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Results for “Subcutaneous Tissue”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Development of a new geometric bicycle saddle for the maintenance of genital-perineal vascular perfusion.

OBJECTIVE: To identify a bicycle saddle model for cyclists who cover long distances, to minimally reduce the compression on the structures of the pelvic floor, thereby protecting blood perfusion of the penis and avoiding possible consequences on penile erection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparison between a new geometric development of a bicycle saddle model (SMP) and one of the more frequently used models by professional cyclists was made. The measurement of the partial pressure of penile transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO(2)) in 29 healthy voluntary cyclists was recorded to investigate the differences of compression from two different saddles on the vascular structures of the perineum. The PtcO(2) was recorded at 3 and 10 minutes in conditions of static sitting. Then, the values of PtcO(2) were recorded for 15 minutes while the cyclists were in a 60-degree position and in stable hemodynamic conditions. RESULTS: A t-test was performed to measure the level of confidence. The clear superiority of the SMP saddle in preventing vascular compression of the perineal structures was demonstrated to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The experiment validated the effectiveness of the SMP saddle in limiting the compression on the pelvic floor. In addition, the SMP saddle introduces compatible seat dimensions that cyclists prefer to cover long distances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

T-cell lymphoma involving subcutaneous tissue. A clinicopathologic entity commonly associated with hemophagocytic syndrome.

Eight cases of T-cell lymphoma localized primarily to the subcutaneous adipose tissue are described, five of which were referred in consultation with a benign diagnosis having been made or suggested. All patients presented with 1-12-cm-diameter subcutaneous nodules, which preferentially involved the extremities in six individuals. Histologically, the lesions were reminiscent of panniculitis and were composed of a mixture of small and large atypical lymphoid cells (large cells predominated in four cases) infiltrating between adipocytes. Focally, sheets of tumor cells were found. Karyorrhexis, fat necrosis, and benign histiocytes were present in all cases. Involvement of small blood vessels was found in seven cases, but the infiltrates were not primarily angiocentric, and angiodestruction was minimal or absent. Immunophenotypic analysis (paraffin or frozen sections) in all cases showed that the atypical cells were of T-cell phenotype. Frozen-section studies demonstrated a mature T-cell phenotype with evidence of pan-T-cell antigen loss in two of five lesions. Genotypic analysis demonstrated a rearrangement of the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene in one (possibly two) biopsies of three cases studied. All patients had some evidence of hemophagocytosis during their clinical course. Six patients developed a florid hemophagocytic syndrome, fatal in five patients. Autopsies were done in all of the expired patients, and all had residual subcutaneous lymphoma and a hemophagocytic syndrome. Dissemination to nonsubcutaneous sites did not occur. Three patients are currently alive without evidence of lymphoma after aggressive chemotherapy (mean follow-up, 12 months). These results suggest that T-cell lymphomas that are primarily localized to the subcutaneous tissue may represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Initial biopsy findings may be misinterpreted as benign. A hemophagocytic syndrome commonly supervenes that may be secondary to lymphokine production by the malignant cells or related to the destruction of normal cells at subcutaneous sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Perimalleolar subcutaneous tissue pressure effects of elastic compression stockings.

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that the clinical benefit of elastic compression stockings (ECS) is at least in part due to an increase in subcutaneous pressure that may promote resorption of extracellular fluids, providing more efficient diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the microcirculation to the skin and subcutaneous tissues. METHODS: To test this hypothesis we designed and standardized a device for measuring subcutaneous pressure in patients. We then measured the supine perimalleolar subcutaneous pressure from a single limb in four groups: group 1 consisted of control subjects (n = 8); group 2 consisted of patients with varicose veins and superficial venous insufficiency without lipodermatosclerosis or edema (n = 5); group 3 consisted of patients with deep venous insufficiency and lipodermatosclerosis but without edema (n = 8); and group 4 consisted of patients with deep venous insufficiency, lipodermatosclerosis, and clinically evident edema (n = 8). Measurements were made at baseline and after application of 20 to 30 mm Hg and 30 to 40 mm Hg ECS. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the baseline subcutaneous pressure between the three groups without clinical edema (p > 0.05). Baseline perimalleolar pressure was elevated, however, in group 4 patients compared with groups 1, 2, and 3 (p < 0.05). All three groups with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) (groups 2, 3, 4) demonstrated increases in subcutaneous pressure with application of ECS, which was statistically significant in groups 3 and 4. There was no difference between the increase in perimalleolar subcutaneous pressure induced by 20 to 30 mm Hg or 30 to 40 mm Hg ECS in groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CVI and edema have significant elevations in supine resting perimalleolar subcutaneous pressure compared with control subjects and patients with CVI without edema. Twenty to 30 mm Hg and 30 to 40 mm Hg ECS increased measured perimalleolar subcutaneous pressure in patients with CVI with and without clinical edema but not in control patients. These results suggest the mechanism of benefit of ECS in patients with CVI is due at least in part to an increase in subcutaneous pressure that may act to promote more efficient absorption of perimalleolar extracellular fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Deuterium MR spectroscopy at 4.7 T. Quantification of tumour and subcutaneous tissue blood flow in animal models.

