Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Video Games”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Gender stereotypes, aggression, and computer games: an online survey of women.

Computer games were conceptualized as a potential mode of entry into computer-related employment for women. Computer games contain increasing levels of realism and violence, as well as biased gender portrayals. It has been suggested that aggressive personality characteristics attract people to aggressive video games, and that more women do not play computer games because they are socialized to be non-aggressive. To explore gender identity and aggressive personality in the context of computers, an online survey was conducted on women who played computer games and women who used the computer but did not play computer games. Women who played computer games perceived their online environments as less friendly but experienced less sexual harassment online, were more aggressive themselves, and did not differ in gender identity, degree of sex role stereotyping, or acceptance of sexual violence when compared to women who used the computer but did not play video games. Finally, computer gaming was associated with decreased participation in computer-related employment; however, women with high masculine gender identities were more likely to use computers at work.

Aggression↗
PubMed1993

The effect of subjective and physiological arousal on dishabituation of salivation.

We have previously shown that salivation to the same food habituates, and recovers after presenting novel nontaste stimuli. This study assessed the effects of environmental stimuli that differentially influence subjective and autonomic arousal on dishabituation of salivation. Thirty female subjects were preloaded on a lemon yogurt milkshake and habituated to seven presentations of lemon juice. Prior to the eighth presentation of juice, subjects were presented an engaging video game designed to produce subjective but no autonomic arousal (LO), a video game plus mental arithmetic stressor, designed to produce both subjective and physiological arousal (HI), or a no stimuli (REST) control. Significant dishabituating effects of HI versus REST were shown for salivation. Heart rate was significantly higher during the dishabituator for HI than LO or REST conditions, which were equal. Finally, significant differences in arousal were shown between each of the three conditions. These results show salivation can be differentially dishabituated by nonfood stimuli, and these stimuli influence salivation without influencing subjective hunger or hedonics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a manual wheelchair interface to computer games.

The sedentary lifestyle of many people with spinal cord injury (SCI) has lead to cardiovascular diseases being a major health concern. A suitable exercise program may help improve the SCI individual's cardiovascular fitness level. GAMEWheels is an interface between a custom wheelchair roller system and a computer that enables an individual to control computer video games by driving his or her wheelchair. The purpose of Phase 1 was to evaluate the design of the GAMEWheels system and to determine the type of computer video game that is likely to motivate wheelchair users to exercise. Phase 2 included physiologic testing of wheelchair users and the GAMEWheels system to investigate whether the system elicits an exercise training response. Thirty-five subjects were recruited to evaluate the GAMEWheels by playing three commercial computer games (Phase 1) and to identify the computer game that they would prefer to use when exercising. The feedback from Phase 1 was used with test subjects to verify that the GAMEWheels system elicits an exercise training effect (Phase 2). Phase 2 included 10 subjects using the GAMEWheels system to play Need for Speed II. During game play, physiologic data were collected and the subjects' oxygen consumption and heart rate were analyzed. Analysis showed that the GAMEWheels system induced nine subjects to reach their training zone, defined as 50% and 60% of their maximum oxygen consumption and heart rate, respectively. This study demonstrates that the GAMEWheels system elicits an exercise training response.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Epilepsy and videogame: which physiopathological mechanisms to expect?].

Video games may induce epileptic seizures in some subjects. Most of them have photosensitive epilepsy. The triggering factors are multiple: characteristics of the softwares, effects of the electronic screen and interactivity. The wide diffusion of the video games explain the large number of descriptions of videogame induced seizures. Historical aspects and an analysis of the underlying mechanisms of videogame induced seizures are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effects of age on associating virtual and embodied toys.

Technologies such as videos, toys, and video games are used as tools in delivering education to young children. Do children spontaneously transfer between virtual and real-world mediums as they learn? Fifty-six children learned facts about a toy dog presented through varying levels of technology and interactivity (e.g., video game, stuffed animal, picture books). They then met a similar dog character in a new embodiment (e.g., as a stuffed animal if first met the dog as video character). Would children spontaneously generalize the facts they learned about the dog character across mediums (dynamic and static environments)? Results indicate that younger children were more likely to generalize facts across mediums. Specific aspects of the level of technology and interactivity had little effect.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Generalized or focal photosensitive epilepsies].

