Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TRICHOMONAS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Dot-immunobinding assay with monoclonal antibody for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in clinical specimens.

A rapid and specific dot-enzyme immunoassay (DIBA) using monoclonal antibody was introduced for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis antigen in vaginal and urethral materials. The results of DIBA were compared with culture findings of the parasite in 245 female patients. Taking culture as the reference method, DIBA had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 93%. The predictive value of a positive test was 98% and that of a negative test 77%. The efficacy of wet mount, culture and DIBA were compared in 134 women with trichomonal infection. The most sensitive method was cultivation with a positivity of 99.3%. DIBA was as sensitive as the wet mount (92%). In 51 sexual partners of women with trichomoniasis DIBA proved to be ineffective. The sensitivity of the assay with corpuscular antigen of T vaginalis was 1 x 10(4) cells/ml, with soluble antigen 47 micrograms/ml. Specificity of the assay was confirmed by lack of any cross-reactivity with Trichomonas tenax. Tritrichomonas mobilensis and Candida albicans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A novel surface protein of Trichomonas vaginalis is regulated independently by low iron and contact with vaginal epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Trichomonosis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is the number one, non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) that affects more than 250 million people worldwide. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been implicated in resistance to mucosal infections by pathogens. No reports are available of IgA-reactive proteins and the role, if any, of this class of antibody in the control of this STD. The availability of an IgA monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunoreactive to trichomonads by whole cell (WC)-ELISA prompted us to characterize the IgA-reactive protein of T. vaginalis. RESULTS: An IgA mAb called 6B8 was isolated from a library of mAbs reactive to surface proteins of T. vaginalis. The 6B8 mAb recognized a 44-kDa protein (TV44) by immunoblot analysis, and a full-length cDNA clone encoded a protein of 438 amino acids. Southern analysis revealed the gene (tv44) of T. vaginalis to be single copy. The tv44 gene was down-regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels in iron-depleted trichomonads as well as in parasites after contact with immortalized MS-74 vaginal epithelial cells (VECs). Immunofluorescence on non-permeabilized organisms confirmed surface localization of TV44, and the intensity of fluorescence was reduced after parasite adherence to VECs. Lastly, an identical protein and gene were present in Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas tenax. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a T. vaginalis gene (tv44) encoding a surface protein (TV44) reactive with an IgA mAb, and both gene and protein were conserved in human and bovine trichomonads. Further, TV44 is independently down-regulated in expression and surface placement by iron and contact with VECs. TV44 is another member of T. vaginalis genes that are regulated by at least two independent signaling mechanisms involving iron and contact with VECs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Empyema caused by trichomonas.

Empyema is one of the potential complications of lower respiratory tract infections. Very rarely, in predisposed individuals, empyema can be caused by Trichomonas species, of which Trichomonas tenax appears to be the most common cause. Here, we present a case of trichomonal empyema in a 56-year-old man and review the available literature of this rare occurrence.

Empyema, Pleural↗
PubMed2003

Trichomonas vaginalis: identification of a phospholipase A-dependent hemolytic activity in a vesicular subcellular fraction.

Trichomonad total extracts (TTE), or vesicular (P30) and soluble (530) subcellular fractions from 3 pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis strains (GT-3. GT-13. and GT-15), lysed both human and Sprague-Dawley rat erythrocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The entire hemolytic activity of TTE was located in P30, showing 2 peaks of maximum activity, one at pH 6.0 and another at pH 8.0. in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. Hemolytic activity on rat erythrocytes was greater at pH 6.0 16.71 +/- 0.33 hemolytic units IHU]/mg/hr to 11.60 +/- 0.24 HU/mg/hr) than at pH 8.0 (3.81 +/- 0.30 HU/mg/hr to 5.75 +/- 0.65 HU/mg/hr). and it was greater than that on human red blood cells at pH 6.0 (2.67 +/- 0.19 HU/mg/hr to 4.08 +/- 0.15 HU/mg/hr) or pH 8.0 (2.24 +/- 0.0 9 HU/mg/hr to 2.81 +/- 0.06 HU/mg/hr). The alkaline and acidic hemolytic activity diminished (60-93% at pH 6.0 and 78-93% at pH 8.0) by the effect of 80 microM Rosenthal's inhibitor, which also inhibited 27-45% and 29-54% trichomonad alkaline and acidic phospholipase A activities, respectively. Vesicles, vacuoles, and hydrogenosomes were rich in P30. Trichomonas vaginalis has a hemolytic PLA, which could be involved in its cytopathogenic mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of the heat-shock response of Trichomonas vaginalis.

