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Results for “Social Development”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Social development of twins.

This project sought to examine 2 competing hypotheses: first, that twins are likely to be more prosocial by virtue of growing up with another same-age peer in the home, or second, that they are less prosocial because they have become more comfortable interacting with a same-age peer who is both genetically and environmentally similar to themselves and therefore they are less comfortable with other children who are dissimilar. Two studies were conducted to compare twins to singletons on measures of prosocial and aggressive behaviors. In Study 1, 5-year-olds (N = 91 twins and N = 152 singletons) engaged in a peer play situation with an unfamiliar, same-age, same-sex peer, and they were rated on items assessing prosocial and aggressive behaviors. Results showed that twins were less prosocial but not more aggressive than were singletons. In Study 2, which was a supplemented follow-up study of twins in Study 1, 10- to 15-year-old twins (N = 98) and singletons (N = 84) were rated by their parents on prosocial and aggressive behaviors. No significant differences were found between the groups on prosocial behavior, but twins were rated as more aggressive than singletons. Thus, in early childhood twins appear to exhibit fewer prosocial behaviors with unfamiliar peers, but this prosocial deficit was not aligned with parent-reported prosocial behaviors in adolescence. In adolescence, twins were rated by parents as more aggressive. These studies suggest that twins may be at risk for poorer social interactions in early and middle childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Economic development, social policies, and population].

Using data for Latin America, "this paper analyses the [potential] of using social policies in connection with policies to affect demographic behaviour.... It shows that there is a coincidence between the interests of the countries, as expressed by the national governments, and the demographic wishes of couples.... It shows that to a certain extent, it is possible to...[implement] social and population policies that are relatively independent from the economic situation. The document also discusses the role of social scientists...[and central and local governments] in the elaboration and execution of policies in general, and socio-demographic polices in particular...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Behavior↗
PubMed1990

[Oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia with abnormal social development].

Report of a 17-year-old boy with oculo-auricolo-vertebral dysplasia. He exhibited microphthalmos on the left and auricular deformity at hemifacial microsomia, scoliosis, dysraphia and other malformations of vertebras and ribs further other minor anomalies of face and hands. The disfiguring microphthalmia with ptosis was an essential cause of a social maldevelopment with temporary important aggressivity. Patients with oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia should be examined for associating cardial and renal dysplasias and cases of psychosocial disorders treated psychotherapeutically in time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Effects of prenatal dexamethasone treatment on postnatal physical, endocrine, and social development in the common marmoset monkey.

The prophylactic treatment of diagnosed preterm delivery with synthetic glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (DEX), is commonplace. Long-term effects of such treatment are not well understood. In the present study, we exposed pregnant common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), small-bodied monkeys that are therefore advantageous for long-term primate studies, to daily repeated DEX (5 mg/kg orally) either during early (d 42-48) or late (d 90-96) pregnancy (gestation period of 144 d). Relative to control, we investigated DEX effects in terms of maternal endocrinology (plasma cortisol and estrogen titers) and offspring physical growth, plasma and urinary ACTH and cortisol titers, and social and maintenance behaviors from birth to weaning. Both DEX treatments resulted in markedly reduced maternal plasma cortisol titers during treatment and reduced estimated gestation period. Both treatments were without effects on neonate morphometric measurements and basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Early DEX treatment resulted in increased infant body weight at postnatal d 56 and 84, co-occurring at the behavioral level with increased time spent in eating solid food, a mobile state, solitary play, and exhibiting tail hair piloerection. The constellation of physical and behavioral effects of early DEX suggests interesting parallels with the human metabolic syndrome, providing primate support that the latter is causally associated with the fetal environment, including prenatal programming. This novel primate in vivo evidence for postnatal effects of prenatal synthetic glucocorticoid exposure indicates the importance of improved understanding of this acute clinical treatment in terms of its long-term effects on offspring well-being.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Critical period in the social development of dogs.

Litters of puppies were isolated, with the bitch, in fenced acre fields from 2 to 14 weeks of age. They were removed indoors at different ages, played with for a week, and returned to the field. The pups manifested an increasing tendency to withdraw from human beings after 5 weeks of age and unless socialization occurred before 14 weeks of age, withdrawal reactions from humans became so intense that normal relationships could not thereafter be established

Animals↗