Photosensitivity is defined by a pattern of occipital or more diffuse spikes and waves. Several techniques are needed for exploration: intermittent light stimulation (ILS), patterns, TV-screen, video games. Photosensitivity is a genetic characteristic. Only diffuse spikes and waves induced by ILS are correlated with epilepsy. Pure photogenic epilepsy is characterized by seizures induced by visual stimuli alone, usually by TV-screen. Video games may also have a triggering effect due to the slow-moving patterns or intense brightness. Several epileptic syndromes are associated with photosensitivity with or without visually-induced seizures. These syndromes are most often generalized and idiopathic.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Household television access: associations with screen time, reading, and homework among youth.

OBJECTIVE: We examined how household factors that mediate television access are associated with screen time (television, videos, movies, and computer and video games), reading, and homework. METHODS: We conducted a self-report survey among 1197 sixth and seventh graders in 10 middle schools in 4 Boston-area communities in 1995. To assess independent associations, SUDAAN linear regressions were calculated to control for respondent characteristics and household access and to account for clustered sampling in the school-based design. RESULTS: Total viewing (television, videos, movies, and computer and video games) averaged 3.35 plus minus 2.2 hours per day. In multivariate regressions, independent direct associations with total viewing were observed for the following categories: youth has a television in the bedroom: 0.64 hours per day (P <.001), never/seldom has family dinners: 0.55 hours (P <.01); no parental limits on television time: 0.48 hours (P <.01); and each additional television outside the youth's bedroom, 0.12 hours (P <.05). Similar results held when television/video/movie use was examined separately from computer/video game use. Youth reported an average of 1.6 plus minus 1.1 hours of reading and homework per day. Parental limits on television time were associated with 0.21 hours more reading per day (P <.01), whereas a television in the bedroom was associated with 0.18 hours less (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Reducing intrahousehold television access may enhance clinical, school, and community strategies to reduce youth television viewing and other screen time.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactive educational simulators in diabetes care.

Since the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial demonstrated the substantial benefits of tight glycaemic control there has been renewed interest in the application of information technology (IT) based techniques for improving the day-to-day care of patients with diabetes mellitus. Computer-based educational approaches have a great deal of potential for patients use, and may offer a means of training more health-care professionals to deliver such improved care. In this article the potential role of IT in diabetes education is reviewed, focusing in particular on the application of compartmental models in both computer-based interactive simulators and educational video games. Close attention is devoted to practical applications-available today-for use by patients, their relatives, students and health-care professionals. The novel features and potential benefits of such methodologies are highlighted and some of the limitations of currently available software are discussed. The need for improved graphical user interfaces, and for further efforts to evaluate such programs and demonstrate an educational benefit from their use are identified as hurdles to their more widespread application. The review concludes with a look to the future and the type of modelling features which should be provided in the next generation of interactive diabetes simulators and educational video games.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Moderators of ethnic differences in vasoconstrictive reactivity in youth.

Three hundred and forty-one children (170 males and 171 females: 155 whites and 186 blacks) with a mean age of 11.2 years completed laboratory stressors of forehead cold and a video game. Impedance cardiography was used to assess total peripheral resistance indexed by body surface area (TPRI) at rest and during the stressors. Black youths exhibited greater TPRI and mean arterial pressure (MAP) reactivity to both stressors. It was hypothesized that anthropometric, demographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial variables might partially account for ethnicity differences in vasoconstrictive reactivity. Black youths' higher resting MAP and TPRI and greater MAP and TPRI reactivity to forehead cold were accounted for by anthropometric characteristics, physical activity, sedentary behavior (i.e., TV viewing) and family cohesion. The ethnic differences in TPRI and MAP video game reactivity were not accounted for by the various parameters.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2005

A descriptive epidemiology of screen-based media use in youth: a review and critique.

