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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Regional trends in crude birth, death, and natural increase rates in Russia and the USSR: 1897-1989.

"This paper establishes and discusses briefly regional patterns and trends in crude birth, death, and natural increase rates in Russia and the USSR from the turn of the century to 1989. The study is based on a comparable regional framework and placed in the context of the demographic transition theory. It discusses sources, collection, and quality of data, as well as necessary estimating procedures. An attempt also is made to examine briefly regional age-standardized rates."

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stabilising the USSR's rural population through development of the social infrastructure.

This study is concerned with the problems caused by rural-urban migration in the USSR and with the policies that have been developed to deal with those problems. The author suggests that "the increase in the material prosperity of collective farmers since the Revolution, although a necessary condition for discouraging rural migration, has not in itself been sufficient to prevent the occurrence of rural manpower shortages. He points to the need for an all-round approach to improving conditions of life in the countryside, with due regard for cultural/utilitarian and socio-psychological factors, and suggests that the solution to the problem lies in agro-industrial integration, the improvement of public transport and the extension of the all-weather road network."

Demography↗
PubMed1986

Peculiarities in the formation of populated places on the seaboard of the USSR.

"A number of investigators have noted a movement of Soviet population toward the seacoasts, contrasting with the nation's traditional inland development. The pull of the coast has been linked to the increasing foreign trade of the USSR and to greater involvement in ocean affairs in general. The author analyzes the recent growth of maritime urban places in terms of the nation's major maritime regions: Azov-Black Sea, Baltic, Caspian, Pacific and Arctic, compares the rates of urban population growth and discusses some of the factors that account for differences in regional development."

Commerce↗
PubMed1989

National and regional population trends in the USSR, 1979-89: preliminary results from the 1989 census.

"This article investigates national, macroregional, and economic regional population trends in the USSR during the 1979-89 intercensal period based on preliminary results from the 1989 census. The national total population growth rate during 1979-89 was roughly similar to that of 1970-79. However, the urban growth and urbanization processes slowed, while the rate of rural population change increased due chiefly to reduced rural-urban migration. Regional variations in rates of total, urban, and rural population change generally resembled those of 1970-79. Central Asia continued to exhibit the most rapid overall growth, although Siberia experienced a resurgence."

Demography↗
PubMed1998

GIS uses and constraints on diffusion in Eastern European and the former USSR.

The authors examine the emerging uses of geographic information systems (GIS) in Eastern Europe and the countries that formerly were part of the USSR. "The paper, based on a communications survey, conference participation, and local sources, devotes particular attention to GIS applications in planning and services delivery and to variable rates of adoption of GIS technology in the region, as documented in a table of public-sector applications compiled by the authors. Factors limiting the utility of traditional innovation-diffusion models in understanding current patterns are identified."

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1982

Regional migration and ethnic Russian population change in the USSR (1959-79).

"The related topics of regional net migration and ethnic Russian population redistribution and change in the USSR are investigated for the intercensal period 1970-79 in comparison to 1959-70 by economic regions and subdivisions. The results reveal that the main migration and Russian shifts continued to be from internal to peripheral regions. However, compared with the 1959-70 period, regional rates for 1970-79 were more equalized, and a south-to-north shift seemed to be occurring in both cases." The author notes that "aggregate measures...suggest that the traditional eastward movement of Russians is slowing. Correlation analysis indicates that migration and ethnic Russian change patterns are associated with selected indices of modernization. The south-to-north shift, in particular, has been fairly strong in relation to changes in capital investment. Prospects of a northward migration of Turkic Moslems from Central Asia are also discussed."

Culture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Geographical mobility of manpower in the USSR.

"The Soviet Union is experiencing a substantial reduction in the growth of its working-age population, accompanied by a shift in the distributional pattern of population growth, with the largest increases occurring in regions where geographical mobility is low. After describing the types and scales of manpower migration in the USSR, the [authors discuss] the means used to encourage workers to move to the sparsely populated developing regions and away from large cities. This is achieved primarily through incentives, with wage differentials decreasing in importance compared with incentives bearing on the quality of life; restrictive measures have a purely corrective function."

Demography↗
PubMed1986

Changes in the metropolitan and large city populations of the USSR: 1979-85.

"This paper investigates the post-census growth of metropolitan areas and large cities in the USSR from 1979 to 1985. The Soviet population continues to be increasingly concentrated in large metropolitan areas and large cities, and although suburbanization occurs within metropolitan areas, a striking feature is that all central cities continue to grow and typically contain the vast majority of the metropolitan population. This reflects the fact that individual large cities continue to loom large, despite policies to limit their growth. Although the growth rates of large cities have slowed, so have those of smaller towns, and a merging of growth rates by size class is occurring."

Demography↗
PubMed1988

Union republic migration trends in the USSR during the 1980s.

