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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The "proactive" approach and crisis intervention].

In this article, the author describes a mode of intervention defined as proactive in mental health care, in the case of an existing pilot project. This type of intervention contrasts with the reactive mode, which is characterized by reactions to urgent requests for services when a situation has deteriorated badly and social network resources are either absent or irrelevant. The author outlines the obstacles to developing such a proactive mode. This approach, which requires a high degree of visibility and accessibility on the part of the practitioner, involves providing services before they are even requested. Finally, the author examines certain types of proactive interventions whose objective is to offer support to members that are close to the individual.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1978

Social cues, cognitive style, error magnitude, and male performance on the Felt Figure Replacement Technique.

A series of studies was undertaken to determine possible factors contributing to low predictive utility for Felt Figure Replacement Technique (FFRT) scores from normal, adult males. It was first postulated that normal adult males, compared to normal adult females, are less sensitive to social cues present in the FFRT task. Twenty-six undergraduate males and the same number of undergraduate females were asked to replace both a) department store manikins, thought to be less abstract, and then b) felt figures. While task differences were obtained, these were not dependent on gender, nor did any overall gender differences occur for three types of replacement error. The second study involved 31 college males and 33 college females replacing both felt figures and a male and female confederate. It was assumed that differential attention to social cues would be more visible in this comparison. The general results were identical to the first study.

Cognition↗
PubMed2006

Prolonged coexistence of transient and permanent circuitry elements in the developing cerebral cortex of fetuses and preterm infants.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate correlative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological parameters of development of cortical afferents during pathfinding and target selection in transient fetal cerebral laminas in human fetuses and preterm infants. The transient fetal subplate zone, situated between the fetal white matter (i.e. intermediate zone) and the cortical plate, is the crucial laminar compartment for development of thalamocortical and corticocortical afferents. The prolonged coexistence of transient (endogenously active) and permanent (sensory-driven) circuitry within the transient fetal zones is a salient feature of the fetal and preterm cortex; this transient circuitry is the substrate of cerebral functions in preterm infants. Another transient aspect of organization of developing fibre pathways is the abundance of extracellular matrix and guidance molecules in periventricular crossroads of projection and corticocortical pathways. Both the subplate zone and periventricular crossroads are visible on MRI in vivo and in vitro. Hypoxic-ischaemic lesions of periventricular crossroads are the substrate for motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits after focal periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Lesions of distal portions of the white matter and the subplate zone are the substrate for diffuse PVL. The neuronal elements in transient fetal zones form a developmental potential for plasticity after perinatal cerebral lesions.

Axons↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving productivity in child welfare programs.

The project met its objective of finding ways to improve the efficiency of a child welfare program. The agency will continue an intensive evaluation of the program to reassess the procedures' impact on productivity. The project found that, with adaptation, work-methods techniques developed in industry can be useful to child welfare programs. Critical elements in the success of a productivity improvement project include full, visible support by the agency's policy makers and top management; early intensive involvement of affected personnel; wide implementation of recommended improvements; and continued review of their effectiveness. Although no single work-methods project can solve all problems connected with an agency's way of carrying out its work, the process developed by the Texas Department of Human Resources can be applied usefully by both public and private child welfare agencies as they seek ways to improve the efficiency of their programs.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Ecological responses to recent climate change.

There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an array of ecosystems and organizational hierarchies, from the species to the community levels. Despite continued uncertainty as to community and ecosystem trajectories under global change, our review exposes a coherent pattern of ecological change across systems. Although we are only at an early stage in the projected trends of global warming, ecological responses to recent climate change are already clearly visible.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Creating outcomes with redesign efforts.

Integrating principles from a variety of theories, managers have developed a conceptual framework for reengineering processes in an endoscopy unit to improve the value of services provided to customers. A major goal of this redesign was to enhance or maintain quality of care, increase efficiency, and maintain or reduce costs. This was accomplished by analyzing data and outcome measures related to patient, physician, and staff member satisfaction, as well as resource allocation. The departmental results were tangible, positive, and visible almost immediately. With the right team and the right techniques, tools, methodologies, and decision-making processes, redesign projects can and do lead to dramatic improvements in productivity, service, customer and staff member satisfaction, cost control, and innovation.

Efficiency↗
PubMed2003

Coronary MR imaging using free-breathing 3D steady-state free precession with radial k-space sampling.

