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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Thermography in assessing coronary artery saphenous graft patency and blood flow.

Infrared thermography has been used in 32 patients undergoing coronary artery saphenous bypass graft surgery in our department, in order to visualise graft patency and flow at the time surgery. 16 of these patients also had flow measurements with the use of electromagnetic flow meters to one or more of their grafts, which had already been thermographed in order to establish a correlation between the two methods. This study has confirmed that grafts which show good flow by means of electromagnetic flow meters also have a good pictorial graft patency and flow with infrared thermography.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of testicular core temperatures using microwave thermography.

A new method for the reliable assessment of testicular core temperature using microwave technology is presented. This study was designed to assess whether alterations in testicular thermoregulation could be reliably demonstrated in patients with clinically apparent varicoceles (n = 36), in those with idiopathic male infertility (n = 52) and in fertile donors (n = 20) using this new microwave thermographic technique. The measurements obtained were found to be reliable and reproducible. Testicular core temperature measurements were significantly different between the groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a temperature gradient between the scrotal neck and the testicular core in all groups; testicular core temperatures were lower than scrotal neck temperatures. The magnitude of this temperature difference was also significantly different (P < 0.001) between the groups. Microwave testicular thermography is a new technique that is safe and accurate. Preliminary results suggest altered testicular thermoregulation in a group of patients with impaired spermatogenesis with and without varicocele. Testicular temperature profiles obtained by microwave thermography may be of value in the assessment of infertile men with or without a varicocele.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Abdominal skin temperature variation in healthy broiler chickens as determined by thermography.

Abdominal skin temperature of healthy broiler chickens was determined by thermography to estimate the normal range of between- and within-bird temperature variation. Effects of potential confounding factors, such as bird's contention duration, abdominal side, age, and time of day, were also estimated. Mean skin temperature was estimated from thermogram pictures by computer image analysis of a predetermined abdominal area. Results demonstrated that skin temperature was not significantly affected by contention duration. However, skin temperature was higher on the right abdominal side in younger birds and at 1200 h. Between- and within-bird variation in healthy birds was small (< 0.5 degrees C) when age, abdominal side, and time of day were taken into account. This work suggests that skin temperature measurement using thermography can be adapted for the study of skin temperature in broiler chickens.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Use of recovery-enhanced thermography to localize cutaneous perforators.

Recovery-enhanced thermography implies the scanning, after cooling, of the skin surface with ice water for several seconds. Using this method, cutaneous perforators were clearly identified in constant distributions on the trunks of 12 healthy volunteers. Clinically, preoperative recovery-enhanced thermography is useful for the design of perforator-based flaps. We describe this method in detail and demonstrate its reliability with successful clinical cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Abdominal thermography in infantile and childhood liver disease.

Thermography provides an indication of the infrared energy emitted from various skin surfaces and, usually, reflects heat conveyed there from underlying organs. We have used abdominal thermography to study 62 infants and children with acute and chronic liver disease. Thirty-four healthy infants and children were studied as controls. Thermograms were abnormal in 96% of all patients with liver disease. The most common pattern was diffuse heat emission over the liver area, either alone or in combination with vascular and/or mottled patterns. A mottled pattern was more common in chronic liver disease. Although follow-up thermograms were obtained in 28 patients, the data obtained for different types of liver disease are as yet insufficient to warrant conclusions. However, it appeared that reversal of an abnormal thermogram to normal was associated with improvement of liver function and histologic findings in two patients with acute viral hepatitis. On the other hand, persistence of abnormal thermographic records was always associated with persistent hepatic disease as determined by histology and tests of liver function.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Intraoperative dynamic infrared thermography and free-flap surgery.

Flap failure in free-tissue transfer relates strongly to technical failure of the anastomosis or to kinking as well as to external compression of the donor or recipient vessels. Intraoperative monitoring of flap perfusion has shown to prevent flap failure. This prospective, clinical study presents the results of intraoperative dynamic infrared thermography as a novel method to monitor reperfusion indirectly in 10 free flaps. This noninvasive technique provided a fast and reliable method to register partial or total arterial occlusion due to anastomotic failure, as well as due to external compression or kinking of the vessels. The dynamic infrared image sequences showed an improved rate and pattern of rewarming of the flap after an additional venous anastomosis was opened. The state of reperfusion of the flap at the end of the operation could easily be determined. The authors conclude that dynamic infrared thermography provides the surgeon with valuable information on flap reperfusion during free flap surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Visualization of dynamic subcutaneous vasomotor response by computer-assisted thermography.