The heat-shock response induced in Trichomonas vaginalis by exposure to various incubation temperatures was traced by metabolic labeling and monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Increasing the incubation temperature from 37 degrees C to 43 degrees C depressed normal protein production and enhanced synthesis of heat-shock proteins (hsp). Smaller increases in incubation temperature resulted in little change in protein synthesis, whereas larger temperature increases inhibited protein synthesis. The hsp produced by T. vaginalis included molecules with approximate molecular masses of 85, 78, 66, 61, 35-31, 20-15, and 12 kD. Trichomonas vaginalis switched to hsp synthesis gradually. Full conversion to hsp production occurred within 60-90 min after the initiation of the 43 degrees C stress. The period of synthesis was different for individual hsp, suggesting independent regulation of hsp production. Four strains of freshly reinitiated and culture-adapted (extended in vitro culture) T. vaginalis synthesized the 85-, 78-, and 66-kD hsp, but varied in the synthesis of the 61-, 35-, 34-, 32-, and 31-kD molecules. Culture adaptation affected the heat-shock response of two of the four strains tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Trichomonas gallinae in columbiform birds from the Galapagos Islands.

Domestic pigeons were introduced into the Galapagos Islands in 1972 or 1973. There is a high prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae among them and some evidence of canker. Trichomonas gallinae can be found also in endemic Galapagos doves in the vicinity of Puerto Ayora on Santa Cruz Island. Doves examined on pigeon-free islands were not found infected.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Isoenzyme analysis on different isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the biological types on the seven isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis from Beijing, Hebei-Tangshan, Hebei-Chengde and Jiangxi-Jiujiang in the mainland of China. METHODS: The samples were analyzed by PAGE, isoenzyme stain and cluster analysis. RESULTS: The isoenzyme systems used in the study included MDH, LDH, G-6-PD, PGI and PGM. No difference in the isoenzyme patterns of G-6-PD and PGI was found among the seven isolates. The MDH and LDH patterns of Beijing 1, Beijing 2, Jiujiang 3 strains were identical, while they were distinguishable from those of Chengde, Tangshan, Jiujiang 1, Jiujiang 2 isolates. The PGM pattern of Beijing 1 and Beijing 2 isolates were same but was different from that of the remainders. Gene tree was constructed according to the isoenzyme profiles. The results showed that there are differences in the patterns of the five isoenzymes between the isolates of Beijing 1, Beijing 2, Jiujiang 3 and other four isolates, and Jiujiang 3 was different from Beijing 1, Beijing 2 slightly. CONCLUSION: It seems reasonable to assume that there are at least three different biological types of Trichomonas vaginalis in China.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Demographic and behavioral predictors of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among pregnant women. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group.

There is little available information on the demographic and behavioral factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis in pregnant women. Among 13,816 women from six urban clinic centers, the prevalence rate by culture at mid-pregnancy was 12.6%. Women colonized with T vaginalis were significantly more likely to be black, cigarette smokers, unmarried, and less educated (all P less than .01). Several behavioral factors associated with T vaginalis included greater numbers of sexual partners both lifetime and in the last year, 5 years or more of sexual activity, and a history of gonorrhea (all P less than .01). Trichomonas vaginalis-colonized women were less sexually active in the preceding month compared with uncolonized women (P less than .01). Women using either barrier or oral contraception in the 6 months before becoming pregnant were far less likely to be colonized (P less than .01). Other factors such as age, gravidity, income level, age at first coitus, and use of antibiotics, alcohol, or douche during pregnancy were not independently associated with T vaginalis colonization. Because many of the factors predictive of increased risk of colonization have also been shown to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, they should be considered in assessing the association of T vaginalis with adverse pregnancy outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in a serum-free McCoy cell culture system.

Axenic cultures of Trichomonas vaginalis normally require serum for proliferation, yet serum-containing medium may interfere with the detection of T. vaginalis-secreted virulence factors. Trichomonas vaginalis can, however, grow in coculture with a McCoy cell monolayer in both the presence and absence of serum. For 6 T. vaginalis isolates examined, growth in this serum-free system shows lower peak concentrations of T. vaginalis and longer doubling times than those apparent in a serum-containing McCoy cell system. McCoy cells employed in the system did not appear to secrete soluble growth factors for T. vaginalis. The presence of McCoy cells was required for serum-free proliferation of T. vaginalis possibly indicating that eukaryotic cell membrane components may be important in supporting serum-free growth in this system.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Importance of Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis protozoa in the human oral cavity].

Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis are protozoa found in the human oral cavity. Morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of those parasites were reviewed and then studied with the scanning electron microscope in this paper. Based on previous epidemiological studies, the relationship between periodontal disease and those protozoa was analysed. Evaluation of the pathogenicity of Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis was also part of the discussion of this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Study of candida and Trichomonas vaginalis in Leucorrhoea.

Of 150 clinically suspected cases of leucorrhoea, 44 cases (29.33%) showed growth of candida and 30 cases (20%) of trichomonas, by wet preparation. Among the candida species the most frequent isolate was C albicans (56.8%), followed by C tropicalis (20.4%), C krusei (11.4%), C stellatoidea (9.1%) and C parapsilosis (2.3%). The higher incidence was found among the pregnant women than among non-pregnant women. Among pregnant women multipara in third trimester showed higher incidence of candida and trichomonas infection.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Differentiation of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections of the vagina.

