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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Yawning induced by the selective dopamine D2 agonist N-0437 is blocked by the selective dopamine autoreceptor antagonist (+)-UH 232.

Yawning and stretching responses were elicited in rats by a small dose (0.3 mg/kg) of the highly selective dopamine D2 agonist, N-0437. The responses were blocked by the highly selective dopamine autoreceptor antagonist, (+)-UH 232 (3.0 mg/kg), but not by raclopride at a dose which selectively blocks postsynaptic D2 receptors. The results strongly confirm the view that yawning and stretching are behavioral responses elicited by stimulation of presynaptic D2 receptors.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1987

Hypophysectomy prevents ACTH-induced yawning and penile erection in rats.

The intracerebroventricular administration of ACTH1-24 (3-5 micrograms/rat) produced a behavioural syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of penile erection and yawning in rats. Hypophysectomy prevented ACTH1-24-induced yawning and penile erection. These results suggest that pituitary has a "trophic" action not only on peripheral target organs but also on structures in brain controlling specific behavioural responses.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Oxytocin-induced penile erection and yawning: role of calcium and prostaglandins.

The effect of verapamil, flunarizine, nimodipine, nicardipine, and nifedipine, calcium channel inhibitors, and of indomethacin and aspirin, inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, on penile erection and yawning induced by oxytocin was studied in male rats. All calcium channel inhibitors given intraperitoneally (IP) 60 min before the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of oxytocin (30 ng) prevented in a dose-dependent manner oxytocin effect. Nimodipine and nicardipine were the most effective being active at doses between 5 and 20 mg/kg, while the others were active at doses higher than 15 mg/kg. Prevention of oxytocin effect was also seen after ICV injection of the above compounds. Unlike calcium channel inhibitors, indomethacin given either IP (10 and 50 mg/kg) or ICV (50 micrograms), or aspirin (100 mg/kg IP) were ineffective. Microinjection of calcium, but not of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the brain area most sensitive for the induction of the above behavioral responses by oxytocin, induced a symptomatology similar to that induced by oxytocin. The present results suggest that calcium might be the second messenger which mediates the expression of penile erection and yawning induced by oxytocin.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Prevention by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester of apomorphine- and oxytocin-induced penile erection and yawning: site of action in the brain.

The effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME), a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, injected into different brain areas on penile erection and yawning induced by apomorphine or oxytocin was studied in male rats. The compound was found to be able to prevent the above behavioral responses dose dependently when injected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), but not in the caudate nucleus, medial septum, preoptic area, and the CA1 field of the hippocampus. When injected in the PVN, 5 micrograms of NAME induced a 30% reduction of apomorphine and oxytocin responses, while 20 micrograms induced an almost complete reduction. The effect of NAME seems to be related to the inhibition of guanylate cyclase secondary to the prevention of NO formation, because a dose-dependent reduction of apomorphine and oxytocin responses was obtained also with the inhibitor of guanylate cyclase methylene blue injected intracerebroventricularly (100-400 micrograms ICV), but not into the PVN. The results provide further support for a neurotransmitter role of central NO in the control of penile erection and yawning.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Chronic nimodipine and yawning behavior in grouped or individually housed rats.

1. The effects of a chronic administration (around 30 mg/ kg/day) of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nimodipine, on apomorphine induced yawning behaviour of grouped or individual housed rats, were studied. 2. Nimodipine treatment had no effect in grouped rats. 3. Individually housed animals gave a significant lower number of yawns in respect to grouped controls: this difference disappeared in isolated, nimodipine treated, group. 4. The results show the ability of nimodipine to restore a depressed behavioural performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Apomorphine- and oxytocin-induced penile erection and yawning in male rats: effect of pertussis toxin.

The effect of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of pertussis toxin on penile erection and yawning induced by apomorphine and oxytocin was studied in male rats. Pertussis toxin (2 micrograms ICV) prevented the above behavioral responses to apomorphine (80 micrograms/kg SC) and oxytocin (30 ng ICV) on day 3 and 4, but not on day 0 and 1 after treatment. Oxytocin and apomorphine responses were restored on day 6. Similar results were obtained by microinjecting pertussis toxin (0.5 microgram) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the most sensitive brain area for the induction of penile erection and yawning by oxytocin and apomorphine. The results suggest that G proteins are involved in the expression of above responses to apomorphine and oxytocin.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors prevent apomorphine- and oxytocin-induced penile erection and yawning in male rats.

The effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, two inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, on apomorphine- and oxytocin-induced penile erection and yawning, was studied in male rats after intravenous and intracerebroventricular administration. Both compounds prevented dose-dependently apomorphine and oxytocin responses, when given systemically (5-50 mg/kg) or centrally (30-500 micrograms per rat), but NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester was about 5 times more potent than NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. The D-isomer of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, which does not inhibit nitric oxide synthase, was ineffective. The results suggest that central nitric oxide is involved in the expression of penile erection and yawning induced by apomorphine and oxytocin.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2003

Yawning despite trismus in a patient with locked-in syndrome caused by a thrombosed megadolichobasilar artery.

We report a 62-year-old woman with a locked-in syndrome with bilateral masticatory spasms and persistent trismus, who was still able to yawn. A vascular malformation of the basilar artery-megadolichobasilar artery (fusiform aneurysm, vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia) was determined to be the underlying cause of this rare combination of symptoms. A thrombus in the megadolichobasilaris as well as an almost total pontine infarction were demonstrated on CT- and MRI-scans. Thus, trismus may be associated with locked-in syndrome due to megadolichobasilar artery thrombus, although yawning is still possible.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1998

Effects of lead exposure on licking and yawning behaviour in rats.

In the present study, effects of lead exposure on licking and yawning behaviour have been studied. The dopaminergic receptor agonist, apomorphine (0.15, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg), induced dose-dependent licking in rats. The maximum response was obtained with 0.5 mg/kg of the apomorphine. Lead acetate (0.05%) exposure significantly increased apomorphine-induced licking. Yawning induced by the D2 dopaminergic agonist, bromocriptine (2, 3, 4, 8 mg/kg), and the cholinergic drug, physostigmine (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg), was significantly decreased by lead acetate (0.05%) exposure. It may be concluded that the behaviour induced by dopaminergic or cholinergic agents can be affected by lead subchronic exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Lhermitte sign during yawning associated with congenital partial aplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas.

We describe the case of a 26-year-old man who presented with symptoms compatible with Lhermitte sign that occurred during yawning. It was associated with congenital partial aplasia of the posterior arch of the atlas. Cervical multisection-detector CT myelography during yawning showed compression of the upper cervical cord due to the inward mobility of the isolated posterior tubercle. The symptoms completely disappeared following removal of the isolated posterior tubercle.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of a single administration of buspirone on catalepsy, yawning and stereotypy in rats.

In the present study, the effects of a single administration of buspirone (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg sc-30 min before testing) on three dopamine-related behaviors were evaluated in 4-month old male Wistar rats (7-10 animals per group). Buspirone decreased haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg ip)-induced catalepsy in a dose-dependent manner (from 7.30 to 5.09 1n of s compared to the untreated control group). Apomorphine (0.06 mg/kg sc)-induced yawning was also dose-dependently reduced (from 26.7 to 0.9 yawns in 30 min) and so was apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg sc)-induced stereotypy (from 32.9 to 5.9, sum of scores). The present results indicate that buspirone presents unique pharmacological effects related to dopaminergic transmission not only in biochemical but also in behavioral terms.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suppressive effects of chronic hyperprolactinemia on penile erection and yawning following administration of apomorphine to pituitary-transplanted rats.

Recent studies showed in vivo and in vitro that acutely introduced prolactin (PRL) excess was capable of diminishing penile erectile function independently of the LH-testosterone (T) dynamics. In the present investigation, we examined if such independent suppressive effects can be demonstrated in the pituitary-transplant rat model with chronically elevated serum PRL. We also compared the effects of pituitary transplantation and castration on the level of erectile activity. Rats were made hyperprolactinemic by homologous transplantation of three anterior pituitaries underneath the kidney capsules, with the eutopic pituitaries left in situ. Before and 3, 5, and 8 weeks after transplant or sham surgeries, 80 micrograms/kg s.c. injection of apomorphine was given as an inducer of erection. This was followed by 30-minute observation periods during which the numbers of erections and yawning were recorded. Similar experiments were also performed with castrated rats without transplanted pituitaries. In the transplanted rats plasma PRL was markedly elevated (51.4 +/- 3.7 ng/ml) and was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than the values in the sham group (6.0 +/- 2.7 ng/ml). In contrast, plasma T was not different (P > 0.05) between the two groups. The castrated rats showed very low plasma T (0.17 +/- 0.01 ng/ml, P < 0.05 compared to the sham group) and normal PRL (P > 0.05). The numbers of both erection and yawning were significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) less in the transplant than in the sham group 8 weeks after surgeries. Castrated rats showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) only in the numbers of erection. These results indicated that the pituitary transplantation with chronic excess of PRL and castration with T deficiency caused roughly comparable degrees of suppression of penile erectile activity through mechanisms presumably independent from one another in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Long-term results of olfaction rehabilitation using the nasal airflow-inducing ("polite yawning") maneuver after total laryngectomy.