Infrared thermography is a noninvasive and nonionizing imaging modality which detects thermally significant subcutaneous blood vessels as linear heat patterns projected onto the skin surface. In clinical thermography, pseudo-colors are typically used to represent isothermal regions. However, pseudo-colors destroy the connectivity of vascular patterns since the intravenous temperature of a subcutaneous blood vessel varies along its length. This representation also confounds estimates of vessel boundary location since boundary information is rendered by temperature gradients, and not by isotherms. This paper describes two computer-assisted methodologies for the visualization of peripheral subcutaneous vasomotor events. The first approach, which utilizes a three-stage segmentation strategy based on edge detection, can visualize temperature differences of approximately 3.5 degrees C between the subcutaneous vessel boundaries and surrounding tissue. The second approach requires user interaction with an adaptive filtering algorithm that selectively enhances vascular patterns in the thermogram while decreasing background noise artifacts. The user interactively selects decision thresholds used by the algorithm to develop symbolic, axiomatic models of homogeneous and bimodal local contrast regions. The result of this trained filter is then employed in a technique called digital subtraction thermographic venography for the extraction of subcutaneous venous patterns. This second approach shows less ambiguity and higher sensitivity than the edge detection approach in resolving subtle temperature differences of approximately 1.2 degrees C between the vessel and surrounding tissue. Computer-processed frames from both of these approaches are used for the dynamic visualization of normal and pathological vasomotor responses to thermal challenges, thereby providing diagnostic visual cues which are unavailable in the original thermograms.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1977

Thermography of the nose and ear in relation to the skin lesions of lepromatous leprosy, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and lupus pernio.

The nasal and aural temperature patterns of 100 normal subjects have been investigated by infrared thermography, paying particular attention to possible errors of instrumentation and technique which may arise in such areas of complex morphology. Although by no means invariable, the pattern of themograms confirms that certain areas which are relatively cool are often affected in lepromatous leprosy, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, and lupus pernio. In lepromatous leprosy, low temperature appears to govern the localization of disease in most parts of the body, and the possible reasons for this are discussed. Thermography may have a place in the investigation of other skin diseases in which the distribution of lesions on the body surface is unexplained.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The value of thermography and the determination of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis.

Fifty-one patients with leg symptoms indicating deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were investigated concomitantly with thermography and phlebography. Altogether 26 legs with phlebographically proven DVT exhibited a thermographic picture typical of DVT. So, however, did 3 out of 25 legs with no DVT. A 94 percent agreement was found between phlebography and thermography when applied to legs with suspect DVT. The serum levels of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were assayed in 58 patients attending hospital for suspect DVT. These patients were free from other diseases known to be followed by raised FDP levels. With borderline significance, the DVT group had higher FDP values. The usefulness of this laboratory test in the diagnosis of DVT is, however, questioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Changes in skin blood flow and temperature during spinal analgesia evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry and infrared thermography.

Changes in skin blood flow and skin temperature during spinal analgesia and "sham" spinal analgesia were studied using laser Doppler flowmetry and skin temperature measurements on patients scheduled for transurethral resection. Infrared thermography was also used. During "sham" spinal analgesia skin blood flow decreased 17.7% +/- 37% (s.d.) and skin temperature fell 0.05 degrees C +/- 0.6 (s.d.) degree C. The height of the blockade was T10 or above in all cases. Using the laser Doppler technique with measuring points from the clavicle to T12, a tendency towards increased skin blood flow was seen in six cases out of 20 at T10 (significant elevations in 3/20) and in 14 cases out of 20 at T12 (significant elevations in 7/20). Skin temperature measurements and thermography showed a tendency towards cooling in the thoraco-abdominal region in the vast majority of the cases and a marked temperature elevation in the foot only. No differences between hyperbaric and glucose-free solutions for spinal analgesia were noticed. The conclusion of this study is that during spinal analgesia the extent of sympathetic blockade is less than the extent of analgesia.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Thermography and laser-Doppler flowmetry for monitoring changes in finger skin blood flow upon cigarette smoking.

Haemodynamic changes after smoking two 1.1 mg nicotine cigarettes were monitored in 24 smokers on two different occasions. Smoking caused an increase in heart rate and arterial blood pressure, whereas finger temperature as measured by thermography and finger skin blood flow as measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) decreased. Lowest values were seen within 15 min by LDF, and after 30 min by thermography. Changes in the two methods correlated closely, however, when maximum responses during a 45-min period after smoking were compared. The wider distribution of LDF values would seem to be due to the small measuring volume which is susceptible to differences in vascular anatomy and reactivity. In both methods, responses showed a high degree of reproducibility.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Breast thermography is a noninvasive prognostic procedure that predicts tumor growth rate in breast cancer patients.