This study evaluated the positive predictive values of factors associated with Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas vaginalis for diagnosing vaginitis in a community-based population. One hundred ninety-six women with and without vaginal complaints were evaluated for historical factors, physical examination findings, and office laboratory results that were potentially associated with each of the three vaginal organisms. Extensive microbiological tests were performed to detect pathogenic organisms in the vagina and cervix. Gardnerella vaginalis was associated with findings of clue cells, gray or creamy vaginal discharge, amine ordor on application of potassium hydroxide solution to the discharge, pH greater than 5, and a history of more than six sexual partners. Candida albicans was associated with the presence of pseudohyphae or budding yeast on microscopic examination and the lack of clue cells. Current use of oral contraceptives and the recent use of antibiotics were not predictive of a Candida albicans infection. Trichomonas vaginalis was more common in patients presenting with symptoms, but otherwise was not predicted by the factors tested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[New fluorescence microscopic technic for the identification of Trichomonas vaginalis].

A new fluorescent dye for the identification of trichomonas vaginalis is described. Specimens under investigation were mixed with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (Dapi) and examined using white light and UV-light. The combined use of the two techniques allows to recognize the mobile non fluorescing and the dead intensive yellow fluorescing trichomonads. Devitalized epithelial cells, bacteria and leucocytes in contrast to living trichomonas are stained yellow in a few minutes. This is of diagnostic help.

Amidines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytotoxic activity of Trichomonas vaginalis supernatants toward cellular monolayers].

In the present paper we analyzed the cytopathogenic activity of 3 recently isolated strains of T. vaginalis on cellular monolayers of human and animal origin. Proliferation of protozoon was accompanied by the progressive and total disintegration of cellular monolayers. Supernatants obtained by incubating cellular monolayers and Trichomonas or Trichomonas alone showed a similar cytopathic effect. A less lytic activity was shown with supernatants containing fetal calf serum. Cytopathogenicity started at 9th hour and was completed at 24th hour. Both this activity and adherence to cells may contribute to the pathogenicity mechanism of T. vaginalis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

In vitro inhibition of Trichomonas vaginalis growth by some ortho-phenacyloxy-benzyl alcohols and their derivatives.

Some phenacyl ethers of different ortho-hydroxy-benzyl alcohols and analogues have been synthesized and tested for the in vitro activity towards Trichomonas vaginalis. The most active compounds had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 6.25 micrograms/ml and appeared to be of a certain interest as representative of a new type of anti-Trichomonas substances not containing a nitro group.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1985

"In vitro" effect of microtubule inhibitors on Trichomonas vaginalis.

This paper describes the effects of some antimicrotubular drugs (mebendazole, flubendazole, thiabendazole, colchicine, griseofulvin, vinblastine and isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate or IPC) on growth and viability of Trichomonas vaginalis. Among the inhibitors tested, mebendazole and flubendazole irreversibly inhibit protozoa growth at low concentration (greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml), while colchicine and griseofulvin act at higher concentrations and thiabendazole and IPC are ineffective. In order to explain mechanism of action of these drugs, some microtubule-correlated functions such as shape modification and mitotic index were studied. Our results support the hypothesis that the main targets for these compounds are the cytoplasmic microtubules of Trichomonas vaginalis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Evaluation of the virulence of Trichomonas vaginalis strains by the study of their cytopathogenic effect on cultured cells].

The pathogenicity level of 25 wild strains and 4 clones of Trichomonas vaginalis was evaluated on the observation of rapidity and intensity of cytopathogenic effect occurring in Mac Coy cells culture. It appeared more sensitive, faster and nearer of behaviour and cytopathogenicity in women than subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculation to mice. The lack of diffusible exotoxin and the cell adhesiveness of Trichomonas vaginalis observed, suggest that pathogenicity could be in connection with the presence of cell surface receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin-like protein on the cell surface of the oral flagelatte Trichomonas tenax.

A protein immunologically related to fibronectin was demonstrated on the oral flagellate Trichomonas tenax. Two strains of T. tenax were used, the first freshly taken from ulcerative gingivitis and the second maintained in culture for 2 years. Initial investigations were made by established immunofluorescence staining procedures. Cells of the protozoa gave a positive fluorescence with anti-fibronectin anti-serum, while the controls were negative. Subsequently, indirect immunostaining procedures for electron microscopy were performed using the peroxidase procedure. Peroxidase deposits were detected on the outer layer of the cell membrane. Particularly intense labelling was localized in the contact areas between bacteria and protozoa, and sometimes within the marginal lamina of the undulating membrane. This fibronectin-like protein could potentially play an important role in the adhesion of Trichomonas tenax to gingival cells, connective tissue and in the phagocytosis of bacteria. The attachment of protozoa to gingival substrates could be the first step in the breakdown of periodontal tissues.

Cell Membrane↗