The purpose of this systematic review was to (i) estimate the prevalence and dose of television (TV) viewing, video game playing and computer use, and (ii) assess age-related and (iii) secular trends in TV viewing among youth (< or = 18 yr). Ninety studies published in English language journals between 1949 and 2004 were included, presenting data from 539 independent samples (the unit of analysis). Results suggest contemporary youth watch on average 1.8-2.8 h of TV per day, depending on age and gender. Most (66%) are "low users" (< 2 h day(-1)) of TV but 28% watch more than 4 h day(-1). Boys and girls with access to video games spend approximately 60 and 23 min day(-1), respectively, using this technology. Computer use accounts for an additional 30 min day(-1). Age-specific data suggest TV viewing decreases during adolescence, but those considered "high users" at young ages are likely to remain high users when older. For children with access to a television set, the number of hours spent viewing does not appear to have increased over the past 50 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Adolescent participation in preventive health behaviors, physical activity, and nutrition: differences across immigrant generations for Asians and Latinos compared with Whites.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated preventive health behaviors (bicycle helmet, seat belt, and sunscreen use), physical activity, television viewing or video game playing, and nutrition (fruit, vegetable, milk, and soda consumption) among Asian and Latino adolescents living in the United States; assessed trends across generations (first-, second-, and third-generation immigrants or later); and compared each generation with White adolescents. METHODS: We used data from 5801 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the representative 2001 California Health Interview Survey. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, first-generation Asians measured worse than Whites for preventive health behaviors (lower participation), physical activity (less activity), and television viewing or video game playing (more hours), but improved across generations. For these same behaviors, Latinos were similar to or worse than Whites, and generally showed no improvement across generations. First-generation Asians and Latinos had healthier diets than Whites (higher fruit and vegetable consumption, lower soda consumption). With succeeding generations, Asians' fruit, vegetable, and soda consumption remained stable, but Latinos' fruit and vegetable consumption decreased and their soda consumption increased, so that by the third generation Latinos' nutrition was poorer than Whites'. CONCLUSIONS: For the health behaviors we examined, Asian adolescents' health behaviors either improved with each generation or remained better than that of Whites. Latino adolescents demonstrated generally worse preventive health behaviors than did Whites and, in the case of nutrition, a worsening across generations. Targeted interventions may be needed to address behavioral disparities.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1999

Neurophysiological indices of strategy development and skill acquisition.

In order to examine neurophysiological changes associated with the development of cognitive and visuomotor strategies and skills, spectral features of the EEG were measured as participants learned to perform new tasks. In one experiment eight individuals practiced working memory tasks that required development of either spatial or verbal rehearsal and updating strategies. In a second experiment six individuals practiced a video game with a difficult visuomotor tracking component. The alpha rhythm, which is attenuated by functional cortical activation, was affected by task practice. In both experiments, a lower-frequency, centrally distributed alpha component increased between practice sessions in a task-independent fashion, reflecting an overall decrease in the extent of cortical activation after practice. A second, higher-frequency, posterior component of the alpha rhythm displayed task-specific practice effects. Practice in the verbal working memory task resulted in an increase of this signal over right posterior regions, an effect not seen after practice with the spatial working memory task or with the video game. This between-task difference presumably reflects a continued involvement of the posterior region of the right hemisphere in tasks that invoke visuospatial processes. This finding thus provides neurophysiological evidence for the formation of a task-specific neurocognitive strategy. In the second experiment a third component of the alpha rhythm, localized over somatomotor cortex, was enhanced in conjunction with acquisition of tracking skill. These alpha band results suggest that cortical regions not necessary for task performance become less active as skills develop. In both experiments the frontal midline (Fm) theta rhythm also displayed increases over the course of test sessions. This signal is associated with states of focused concentration, and its enhancement might reflect the conscious control over attention associated with maintenance of a task-appropriate mental set. Overall, the results suggest that the EEG can be used to monitor practice-related changes in the patterns of cortical activity that are associated with task processing. Additionally, these results highlight the importance of ensuring that subjects have developed stable strategies for performance before drawing inferences about the functional architecture underlying specific cognitive processes.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Family history of hypertension and left ventricular mass in youth: possible mediating parameters.