Deuterium MR spectroscopy was used for the determination of tissue blood flow (TBF). The tracer D2O was injected into the tissue of interest, and tracer washout was followed using a 4.7 T spectroscopy/imaging unit. Normal subcutaneous tissue in rats was studied, as well as tissue influenced by vasoactive agents (papaverine and adrenaline). The vasoactive agents introduced changes of 40% in TBF, compared with normal tissue. Normal tissue measurements were repeated using various D2O injection volumes (5-400 microliters). The injection volume 5 microliters gave TBF 11.7 +/- 2.0 ml/100 g.min (mean +/- 1 SD). This value was 40% higher than corresponding values observed at larger injection volumes (200-400 microliters). This injection volume effect is probably partly due to a capillary dilution caused by tracer administration, and partly related to the non-physiological deuterium signal decrease observed in dead rats. Blood flow measurements in human colon tumours implanted in nude mice showed a rather poor reproducibility, not improved by the use of a multiple site injection technique.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

[Cellular subcutaneous tissue. Anatomic observations].

INTRODUCTION: We showed in a companion paper that the definition of the French "subcutaneous cellular tissue" considerably varied from the 18th to the end of the 20th centuries and has not yet reached a consensus. To address the anatomic reality of this "subcutaneous cellular tissue", we investigated the anatomic structures underlying the fat tissue in normal human skin. METHODS: Sixty specimens were excised from the surface to the deep structures (bone, muscle, cartilage) on different body sites of 3 cadavers from the Institut d'Anatomie Normale de Strasbourg. Samples were paraffin-embedded, stained and analysed with a binocular microscope taking x 1 photographs. Specimens were also excised and fixed after subcutaneous injection of Indian ink, after mechanic tissue splitting and after performing artificial skin folds. RESULTS: The aspects of the deep parts of the skin greatly varied according to their anatomic localisation. Below the adipose tissue, we often found a lamellar fibrous layer which extended from the interlobular septa and contained horizontally distributed fat cells. No specific tissue below the hypodermis was observed. Artificial skin folds concerned either exclusively the dermis, when they were superficial or included the hypodermis, but no specific structure was apparent in the center of the fold. India ink diffused to the adipose tissue, mainly along the septa, but did not localise in a specific subcutaneous compartment. DISCUSSION: This study shows that the histologic aspects of the deep part of the skin depend mainly on the anatomic localisation. Skin is composed of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis and thus the hypodermis can not be considered as being "subcutaneous". A difficult to individualise, fibrous lamellar structure in continuity with the interlobular septa is often found under the fat lobules. This structure is a cleavage line, as is always the case with loose connective tissues, but belongs to the hypodermis (i.e. fat tissue). No specific tissue nor any virtual space was observed below the skin. Thus, the commonly used term "subcutaneous cellular tissue" is inappropriate.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

CD30-positive multilobated peripheral T-cell lymphoma primarily involving the subcutaneous tissue.

A 55-year-old woman presented with an inflammatory panniculitis-like plaque on her right thigh. Biopsy disclosed a subcutaneous infiltrate of multilobated T lymphocytes strongly expressing the CD30 antigen. A complete clinical remission was achieved with local radiation therapy, with no evidence of recurrence in 13 months of follow-up. To our knowledge, our patient is the first reported case of CD30-positive multilobated peripheral T-cell lymphoma primarily involving the subcutaneous tissue.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Delayed primary closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in abdominal surgery.