PURPOSE: To investigate the potential of free-breathing 3D steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging with radial k-space sampling for coronary MR-angiography (MRA), coronary projection MR-angiography and coronary vessel wall imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A navigator-gated free-breathing T2-prepared 3D SSFP sequence (TR = 6.1 ms, TE = 3.0 ms, flip angle = 120 degrees, field-of-view = 360 mm(2)) with radial k-space sampling (384 radials) was implemented for coronary MRA. For projection coronary MRA, this sequence was combined with a 2D selective aortic spin tagging pulse. Coronary vessel wall imaging was performed using a high-resolution inversion-recovery black-blood 3D radial SSFP sequence (384 radials, TR = 5.3 ms, TE = 2.7 ms, flip angle = 55 degrees, reconstructed resolution 0.35 x 0.35 x 1.2 mm(3)) and a local re-inversion pulse. Six healthy volunteers (two for each sequence) were investigated. Motion artifact level was assessed by two radiologists. RESULTS: In coronary MRA, the coronary lumen was displayed with a high signal and high contrast to the surrounding lumen. Projection coronary MRA demonstrated selective visualization of the coronary lumen while surrounding tissue was almost completely suppressed. In coronary vessel wall imaging, the vessel wall was displayed with a high signal when compared to the blood pool and the surrounding tissue. No visible motion artifacts were seen. CONCLUSION: 3D radial SSFP imaging enables coronary MRA, coronary projection MRA and coronary vessel wall imaging with a low motion artifact level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership to improve public health.

The National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership (NNIP), a collaborative effort, uses local information in community building and policy making. A local intermediary in 19 NNIP partnership cities builds local data systems. Partners have learned five important lessons: (1) neighborhood-level data are essential for developing public policy, (2) technological advances have made it possible to maintain detailed local databases at relatively low cost, (3) various types of local organizations can serve as local partners, (4) good leadership is critical to building bridges across agencies, and (5) providing data is only the first step. Data must be used in ways that are visible, useful, and responsive to the community if the project is to succeed.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2002

The role of medical libraries in undergraduate education: a case study in genetics.

Between 1996 and 2001, the Health Science Center Libraries and Department of Zoology at the University of Florida partnered to provide a cohesive and comprehensive learning experience to undergraduate students in PCB3063, "Genetics." During one semester each year, a librarian worked with up to 120 undergraduates, providing bibliographic and database instruction in the tools that practicing geneticists use (MEDLINE, GenBank, BLAST, etc.). Students learned to evaluate and synthesize the information that they retrieved, coupling it with information provided in classroom lectures, thus resulting in well-researched short papers on an assigned genetics topic. Exit surveys of students indicated that the majority found the library sessions and librarian's instruction to be useful. Responses also indicated that the project facilitated increased understanding of genetics concepts and appreciation for the scientific research process and the relevance of genetics to the real world. The library benefited from this partnership on a variety of fronts, including the development of skilled library users, pretrained future clientele, and increased visibility among campus research laboratories. The course and associated information instruction and assigned projects can be considered models for course-integrated instruction and the role of medical libraries in undergraduate education.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoscintigraphy with a technetium-99m labelled anti-epithelial growth factor receptor antibody in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: A variety of human tumours, including non-small cell lung cancer, overexpress epithelial growth factor (EGF) receptors. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of immunoscintigraphy with a technetium-99m-labelled monoclonal antibody directed towards the EGF receptor (MINT5). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The labelling with technetium-99m was performed using the glucoheptonate-iminothiolane method. Eight patients with non-small cell lung cancer were i.v. injected 740 MBq of MINT5. Neither side-effects, nor toxicity, nor HAMA response were observed. Each patient was submitted to total body planar images in anterior and posterior projections at 1-2 hours and at 4-6 hours after the injection. RESULTS: Uptake of MINT5 was mainly visible in liver, spleen and bone marrow; it proved stable in vivo. The primary lung cancer was imaged in 7 out of 8 patients and metastases were detected in 3 out of 3 cases. CONCLUSION: MINT5 is a safe and promising radiopharmaceutical for in vivo localization and biological characterization of non-small cell lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

1999 National Conference on Women and HIV/AIDS.

The 1999 National Conference on Women and HIV/AIDS, held last October in Los Angeles, convened its largest number of participants. Over 2,000 researchers, clinicians, policymakers, AIDS activists and HIV-positive women came to discuss new treatment, behavioral and political issues affecting women. The strong and diverse turnout provided a lively and sometimes conflicting forum that reflected the growing visibility of women's issues. Following are selected highlights from the conference. For more on the 1999 Conference, call Project Inform's Hotline and ask for WISE Words #5, which fully covers the conference.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2003

The origin of the oblique effect examined with pattern adaptation and masking.