"This article examines union republic migration trends in the USSR between 1979 and 1987 and prospects for indigenous out-migration from rural areas in Central Asia. The study is based on migration data derived by the residual technique and migration data from the 1985 microcensus. Results indicate that a south-to-north and probably Russian-dominated migration trend emerged in the 1980s, one which marks an almost complete reversal from earlier periods, especially 1959-70. Although Central Asia continues to have low levels of indigenous out-migration, labor surpluses and relatively waning capital investment in Central Asia may change this situation."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Some observations on migration within and from the former USSR in the 1990s.

"Patterns of population distribution revealed from 1989 census data are used to assess how future population movements could be affected by current political, social, and economic changes. Much migration in the USSR has reflected central planning decisions as much as the spontaneous decisions of individuals. To the extent that the influence of the command economy diminishes and a market economy emerges, major new directions of migration flows can be expected. The return of ethnic 'expatriates' to home republics can be expected to increase, as can economic migration to areas with favorably perceived economic prospects, and migration to Central and Western Europe."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Urban settlement size trends in the former USSR: 1970-1989.

"Based upon recently published data, this paper investigates urban settlement size trends in the former USSR and its republics during the intercensal periods of 1970-1979 and 1979-1989. Results indicate that although a trend toward largeness of the Soviet urban hierarchy continues, a slowing in this direction has occurred. Among republics, all had an increasing trend towards largeness on at least one and usually all three summary measures of urban settlement size structure. The RSFSR [Russia] and Armenia especially consistently evidenced a relatively high degree of largeness, while the former Baltic republics generally revealed a relative smallness."

Demography↗
PubMed1993

The epidemiological transition and causes of death in the USSR.

"Within the context of the theory of epidemiological transition, an analysis is made of life expectancy and its structure as related to the causes of death in the USSR and the union republics, and also their lag behind the life expectancy level achieved by developed countries."

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1995

Rapidly growing towns in the former USSR and Russia, 1970-1993.

"Using urban places of 15,000 or more inhabitants as its point of reference, this paper identifies and investigates the most rapidly growing towns and cities of the USSR during the recent intercensal periods of 1970-79 and 1979-89. Rapidly growing towns are defined as towns that grew by at least 50 percent overall for the intercensal period and at a rate of equal to or exceeding 4.1 percent annually. In addition, a category of 'doubling towns' is investigated, defined as towns that increased in population by at least 100 percent (or 6.3 percent or more annually). Special attention is devoted to the geographical aspects, economic functions, and size characteristics of the towns involved. Comparisons with 1959-70, an overall examination from 1959-89, and an update for contemporary Russia during 1989-93 also are undertaken."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Some problems of medicodemographic development in the former USSR.

The republics of the former USSR show great diversity in life expectancy, and in morbidity and disability prevalence rates. The diversity in life expectancy is strongly influenced by the different age, sex and cause-specific mortality rates obtaining in each republic. These in turn are determined by environmental, climatic and topographic features, as well as by social and economic development and lifestyle, including nutritional habits. In addition, large urban and rural differences are noted which may be partly accounted for by the restricted access to and low quality of health care in rural areas. Mortality, morbidity and disability rates have also shown unfavourable trends between 1965 and 1989 in many of the republics. The authors suggest further research to elucidate observed mortality, morbidity and disability differentials and trends, viz. analyses using finer breakdown of the population; examination of risk-factor-pattern data for mortality and morbidity by social groups and regions; the collection of data on health and demographic problems of ethnic minorities; greater use of socioeconomic development indicators at the regional level; surveys of individual opinions on perceived health, health requirements and quality of care received; and the development of appropriate medicodemographic models for analytic and forecasting purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison of patients from the USSR and USA.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United States (USA) shows a remarkable similarity in age of disease onset, subtype onset, frequency, and most laboratory measurements. There is variation in the therapeutic approach with heavier reliance on aspirin in the USA. The evolution of JRA from onset subtype to final subtype over 5 years was the same in both groups and was independent of the type of therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Geographical distribution of lung cancer in the USSR.

During recent years medico-geographical studies on lung cancer in the USSR have been intensified. The results of these studies are reflected in works on the geographical distribution of lung cancer and on the influence of unfavourable natural-economic factors upon lung cancer incidence. The steady increase in lung cancer morbidity and mortality throughout the world is one of the urgent problems of today. Numerous studies have been carried out, and these have identified several aetiological factors which play a certain role in lung cancer development (smoking, occupational hazards, air pollution by industry and traffic). These studies have shown lung cancer to be one of the cancers most closely associated with environmental conditions. Lung cancer is considered to be a disease of the male population inhabiting highly industrialized cities and countries. However, lung cancer incidence has also been increasing recently in the female population of different countries. (V. Merabishvili, G. Tserkovny, 1981) Different levels of morbidity and mortality from lung cancer throughout the world make it necessary to undertake comprehensive studies on the complicated and ever-changing relations between the health status of the population and the effect of natural and economic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Geographical distribution of breast cancer in the USSR.

This work presents statistical data on breast cancer incidence in the population of the USSR and the Union republics (1970-1980). Mortality rates for the population are also presented, together with trends in compilation of breast cancer patient contingents. The study was based on summarized data on breast cancer incidence and patient follow-up carried out by oncological institutions.

Adult↗