Infection-prone abdominal incisions in 143 patients were managed by delayed primary closure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall. The overall wound infection rate was 1.4% and the rate for 74 open, large bowel operations was 2.7%. These rates compare favourably with a rate of 3.1% for clean inguinal hernia repairs done by the same surgical team over the same period. Delayed primary closure, carried out on the ward 3 days after operation, was simple, easy and did not prolong hospital stay. Its use is recommended in closing all abdominal wounds associated with a special risk of infection.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

[A case of cystic lymphangioma grown in subcutaneous tissue of the pubis].

A 37-year-old man visited our hospital with the chief complaint of a painless mass in subcutaneous tissue of the pubis. We extirpated the localized cyst 2.5 x 4 cm in size. Histological diagnosis was cystic lymphangioma without malignant findings. We reviewed the literature on lymphangioma, a rare disease seldom seen in urological fields.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Repair of lower nasal defect with compound skin flap from forehead with trochlear artery and subcutaneous tissue pedicle].

This article reports the repair of lower nasal defect with forehead compound skin flap consisting of the trochlear artery and subcutaneous tissue pedicle in one stage in 11 patients. The repaired area ranged from 2 x 2 to 4 x 3 cm and the frontal bone area 1.5 x 1 cm. This operation had achieved good results, and the frontal bones were not absorbed, except 1 case, after 1 year follow-up. The methods of this flap design and operation were described. The merits, demerits and points for attention were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Anatomy of the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk and lower extremity.

Dissections on 8 fresh and 10 embalmed cadavers were used to determine the anatomy of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the trunk and extremities. These dissections, along with CT scans, confirmed Gray's original description of the subcutaneous tissue consisting of a superficial and deep adipose layer. The superficial adipose layer is contained within organized, compact fascial septa. The deep adipose layer demonstrated regional variations with respect to its fascial framework, but was contained within a relatively loose, less organized, and more widely spaced fascial septa. We observed that the adipose layers are partitioned by a discrete subcutaneous fascia which fuses with the underlying muscle fascia at particular anatomic locations. The deep layer is thus contained by the subcutaneous fascia above and the muscle fascia below to form what we termed the deep adipose compartments. The deep adipose compartments contributed significantly to overall adipose thickness, are bilateral, and are found in the abdomen and paralumbar and gluteal-thigh regions.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Transcapillary fluid balance in subcutaneous tissue of patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass with extracorporeal circulation.

Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma (COPpl) from a cubital vein and in interstitial fluid (COPif) in the subcutaneous tissue at heart level, and interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) at the same level, were measured in 18 healthy subjects and in 28 patients requiring aortocoronary bypass. Interstitial fluid was collected via subcutaneously implanted double nylon wicks and Pif was measured with the 'wick-in-needle' technique. Measurements were made preoperatively and 1 1/2 to 8 hours (mean 4 hours) after termination of extracorporeal circulation. Pif rose to 2.3 mmHg above the pre-bypass level. COPpl concomitantly fell from 22.2 to 14.4 and COPif from 12.4 to 10.1 mmHg. These changes were statistically significant. Although the relatively large COPpl drop resulted in a net rise of 3.2 mmHg in filtration pressure, the incidence of pulmonary complications was low and no subcutaneous edema was discernible. The fall in COPif and rise in Pif may be regarded as important edema-preventing mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A glucose monitoring system for on line estimation in man of blood glucose concentration using a miniaturized glucose sensor implanted in the subcutaneous tissue and a wearable control unit.

We have developed a miniaturized glucose sensor which has been shown previously to function adequately when implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats and dogs. Following a glucose load, the sensor output increases, making it possible to calculate a sensitivity coefficient to glucose in vivo, and an extrapolated background current in the absence of glucose. These parameters are used for estimating at any time the apparent subcutaneous glucose concentration from the current. In the previous studies, this calibration was performed a posteriori, on the basis of the retrospective analysis of the changes in blood glucose and in the current generated by the sensor. However, for clinical application of the system, an on line estimation of glucose concentration would be necessary. Thus, this study was undertaken in order to assess the possibility of calibrating the sensor in real time, using a novel calibration procedure and a monitoring unit which was specifically designed for this purpose. This electronic device is able to measure, to filter and to store the current. During an oral glucose challenge, when a stable current is reached, it is possible to feed the unit with two different values of blood glucose and their corresponding times. The unit calculates the in vivo parameters, transforms every single value of current into an estimation of the glucose concentration, and then displays this estimation. In this study, 11 sensors were investigated of which two did not respond to glucose. In the other nine trials, the volunteers were asked to record every 30 s what appeared on the display during the secondary decrease in blood glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Impaired autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue of long-term type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microangiopathy: an index of arteriolar dysfunction.