The decreased visibility of obliquely oriented patterns as compared to horizontal or vertical ones is termed the oblique effect. The origin of the oblique effect in the chain of visual processing was examined by comparing the potency of oblique adapting gratings to the potency of horizontal ones. Oblique gratings (which were less visible but of equal physical contrast) were as powerful or more powerful than horizontal gratings as adapting stimuli. Obliquely oriented stimuli also produced a slightly stronger tilt aftereffect than stimuli near the cardinal axes. These results suggest that the diminished neural representation of oblique stimuli arises in the human cortex, rather than from impairments of sensitivity or resolution in the initial geniculo-cortical projection.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed2002

Double-blind, half-face study comparing topical vitamin C and vehicle for rejuvenation of photodamage.

BACKGROUND: Aging of the population, in particular the "baby boomers," has resulted in increased interest in methods of reversal of photodamage. Non-invasive treatments are in high demand, and our knowledge of mechanisms of photodamage to skin, protection of the skin, and repair of photodamage are becoming more sophisticated and complex. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine if the topical use of a vitamin C preparation can stimulate the skin to repair photodamage and result in clinically visible differences, as well as microscopically visible improvement. METHODS: Ten patients applied in a double-blind manner a newly formulated vitamin C complex having 10% ascorbic acid (water soluble) and 7% tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (lipid soluble) in an anhydrous polysilicone gel base to one-half of the face and the inactive polysilicone gel base to the opposite side. Clincial evaluation of wrinkling, pigmentation, inflammation, and hydration was performed prior to the study and at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Two mm punch biopsies of the lateral cheeks were performed at 12 weeks in four patients and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as in situ hybridization studies using an anti-sense probe for mRNA for type I collagen. A questionnaire was also completed by each patient. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement of the vitamin C-treated side was seen in the decreased photoaging scores of the cheeks (P = 0.006) and the peri-oral area (P = 0.01). The peri-orbital area improved bilaterally, probably indicating improved hydration. The overall facial improvement of the vitamin C side was statistically significant (P = 0.01). Biopsies showed increased Grenz zone collagen, as well as increased staining for mRNA for type I collagen. No patients were found to have any evidence of inflammation. Hydration was improved bilaterally. Four patients felt that the vitamin C-treated side improved unilaterally. No patient felt the placebo side showed unilateral improvement. CONCLUSION: This formulation of vitamin C results in clinically visible and statistically significant improvement in wrinkling when used topically for 12 weeks. This clinical improvement correlates with biopsy evidence of new collagen formation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Disappearance of afterimages at 'impossible' locations in space.

An eccentrically positioned afterimage, viewed in the dark, will disappear if the eye is positioned so that the afterimage now projects to a more extreme location relative to straight ahead. It was found that the afterimage disappeared when it projected to a location which corresponded to the edge of the visual field defined by the brow, cheek, and nose. This suggests that visibility of stimuli from those retinal regions shadowed by the head is influenced by eye-position information.

Afterimage↗
PubMed1999

Reporting comparative results from hospital patient surveys.

Externally-reported assessments of hospital quality are in increasing demand, as consumers, purchasers, providers, and public policy makers express growing interest in public disclosure of performance information. This article presents an analysis of a groundbreaking program in Massachusetts to measure and disseminate comparative quality information about patients' hospital experiences. The article emphasizes the reporting structure that was developed to address the project's dual goals of improving the quality of care delivered statewide while also advancing public accountability. Numerous trade-offs were encountered in developing reports that would satisfy a range of purchaser and provider constituencies. The final result was a reporting framework that emphasized preserving detail to ensure visibility for each participating hospital's strengths as well as its priority improvement areas. By avoiding oversimplification of the results, the measurement project helped to support a broad range of successful improvement activity statewide.

Consumer Advocacy↗
PubMed1991

[Panoramic zonography in the diagnosis of TMJ fractures].

The radiological diagnosis of fractures of the mandibular condyle may be quite difficult. In a study of 237 patients the value of panoramic zonography is evaluated. Advantages of the new method are orthoradial projection, examination in a supine position, and good visibility of the anatomical structures in the TMJ-S and TMJ-PA program. Radiation doses in conventional radiography are 40-60 times higher than in panoramic zonography. High resolution CT should be reserved for special indications.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Quality assurance in outpatient departments.

Outpatients departments are prime targets for quality assurance. They are probably the most visible department of a general hospital in terms of patient throughput and, clearly, the service quality standards projected to patients will significantly influence their perceptions of the hospital as a whole. Angela Hopper describes a research project funded by the Institute's Health Services Management Development Trust.

Attitude to Health↗