be required to improve the medical training environment.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relation between dominance, anger, and hormones in normally aging men: results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study.

This paper examines the relation of two personality characteristics (dominance and anger) to hormones in normally aging men. The relation of the Jackson Personality Research Form E Dominance subscale and the Spielberger Anger Expression scale to serum levels of 17 endocrine variables, including testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), cortisol, and prolactin, was examined in 1709 men aged 39 to 70 years randomly sampled from the Boston Metropolitan Statistical Area. Canonical correlation analysis resulted in the identification of a personality profile characterized as dominant with some aggressive behavior that tends to correlate with a hormonal pattern labeled the "availability of androgens." These results partially support previous findings in animals, adolescents, and criminal populations that "aggressive dominance" is related to testosterone.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The relationship between active and neural measures in patients with nonspecific low back pain.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of 50 individuals with nonspecific low back pain (LBP). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between active and neural measurements in individuals with nonspecific LBP. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The Panjabi model for spinal stability consists of 3 interacting subsystems. Specific musculoskeletal measurements can be identified within the active and neural systems. The relationships among measures within this model have not been identified. METHODS: A total of 50 individuals with nonspecific LBP were evaluated for measures of the active and neural stability systems, and analyzed using a canonical correlation analysis, which is used to measure the relationship between 2 multidimensional variables. RESULTS: There were 2 significant relationships identified. The first identified a relationship among fatigue, flexion relation, and the feedforward abdominal response (r = 0.764, P < 0.001). The second relationship was between the Sorenson endurance test and feedforward abdominal response (r = 0.697, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Identification of relationships between back pain measurements may allow discrimination between individuals with different histology and pain levels. This process may assist the specificity of treatment programs prescribed for patients with back pain.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2004

Performance measures for video object segmentation and tracking.

We propose measures to evaluate quantitatively the performance of video object segmentation and tracking methods without ground-truth (GT) segmentation maps. The proposed measures are based on spatial differences of color and motion along the boundary of the estimated video object plane and temporal differences between the color histogram of the current object plane and its predecessors. They can be used to localize (spatially and/or temporally) regions where segmentation results are good or bad; and/or they can be combined to yield a single numerical measure to indicate the goodness of the boundary segmentation and tracking results over a sequence. The validity of the proposed performance measures without GT have been demonstrated by canonical correlation analysis with another set of measures with GT on a set of sequences (where GT information is available). Experimental results are presented to evaluate the segmentation maps obtained from various sequences using different segmentation approaches.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1988

Procedures in evaluating dementia--a study of conjoint application of two rating scales (SCAG and BCRS) and psychometric tests.

Fifty-seven patients with dementia (mean age 74 years) were treated for 16 weeks with 2 different doses of a test drug or placebo. On day 0 no significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis H test) were found between the 3 treatment groups on psychometric test scores or the total scores on 3 rating scales (Modified Crichton Geriatric Behaviour Rating Scale, Sandoz Clinical Assessment - Geriatric (SCAG) scale and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS). The score differences (the total scores on day 112 minus the total scores on day 0) on SCAG, BCRS and psychometric tests were subjected to a series of one-way analyses of variance. As no significant difference was found between the groups, they were combined into a single group. In this group the relationship between total scores on SCAG and BCRS and psychometric test scores was analysed. Setwise multiple regression analyses (with the psychometric test scores as the independent variables) showed that at most 34% and 45% (respectively) of the variance in the SCAG ratings was accounted for by the results from a small subgroup of tests (dealing with visuo-motor speed and verbal memory) on day 0 and day 112. The results of a somewhat bigger subgroup of tests (dealing with visuo-motor speed, verbal memory and general intelligence) explained 58% of the variance in the BCRS ratings both on day 0 and after 16 weeks. Canonical correlation analysis using scores on the 2 rating scales and the psychometric test results was applied complementarily to make the inferences as valid as possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Patterns of drug use and sensation-seeking among adolescents in Norway.

The relationship between personality and drug use was investigated by studying patterns of sensation-seeking behaviour and drug use among adolescents. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 1027 Norwegian senior high school students aged 16 to 19 in the greater Oslo area. The response rate was 97%. The sensation-seeking subscores showed moderate to strong association with the use of the different drugs. A canonical correlation analysis yielded 3 significant variates: in the drug use domain the first dimension correlated with the use of legal drugs and inhalants, the second with cannabis and tranquillizers and the third with tobacco. In the sensation-seeking domain the first dimension was almost synonymous with the disinhibition scale, the second with experience-seeking, and the third correlated highly negatively with thrill-, adventure- and experience-seeking. The results support the assumption that a strong link exists between sensation seeking and drug use. They further show the importance of taking different subdimensions of the sensation-seeking trait into account for prevention and treatment of drug use and abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dental welfare profiles in a group of disabled Norwegian adults.

In a group of 496 non-institutionalized disabled Norwegian adults the possibility of identifying groups with particular dental welfare profiles which could be ascribed to a set of resource profiles was studied. Eight independent resource variables and seven dependent dental welfare variables were included in the model using canonical correlation analysis. Three main dental welfare profiles were identified: The most important profile was dominated by number of own teeth and differences were mainly ascribed to age, income, marital status and education. The second profile comprised a combination of absence of payment arrangement, chewing problems and barriers for dental care and differences were ascribed to sex, hospital experience, and organized assistance. The third profile discriminating between the disabled individuals was problems with performing dental hygiene associated with irregular use of dental services and barriers for dental care and differences were related to sex, marital status, degree of dependency, and organized assistance. For all profiles, individual characteristics were more important than contextual resources.

Adult↗