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Results for “Social Values”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anorexia nervosa - a familial socialization deficit].

This study is based on the hypothesis that there is a connexion between the condition of Anorexia nervosa and factors of family socialization. The empirical examination of this assumption was carried out using the hospital records of 51 female patients treated for Anorexia nervosa in the Psychiatric University Hospital Göttingen from the period of 1967 to 1973. The family structure was investigated under the following context: 1) family constellation, 2) socioeconomic factors, 3) interactional patterns. At first sight these families have a normally disturbuted family constellation, a stable and accepted social status together with traditional social values. However, disturbed parental and matrimonial relationships in fluence the family attitudes in such a way as to enhance these behavior patterns associated with high performance and pseudo-solidarity. This complex family structure effects the anorexic patients such that--in an interactional view--an inbalance of ego identity arises and a adolescence crisis occurs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Understanding the experience of being taught by peers: the value of social and cognitive congruence.

BACKGROUND: Medical schools use supplemental peer-teaching programs even though there is little research on students' actual experiences with this form of instruction. PURPOSE: To understand the student experience of being taught by peers instead of by faculty. METHODS: We conducted focus groups with first- and second-year medical students participating in a supplemental peer-teaching program at one institution. From the learner focus group themes, we developed a questionnaire and surveyed all first-year students. RESULTS: Focus groups revealed four learner themes: learning from near-peers, exposure to second-year students, need for review and synthesis, teaching modalities and for the peer-teachers, the theme of benefits for the teacher. Factor analysis of the survey responses resulted in three factors: second-year students as teachers, the benefit of peer-teachers instead of faculty, and the peer-teaching process. Scores on these factors correlated with attendance in the peer-teaching program (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Students valued learning from near-peers because of their recent experience with the materials and their ability to understand the students' struggles in medical school. Students with the highest participation in the program valued the unique aspects of this kind of teaching most. Areas for improvement for this program were identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Human values and marijuana use.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between prioritized rankings of human values among persons who either use or do not use marijuana. Discriminant analyses indicated that personal values are more important to marijuana users, while social values are more important to nonusers. Based upon the present study and previous research, the existence of a value orientation predisposing some individuals toward substance experimentation and use is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Assessing occupational stress in psychiatric nurses using the full job strain model: the value of social support to nurses.

The present research examined the effects of occupational stress in psychiatric nursing on employee well-being using the full Job Strain Model. The Job Strain Model was assessed for its ability to predict employee well-being in terms of job satisfaction and mental health. The original Job Strain Model was expanded to include social support based on previous research concerning the impact of social support on well-being. In the present study, both work support and non-work were assessed for their contribution to well-being. The results of this study indicate that the full Job Strain Model can be used to significantly predict job satisfaction and mental health in this sample of Australian psychiatric nurses. Furthermore, social support was shown to be an important component of the Job Strain Model.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Equating the social desirability of Bem Sex-Role Inventory masculinity and femininity subscales.

Two experiments investigated the social desirability of Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) items. Mean social desirability of the masculinity subscale was significantly higher than that of the femininity subscale in both experiments. A revision of the BSRI femininity subscale was suggested which replaced three items of questionable social value with three more socially desirable items and virtually eliminated the social desirability difference between masculinity and femininity subscales.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Medical, social, economic value of the rational use of non-invasive studies for diagnosing phlebitis. Experience of the Regional Hospital Center of Nimes from 1984 to 1988].

Continuous wave Doppler, and B-Mode ultrasound allow the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis with a 96% sensitivity, and a 98% specificity versus venography (1). Therefore, these methods can be extensively used for the detection of deep venous thrombosis, following a new diagnostic algorithm: X ray venography is used only for the assessment of topographic extent of iliac and caval thrombosis, and when non invasive methods give equivocal results. As a result, the number of X ray venographies significantly decreased since 1984 (7) in Nîmes University Hospital. About 75% of patients with a deep venous thrombosis (diagnosed by non invasive methods) were treated without necessity of X ray venography.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Community social alarm network in Slovenia.

The article deals with a case report on the technology transfer of the Lifeline community social alarm system to Slovenia. The main reason the project was initiated is the ageing of the Slovenian population (11% of the population is 65 or over). With this system we intend to support the public's wish to allow the elderly to remain in their own homes for as long as possible instead of placing them in institutional care. Between 1992 and 1995 the following results were achieved: the acceptability of the system in the social environment was increased; a pilot control centre in Ljubljana was established and has been operational for two-and-a-half years; a national dissemination plan was prepared; the integration of the programme into other information systems has been started. One of the main conclusions is that for the successful transfer of a technology which also affects social values in society, a social innovation must support the process.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A diabetes-specific measure of patient desire to participate in medical decision making.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to develop a diabetes-specific scale of patient desire to participate in medical decision making (DPMD) and examine its internal consistency reliability, stability, and validity (content, discriminant, convergent, and construct). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 65 patients with type 2 diabetes from a teaching hospital's general medical clinic were interviewed at baseline and 2 weeks later to measure their DPMD scores. Data were collected on demographic/clinical features, health value, social support, desire to make a final decision, and value of patient autonomy. RESULTS: Of the 11 DPMD items, 2 distinct factors emerged representing desire for discussion and desire for information. The DPMD scale had high internal consistency reliability, was stable over 2 weeks and demonstrated good content validity. DPMD scale items were more correlated with each other than with health value or social support. Overall, patients who obtained diabetes education reported greater desire to participate in decisions. Younger patients had a greater overall desire for discussion. The DPMD desire for discussion subscale correlated with patients' desire to make the final treatment decision but not with patients' value of autonomy. CONCLUSIONS: The DPMD is a brief, reliable, valid measure for assessing patient desire to participate in diabetes medical decision making.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The development of reasoning about the teaching of values in school and family contexts.

This study investigated children's, adolescents', and young adults' reasoning about the teaching of a variety of values in the school and family contexts. One-hundred and sixty participants in four age groups (8-, 10-, and 13-year-olds, and college students) evaluated acts involving the teaching of values and laws that regulate the teaching of these values. Both the valence (positive or negative) of values and the context in which they were presented (school, family) were systematically varied. Results showed that a variety of factors were considered in evaluating the teaching of values, including context, the valence of the value, and the type of value being taught. Participants' reasoning about values education was found to be multifaceted and included distinctions between moral values that reflect justice and rights, and values that reflect other forms of personality traits and social values. The findings suggest that conceptions of values education may be better understood within models of social reasoning that draw distinctions between types of values (e.g., moral and other values) and account for the increasing capacity to differentiate social contexts and spheres of legitimate governmental regulation with development.

Adolescent↗