OBJECTIVES: To study the long-term results of the nasal airflow-inducing maneuver (NAIM) as an olfaction rehabilitation tool after laryngectomy and to investigate the effectiveness of a new, simpler odor detection test (ODT) called the smell disk test (SDT), or Zürcher Geruchstest. DESIGN: Intervention study. SETTINGS: National cancer center. PATIENTS: Forty-one laryngectomees who received olfaction rehabilitation training with the NAIM 4 months to 2 years earlier. This so-called polite yawning maneuver creates an "underpressure" in the oral cavity, which, in turn, generates a nasal airflow that enables odor molecules to again reach the olfactory epithelium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Olfaction acuity testing with a standard ODT, along with a questionnaire, providing a subjective olfaction score (present odor perception scale [POPS]), and the SDT, as well as assessment of the patients' correct execution of the NAIM by speech-language pathologists on video recordings made during odor testing and long-term assessment of olfaction acuity. RESULTS: The correlation between the previously used ODT-POPS combination and the SDT was kappa = 0.56 (P<.001). Based on these results, we preferred to use the much simpler SDT instead of the laborious combination of the ODT-POPS. Based on the SDT results, 19 (46%) of the 41 laryngectomees were "smellers" and could be considered normosmic. There was a significant relationship (P =.03) between the patient's correct execution of the NAIM and whether or not the laryngectomee was a smeller according to the SDT. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the NAIM, or so-called polite yawning technique, for the rehabilitation of olfaction in individuals who have undergone total laryngectomy was reconfirmed. Long-term olfaction rehabilitation was achieved in about 50% of the patients, but more intensified training may be needed to increase the percentage of successfully rehabilitated individuals. The SDT is an effective and simple test for the assessment of olfaction acuity after laryngectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Stretching and yawning: a role of glutamate.

Systemic injection of GDEE (glutamate diethyl ester), an antagonist of glutamate and aspartate receptors, induces stretching and yawning in rats. This was not accompanied by excessive grooming. Coupled with previous work these findings give evidence that a glutamatergic mechanism is involved in stretching and yawning.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cycloheximide prevents apomorphine-induced yawning, penile erection and genital grooming in rats.

Apomorphine (50 micrograms/kg) induced repeated episodes of yawning, penile erection and genital grooming in rats. A dose of cycloheximide, which inhibited brain protein synthesis by 50% totally prevented apomorphine-induced yawning and reduced by approximately 50% the occurrence of episodes of penile erection and genital grooming. However, this treatment failed to modify the stereotyped behaviour induced by 200 micrograms/kg of apomorphine. These results suggest that protein synthesis is required for the behavioural effects of small doses of apomorphine.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Drugs affecting dopamine neurons and yawning behavior.

Drugs stimulating the dopamine (DA) neurons in different ways (apomorphine, piribedil, amphetamine, nomifensine, L-DOPA) given in low doses (not producing behavioral excitation) induced yawning in rats. Blockade of DA receptors with neuroleptics counteracted DA-agonists induced yawning which may indicate a dopaminergic component of this behavior.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2000

Excessive yawning and SSRI therapy.

As we become more experienced with the long-term use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), more subtle side-effects may become evident. Clinicians may be aware of yawning as a side-effect of antidepressant therapy, however sparse literature exists on the topic. We present two cases in which excessive daytime yawning was associated with SSRI treatment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Unusual side effects of clomipramine associated with yawning.

Although there have been previous reports of decreased sexual capacity as a side effect of antidepressants (1-3), the authors know of no previous records of increased capacity of the type described in the following reports, or of reports of side effects associated with yawning. Observation of unusual yawning-associated side effects is now reported, in order to alert clinicians to a possible side effect that can influence patient-compliance with the prescribed medication regimen.

Adult↗