Our recent retrospective analysis of the clinical records of patients who had breast thermography demonstrated that an abnormal thermogram was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and a poorer prognosis for the breast cancer patient. This study included 100 normal patients, 100 living cancer patients, and 126 deceased cancer patients. Abnormal thermograms included asymmetric focal hot spots, areolar and periareolar heat, diffuse global heat, vessel discrepancy, or thermographic edge sign. Incidence and prognosis were directly related to thermographic results: only 28% of the noncancer patients had an abnormal thermogram, compared to 65% of living cancer patients and 88% of deceased cancer patients. Further studies were undertaken to determine if thermography is an independent prognostic indicator. Comparison to the components of the TNM classification system showed that only clinical size was significantly larger (p = 0.006) in patients with abnormal thermograms. Age, menopausal status, and location of tumor (left or right breast) were not related to thermographic results. Progesterone and estrogen receptor status was determined by both the cytosol-DCC and immunocytochemical methods, and neither receptor status showed any clear relationship to the thermographic results. Prognostic indicators that are known to be related to tumor growth rate were then compared to thermographic results. The concentration of ferritin in the tumor was significantly higher (p = 0.021) in tumors from patients with abnormal thermograms (1512 +/- 2027, n = 50) compared to tumors from patients with normal thermograms (762 +/- 620, n = 21). Both the proportion of cells in DNA synthesis (S-phase) and proliferating (S-phase plus G2M-phase, proliferative index) were significantly higher in patients with abnormal thermograms. The expression of the proliferation-associated tumor antigen Ki-67 was also associated with an abnormal thermogram. The strong relationships of thermographic results with these three growth rate-related prognostic indicators suggest that breast cancer patients with abnormal thermograms have faster-growing tumors that are more likely to have metastasized and to recur with a shorter disease-free interval.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Study on the distribution pattern of skin temperature in normal Chinese and detection of the depth of early burn wound by infrared thermography.

OBJECTIVE: Conduct basic research of the distribution pattern of skin temperature and estimate the wound depth in normal Chinese in the early stage of burn injury by using technical thermography. METHODS: (1) Two hundred twenty-three volunteers from the electrical power system were randomly chosen: 138 males and 85 females, mean age 42.5 +/- 8.8, and mean weight 65.37 +/- 9.7 kg. (2) Thermovision 470 Pro camera of AGEMA Corporation, Sweden, was used. (3) A total of 29,882 values of skin temperature from all over the body were classified, compared, and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The difference in temperature on the y-axis of the body is relatively significant, from 0 to 9 degrees C. The difference in temperature on the x-axis of the body is relatively invariable. CONCLUSIONS: The depth of early burn wound can be detected by using infrared thermography, which is an objective, fast, non-touching, and noninvasive method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Skin temperature during running--a study using infra-red colour thermography.

Infra-red colour thermography has been used to visualize skin temperatures in two athletes standing and running in an outdoor environment at 20 degrees C and in a climatic chamber at 11 degrees C. Temperature distributions and changes have been recorded on film and analysed. Mean skin temperatures determined by this method have been compared with skin temperatures obtained with a probe thermocouple. During running, skin temperatures were higher over muscles than over other structures and the distribution differed dramatically from that observed before exercise. Regional mean skin temperatures obtained by thermography differed by up to 4 degrees C from those obtained with the thermocouple probe. Overall mean skin temperatures obtained by both methods agreed to within 1-5 degrees C.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

After-exercise thermography for predicting postoperative deep vein thrombosis.

After-exercise thermography of the legs was carried out on 50 patients before undergoing major abdominal surgery (group 1) and on 59 patients before elective hip surgery (group 2). The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT)--diagnosed by the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test in group 1 and phlebography in group 2--was significantly higher in patients whose after-exercise thermogram (AET) had been abnormal. Out of 19 patients in group 1 and 30 in group 2 with a normal AET, two and nine repsectively developed postoperative DVT. Among patients with a unilaterally abnormal AET the incidences were 12 out of 19 patients in group 1 and five out of nine in group 2. The incidences among patients with a bilaterally abnormal AET rose to 11 out of 12 patients in group 1 and 15 out of 20 in group 2. Preoperative after-exercise thermography is a simple, objective test that identifies patients at high risk of developing postoperative thromboembolic disease.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1973

Thermography in diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis.

The possibility that subclinical increased heat of the limb may be an early and reliable sign in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis is being investigated using thermography. Of the 35 cases studied 17 have had early deep venous thrombosis confirmed on phlebography. Of these, 16 cases have been previously diagnosed using thermography.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1982

After-exercise thermography and prediction of deep vein thrombosis.

A total of 112 patients participated in a prospective study of after-exercise thermography as a screening method for predicting risk of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. The fibrinogen-uptake test was used to detect thrombosis after elective surgery. The incidence of the complication showed no significant difference between patients who had had positive and those who had had negative thermograms. Thermography does not seem to be useful for predicting risk of postoperative thrombosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1971

Comparison between thermography and fluorescein test in the detection of incompetent perforating veins.

Incompetent perforating veins of the legs were located by dynamic thermography at 69 sites and by the fluorescein test at 31. All the sites were explored by multiple local incisions. Incompetence of the veins was determined by demonstrating retrograde blood flow through these veins when severed. Explorations of these sites showed that thermography detected 94% and gave false-positive results in 6%, while the fluorescein test detected 16% and contributed 84% false-positive results. These findings show a highly significant difference (P <0.0005) in favour of the thermographic technique. Detection of 16% of incompetent perforating veins by the fluorescein test is statistically insignificant. This inaccuracy is thought to be due to inadequate dermal penetration of the ultraviolet rays. A positive fluorescein test probably indicates the presence of incompetent perforating veins but has little anatomical relationship to their actual site.

False Negative Reactions↗