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Results for “Technology Transfer”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evaluating organizational design to assure technology transfer: the case of the Community Clinical Oncology Program.

Current theories of organizational performance are used to guide researchers at the Health Services Research Center of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the University of Illinois Survey Research Laboratory in the evaluation of the National Cancer Institute's Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) and to derive policy options to enhance program operations. CCOP represents an innovative mechanism designed to improve the accrual of patients to phase III clinical trials, involve community-based oncologists in clinical research, and potentially to disseminate new information on the state-of-the-art cancer treatment to areas distant from cancer centers and research-oriented medical centers. Examined in this evaluation of the second phase of the CCOP are the ability of the 52 currently funded CCOPs and 17 research bases to accrue patients to cancer treatment and cancer control research protocols, their influence on the patterns of practice for cancer treatment in CCOP communities, and their influence on cancer control awareness and activity among primary care physicians. The evaluation applies selected organizational perspectives to describe the intraorganizational and interorganizational characteristics of the CCOPs, research bases, and the Institute that may affect the performance of the CCOP. This organizational approach relates the accrual and influence of the CCOP to controllable aspects of the program's design and management strategies that can be changed through policies directed by the National Cancer Institute. These policies include the criteria used to select CCOPs, the role of research bases in the development and implementation of treatment and cancer control research protocols, and the use of accrual credits.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2002

Cardiopulmonary bypass technology transfer: musings of a cardiac surgeon.

The development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been one of the greatest technical advancements in cardiovascular medicine. With heparin anticoagulation, this device can safely replace the circulatory and gas-exchanging functions of the heart and lung, facilitating complex cardiac operations. Limitations still exist however, related to blood reactions at the biomaterial surface, such as cell activation, inflammation and low-grade thrombosis. In this brief review, the thought processes which paralleled the development of CPB biocompatible surfaces such as heparin-coating, will be explored, as well as current theories on the suspected mechanisms by which heparin-coated surfaces act as an anti-inflammatory device during CPB. Results with new surfaces for CPB designed to capitalize on superior protein adsorption properties, such as surface modifying additive (SMA) and poly (2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PMEA), will also be described. Finally, the significance of biomaterial-independent blood activation will be discussed, emphasizing the current need to develop strategies utilizing optimal biomaterials, modified surgical technique and pharmacologic therapy to minimize the systemic complications of CPB.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1990

Uses of biotechnology and technology transfer to keep food safe.

The era of biology is composed of 1) the definition of molecular laws of biology, 2) the exponential expansion of the data base, and 3) the establishment of the first generation molecular and cellular tool kit; this era is driving the development and commercialization of biotechnological products and processes for agriculture and the food system. These products and processes should have a major impact in maintaining and improving food safety. Several meeting and organizational initiatives on biotechnology and food safety are summarized. Possible roles of biotechnology in areas of food safety involve microbial contaminants, nutritional quality, natural antimetabolites, allergens, toxicants, and synthetic chemical residues. Biotechnology will have an impact on all these areas through both improved ability to measure as well as to modify microbes, animals, and plants used as food. Diagnostics for microbial contaminants and biobased alternatives to synthetic chemicals are most advanced. However, all these biotechnological products and processes for food safety are in very early stages of development and commercialization.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Health management education partnerships: more than technology transfer.

This article presents the reflections of three faculty members from New York University based on more than two years of experience in a health management education (HME) partnership with institutions in the Republic of Albania. The most significant point to be shared with colleagues considering similar initiatives in other countries is that aiding other professionals in developing health management education programs involves much more than the transfer of technical information among professionals. Based on experience in Albania, we argue that the development of viable management and policy analysis programs will require assistance to counterparts in Central and Eastern Europe in: (1) building constituencies for these activities among influential leaders and sustaining this support through changes in government; (2) providing models of and motivations for using styles of pedagogy that vary significantly from those now common in this part of the world; and (3) reconciling conflicts between pressures for investments in the largely hospital-based activity of health management and the largely public-health-based needs of relatively poor countries.

Albania↗
PubMed2003

Challenges when transferring technology from Lactococcus laboratory strains to industrial strains.

Many genetically modified Lactococcus strains have been constructed in research laboratories around the world. Most of these have originated from laboratory strains and therefore there are several barriers to using them in an industrial setting. Laboratory strains are often plasmid-free and consequently Lac- and Prt-, rendering them unable to grow in milk. Many of the commonly used techniques have been optimised for laboratory strains and their application to industrial strains may require a great deal of effort. Often genetically modified organisms produced in the laboratory do not fit the published definition of 'food-grade' (Johansen, 1999, Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology, Academic Press, London, pp. 917-921) and a great deal of effort is required to eliminate undesirable DNA sequences. As a consequence, it is often necessary to recreate the strains in industrial backgrounds before the innovations described in the scientific literature can be applied to the real-world dairy industry.

Biotechnology↗