Whether positive family history (FH) of essential hypertension (EH) in normotensive youth is associated with increased left ventricular mass (LVM) and hemodynamic, anthropometric, and demographic parameters previously associated with increased LVM in adults is unknown. To examine these issues, 323 healthy youth (mean age, 13.6 +/- 1.3 years), 194 with positive FH of EH (61% African Americans, 39% whites) and 129 with negative FH of EH (33% African Americans, 67% whites) were evaluated. Hemodynamics were measured at rest and during four stressors (ie, postural change, car driving simulation, video game, forehead cold). Echocardiographic-derived measures of LVM were indexed separately to body surface area and height(2.7). Controlling for age and race differences (ie, 74% of African Americans v 47% of whites had positive FH), the positive FH group exhibited greater LVM/height(2.7), LVM/body surface area, higher systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) and lower cardiac index at rest (P < .05 for all). The positive FH group also displayed higher peak SBP or DBP and higher TPRI increases to each stressor and came from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds (P < .05 for all). Regression analyses indicated that FH of EH was not a significant determinant of LVM/height(2.7) after accounting for contributions of gender (greater in men), general adiposity, resting cardiac index and blood pressure (BP), and TPRI responsivity to video game and cold stimulation (P < .05 for all). Thus, greater LVM index in positive FH of EH youth appears in part related to their greater BP and TPRI at rest and during stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Dance and reducing television viewing to prevent weight gain in African-American girls: the Stanford GEMS pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of after-school dance classes and a family-based intervention to reduce television viewing, thereby reducing weight gain, among African-American girls. DESIGN: Twelve-week, 2-arm parallel group, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Low-income neighborhoods. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-one 8-10-year-old African-American girls and their parents/guardians. INTERVENTIONS: The treatment intervention consisted of after-school dance classes at 3 community centers, and a 5-lesson intervention, delivered in participants' homes, and designed to reduce television, videotape, and video game use. The active control intervention consisted of disseminating newsletters and delivering health education lectures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Implementation and process measures, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity measured by accelerometry, self-reported media use, and meals eaten with TV. RESULTS: Recruitment and retention goals were exceeded. High rates of participation were achieved for assessments and intervention activities, except where transportation was lacking. All interventions received high satisfaction ratings. At follow up, girls in the treatment group, as compared to the control group, exhibited trends toward lower body mass index (adjusted difference = -.32 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI] -.77, .12; Cohen's d = .38 standard deviation units) and waist circumference (adjusted difference = -.63 cm, 95% CI -1.92, .67; d = .25); increased after-school physical activity (adjusted difference = 55.1 counts/minute, 95% CI -115.6, 225.8; d = .21); and reduced television, videotape, and video game use (adjusted difference = -4.96 hours/week, 95% CI -11.41, 1.49; d = .40). The treatment group reported significantly reduced household television viewing (d = .73, P = .007) and fewer dinners eaten while watching TV (adjusted difference = -1.60 meals/week, 95% CI -2.99, -.21; d = .59; P = .03). Treatment group girls also reported less concern about weight (d = .60; P = .03), and a trend toward improved school grades (d = .51; P = .07). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of using dance classes and a family-based intervention to reduce television viewing, thereby reducing weight gain, in African-American girls.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2001

Increasing physical activity. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services.

The Task Force on Community Preventive Services (the Task Force) has conducted systematic reviews of community interventions to increase physical activity. The Task Force either strongly recommends or recommends six interventions: two informational approaches (i.e., communitywide campaigns and point-of-decision prompts to encourage use of stairs); three behavioral and social approaches (i.e., school-based physical education, social support interventions in community settings [e.g., setting up a buddy system or contracting with another person to complete specified levels of physical activity], and individually adapted health behavior change programs); and one intervention to increase physical activity by using environmental and policy approaches (i.e., creation of or enhanced access to places for physical activity, combined with informational outreach activities). The Task Force found insufficient evidence on which to base recommendations for classroom-based health education focused on information provision, behavioral skills, and social support interventions in family settings because of inconsistent findings; mass media campaigns, college-age physical education, and health education because of an insufficient number of studies; and classroom-based health education focusing on reducing television viewing and video game playing because of the lack of a demonstrated link between reduced time spent watching television or playing video games and increased physical activity. This report provides additional information regarding the recommendations, briefly describes how the reviews were conducted, and provides information that can help in applying the interventions locally.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed1992

[The influence of VDT work on accommodation].

