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[The relationship between work and vision in a preventive medicine context: the initial guidelines for a correct ergonomic ophthalmological approach proposed by the Italian Group for the Study of the Relationships between Work and Vision (G.I.L.V.). I. The presentation].

Modern technology poses numerous and complex problems concerning the implications for health in the work/vision relationship. While many of the hypotheses made in the past about the possibility of serious eye alterations in non-industrial workers have not been confirmed by recent investigations, considerable attention is at present being addressed to the short- and long-term effects of office work, especially in the case of tasks requiring prolonged visual effort "at near point". The prevalence of asthenopia in such workers is rather high, between 40 and 80%. The considerable specificity of the symptoms and the shortcomings in assessment of exposure in most of the research done so far has meant that no clear and unequivocal causal relationship between work involving intense visual effort and onset of asthenopia has been established. Nevertheless, from an analysis of the literature three main guidelines for a correct ergophthalmologic assessment can be identified: a) ophthalmologic assessments that will detect any transitory inefficiencies of the accommodation and convergence system; b) specific analysis of the technical and illumination conditions with special attention to the distribution of the natural and artificial light sources; c) quantification of airborne pollutants that have a potential irritative effect on the "ocular surface". Other environmental parameters that could be considered are electric and magnetic fields in the vicinity of VDTs and PCs and the microclimate of the workplace.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed1993

[Diurnal vision and mesopic vision in patients with monofocal and diffractive bifocal implants. A prospective and comparative study].

In a prospective study we implanted 34 monofocal posterior chamber lenses and 34 diffractive bifocal posterior chamber lenses. The corrected distance acuity of both groups with comparable age showed no significant difference. To compare functional results of both groups under mesopic conditions we examined all patients with the Mesoptometer II. We determined the visual acuity under field luminance of 1.0 cd/m2 and contrast thresholds under field luminance of 0.1 cd/m2. The results-of patients with diffractive bifocal posterior chamber lenses were significantly reduced compared with patients with monofocal posterior chamber lenses.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Development of color vision in goldfish: selective delayed maturation of blue vision.

Wavelength discriminations in juvenile and adult goldfish were measured among three sensitivity maxima (450, 525 and 625 nm) of goldfish cone photoreceptors using a "go/no-go" (electroshock avoidance) task. The ability of juveniles to discriminate was significantly poorer in 450/525 nm and 450/625 nm discriminations than that of adults. While only a few juveniles acquired clear discriminative responses, there was a greater proportion of adults. In contrast to those discriminations, the ability of juveniles to discriminate between 525 and 625 nm was similar to that of adults. These results suggest that juveniles, in contrast to adults, have selective delayed development of the blue-sensitive mechanism. Some possible explanations for the poor blue discrimination of juveniles are proposed.

Animals↗