Autoregulation of blood flow in subcutaneous tissue was studied at the level of the lateral malleolus in eight long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with clinical microangiopathy, eight short-term Type 1 diabetic patients without clinical microangiopathy and seven healthy control subjects. Blood flow was measured by the local 133Xenon washout technique. Mean arterial blood pressure was reduced by a maximum of 23 mmHg by elevating the limb above heart level and elevating to a maximum of 70 mmHg by head-up tilt; in the latter position venous pressure was kept constant and low by activation of the leg muscle vein pump (heel raising). Mean arterial blood pressure was thus varied between 60 and 160 mmHg. In normal and short-term diabetic subjects blood flow remained within 10% of control values during the changes in arterial blood pressure. In six of the eight Type 1 diabetic patients with clinical microangiopathy, autoregulation of blood flow was impaired, blood flow changing approximately 20% per 10 mmHg change in arterial blood pressure; the slope of the autoregulation curves was significantly higher compared with the two control groups (p less than 0.02). Resting mean arterial blood pressure was significantly elevated in long-term diabetic patients (median: 107 mmHg) compared with short-term diabetic (median: 85 mmHg) and control subjects (median: 91 mmHg) (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Impaired autoregulation of blood flow in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue in long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microangiopathy.

Autoregulation of blood flow was studied in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue in seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (median age: 36 years) with nephropathy and retinopathy and in eight normal subjects of the same age. Blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe washout technique. Reduction in arterial perfusion pressure was produced by elevating the limb 20 and 40 cm above heart level. Blood flow remained within 10% of control values when the limb was elevated in normal subjects. In five of the seven diabetic subjects blood flow fell significantly in both tissues when the limb was elevated 40 cm indicating impaired autoregulation. The results suggest that intrinsic vascular (arteriolar) mechanisms (myogenic and/or metabolic) underlying the normal autoregulatory response are defective in some diabetic patients with microangiopathy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the subcutaneous tissue expander for delayed primary closure of flaps.

Two cases of deforming, painful scars on the dorsum of the foot are presented. Simple excision and primary closure of these wounds was not possible. Subcutaneous tissue expanders were implanted proximal to the scar and inflated gradually. Once adequate expansion was obtained, the expanders were removed, and scars excised. Closure was obtained by a pedicle and rotational advancement flap, without stress on the skin over the defect. A discussion of the indications, techniques, and pitfalls of tissue expansion is provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Metabolism of chrysene, 5-methylchrysene, 6-methylchrysene and 5,6-dimethylchrysene in rat liver cytosol, in vitro, and in rat subcutaneous tissue, in vivo.

The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon chrysene undergoes a bioalkylation substitution reaction in vitro, in rat liver cytosol preparations, and in vivo, in rat dorsal subcutaneous tissue to yield 6-methylchrysene as a metabolite. In addition, both 5-methyl- and 6-methylchrysene were found to undergo a dealkylation reaction in these tissues to yield chrysene as well as both a biooxidation reaction to yield the corresponding hydroxyalkyl substituted chrysene and a bioalkylation reaction to give a dimethyl substituted chrysene. 5-Methylchrysene enzymatically cyclized to the 4,5-methylenechrysene derivative, an analog of benzo[a]pyrene in these tissues. 5,6-Dimethylchrysene was metabolized to monomethyl chrysenes, chrysene, and the hydroxyalkyl substituted chrysenes. The results suggest that chemical or biochemical substitution of a methyl group at the center of highest biochemical reactivity may be a necessary step in the metabolic activation and carcinogenicity of these compounds and their methylene bridged metabolites.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1971

Scleroderma and the subcutaneous tissue.

Our study revealed that as observed with both light and electron microscopy the most specific abnormality in sclerodermna skin is the replacement of the subcutaneous tissue by markedly abnormal connective tissue.

Adult↗