In order to evaluate the influence of visual display terminal (VDT) work on accommodation, accommodation responses, such as accommodation latency, accommodation velocity, amount of accommodation and refractive power, were measured with an infra-red optometer (TER-7 NIDEK). Comparisons were also made between parameter before VDT work and after VDT work. At first, comparison of the accommodation responses of playing with a video game, being engaged in VDT work and paper work, was made in 5 subjects. There was no significant difference after playing with the video game, slight accommodative dysfunction occurred after being engaged in paper work, but the accommodative dysfunction was most remarkable after being engaged in VDT work. In the next study, the accommodation responses of 22 subjects engaged in VDT work were measured. It was found that there was no significant change in accommodation latency, but a decrease of contraction velocity and relaxation velocity for accommodation was observed, and also a decrease in the amount of contraction response and relaxation response for accommodation was observed. Myopic change during relaxation also occurred. These results suggested that VDT work induced accommodation dysfunction.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed2000

Media and youth: access, exposure, and privatization.

PURPOSE: To describe U.S. youth's access and exposure to the full array of media, as well as the social contexts in which media exposure occurs. METHODS: A cross-sectional national random sample of 2065 adolescents aged 8 through 18 years, including oversamples of African-American and Hispanic youth, completed questionnaires about use of television, videotapes, movies, computers, video games, radio, compact discs, tape players, books, newspapers, and magazines. RESULTS: U.S. youngsters are immersed in media. Most households contain most media (computers and video game systems are the exception); the majority of youth have their own personal media. The average youth devotes 6 3/4 h to media; simultaneous use of multiple media increases exposure to 8 h of media messages daily. Overall, media exposure and exposure to individual media vary as a function of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and family socioeconomic level. Television remains the dominant medium. About one-half of the youth sampled uses a computer daily. A substantial proportion of children's and adolescents' media use occurs in the absence of parents. CONCLUSIONS: American youth devote more time to media than to any other waking activity, as much as one-third of each day. This demands increased parental attention and research into the effects of such extensive exposure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effectiveness of a multicomponent self-management program in at-risk, school-aged children with asthma.

BACKGROUND: Improving asthma knowledge and self-management is a common focus of asthma educational programs, but most programs have had little influence on morbidity outcomes. We developed a novel multiple-component intervention that included the use of an asthma education video game intended to promote adoption of asthma self-management behaviors and appropriate asthma care. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of an asthma education video game in reducing morbidity among high-risk, school-aged children with asthma. METHODS: We enrolled 119 children aged 5 to 12 years from low-income, urban areas in and around San Francisco, CA, and San Jose, CA. Children with moderate-to-severe asthma and parental reports of significant asthma health care utilization were randomized to participate in the disease management intervention or to receive their usual care (control group). Patients were evaluated for clinical and quality-of-life outcomes at weeks 8, 32, and 52 of the study. RESULTS: Compared with controls, the intervention group had significant improvements in the physical domain (P = .04 and P = .01 at 32 and 52 weeks, respectively) and social activity domain (P = .02 and P = .05 at 32 and 52 weeks, respectively) of asthma quality of life on the Child Health Survey for Asthma and child (P = .02 at 8 weeks) and parent (P = .04 and .004 at 32 and 52 weeks, respectively) asthma self-management knowledge. There were no significant differences between groups on clinical outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS: A multicomponent educational, behavioral, and medical intervention targeted at high-risk, inner-city children with asthma can improve asthma knowledge and quality of life.

Asthma↗