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Juvenile offenders and accurate perception of time.

In the present study, 72 juvenile offenders and 24 high school boys with no criminal history were tested on how accurately they could estimate the passage of 15-, 30-, 60-, and 120 sec. periods of time. Hypotheses predicted significant differences between the accuracy of time estimations by juvenile offenders and high school students across and among all four trials and also between trials of time estimation by 24 violent juvenile offenders and 24 nonviolent juvenile offenders across and among the trials. Analysis indicated that these mostly Hispanic juvenile offenders produced significantly less accurate time estimations than nonoffending high school students, but no significant differences were found between estimates by violent juvenile and nonviolent juvenile offenders. The results are consistent with previous research indicating that deficits in ego functioning may be associated with the presence of maladaptive and antisocial behavior.

Adolescent↗

Perception of time: variations in verbal content and delay of estimation.

Delay of time estimation results in consistently longer judgments than immediate estimation, yet confirmatory studies have relied primarily on numerical digits for interpolated material as shown, for example, by Vitulli and Rowe in 1999. The present study used three paragraphs audiotaped from a 1998 textbook in general psychology by Baron as stimuli presented for judgment of the passage of time. Among 218 undergraduate volunteers delay of estimation produced significantly longer judgments regardless of the verbal passage, and short-term memory scores varied as a function of content.

Adult↗

On the perception of time during prolonged temporal isolation.

UNLABELLED: In an underground isolation unit, 42 subjects were living singly for time spans of at least 7 days up to more than a month. Except three who were entrained to 24 h by an externally controlled light-dark cycle (LD), subjects had no time cues and developed free-running circadian rhythms either in self-selected LD-cycles or in constant illumination. Each subject had to give a signal whenever he thought that 1 h had passed. In addition, 30 subjects produced short-time intervals within the range from 10 to 120 s. RESULTS: The 1-h estimates were longer than 1 h, and had a strong positive correlation with the duration of wakefulness alpha as well as with the length of the circadian cycle. The short time estimates were equally distributed between under- and over-estimation of the required interval, and they were neither correlated with the 1-h estimates nor with alpha. It is concluded that long and short time estimates are based on different mechanisms.

Adolescent↗

Causality and the perception of time.

Does our perception of when an event occurs depend on whether we caused it? A recent study suggests that when we perceive our actions to cause an event, it seems to occur earlier than if we did not cause it.

Journal Article↗