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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

An assessment of the Alabama Smile Keeper school dental health education program.

An evaluation of the Alabama Smile Keeper Dental Health Education Program was necessary to determine if educating teachers to teach preventive dentistry improved the oral hygiene and knowledge of dental health of elementary schoolchildren. Four hundred seventy-five students at the Maxwell Air Force Base elementary school in grades 1 through 6 were tested using a series of written examinations and scores from a plaque index (Greene's OHI-S Index) before and after the education program. Levels of plaque were significantly reduced immediately after instruction and retention test scores were significantly lower four months later than preinstruction test scores. Written examinations proved that knowledge increased immediately after instruction and retention test scores were significantly better than preinstruction test scores.

Alabama↗
PubMed1997

Special Olympics, special smiles: assessing the feasibility of epidemiologic data collection.

No comprehensive national study has ever been completed on the oral health status of people with disabilities, their patterns of use of oral health services and access-to-care barriers. The authors describe the Special Olympics, Special Smiles program, conducted as part of the New Jersey Summer Special Olympics Games, and assess a pilot-tested model for collecting epidemiologic data. The results of this initial data collection are also compared with the goals of the U.S. Public Health Service, as outlined in the Healthy People 2000 publication.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Smiling faces and other rewards: using the Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) with unique populations.

Concern about the exposure of children and adolescents to occupational and environmental hazards has increased, and so has the need to develop testing methods that can adequately assess the effects of exposure in children. A computerized testing system, the Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS), was successfully modified to test both younger populations and populations which do not speak English, the original language of the battery. These adaptations were modifications of the existing features of the BARS system which was designed to assess the broadest possible audience: simple language instructions broken down into basic concepts (step-by-step training with competency testing at each instruction step); a token dispenser along with a "smiling face" stimulus that reinforced appropriate performance; and adjustable parameter settings (e.g., number of trials, difficulty). Data from four groups demonstrate the feasibility of using BARS with children as young as preschool age and for non-English speaking children.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Integrated management of the Upper Mersey river basin using the SMILE object-oriented software system.

This paper presents the application of the object-oriented framework SMILE to the management of flows and water quality in the Upper Mersey river catchment. The design river flows are those exceeded for 95% of the time, and are estimated applying alternative methods. The influence of compensation reservoirs, surface-water abstractions, and continuous discharges on low river flows is quantified. The annual licensed abstraction volumes are further reviewed. The monitored river water quality is classified using the River Ecosystem scheme. The compliance of the sewage treatment works and trade effluents with their discharge-consent limits is also assessed. The impact of effluents on the variation of river water quality is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations at the discharge points. The points where the downstream water quality fails to comply with proposed River Quality Objectives are identified. The consent limits of the corresponding discharges are assessed, and changes to the BOD and total ammonia limits are suggested.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2002

[Pre-surgical orthodontic treatment of skeletal class II patients with gingival smile corrected by anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment of skeletal class II patients with gingiva smile corrected by AMSO. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical features of 20 skeletal class II patients treated by AMSO combined with Orthodontic treatment and evaluated the effects of AMSO by means of cephalometric analysis. RESULTS: After the AMSO treatment, ANB angle, the height of anterior maxilla, the protrusion of the upper anterior teeth, and the of A point had reduced significantly (P < 0.05). After AMSO, the appearance of patients had been improved markedly. CONCLUSIONS: AMSO can correct the protrusion of the maxilla and gingival smie efficiently. The anchorage of molars should be controlled carefully. The anterior part of the upper arch should be expended orthodontically to make arch relationship. Extract the upper bicuspid half a year before the surgery was recommended. When necessary, genioplasty could be performed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Buckle-up and smile for life: uncommon partners find common ground to collaborate and eliminate disparities. Part 1.

Disparities in health and lack of access to oral health are well-documented common concerns. Health education and health promotion increase awareness about the importance of prevention and the relationship of oral health to overall health. The benefits of collaboration and coalition building to enhance community outreach are well established. In order to combat and correct the problems of disparities and access, many more collaborative efforts must be put in place. Meaningful impact on the health of a community can be made by collaborations of both traditional and non-traditional partners. Grassroots efforts that mobilize coalitions around a specific cause and target specific populations can achieve far greater results than any one entity acting alone. Well-coordinated community projects that represent a collaboration of efforts can galvanize the resources, mobilize volunteers and engender public support that will achieve a positive outcome for a common good. The integration of oral health messages with other public health messages and partnership with a very non-traditional entity was an approach that was adopted by the National Dental Association (NDA). This paper describes the unique partnership between the NDA and the Department of Transportation-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ([DOT-NHTSA], the funding agency) and the development and launch of a pilot program: "Buckle-Up and Smile for Life". Sections of the paper include: background information on the problems of disparity and access; the impact of community education and the benefits of collaboration; evolution of the unique partnership, including background information on disparities in seat belt usage among African Americans; a description on how the pilot program was structured and implemented; and future plans. The objective of this article is to encourage other oral health organizations to form alliances with the NDA (and other organizations committed to public health) to go into underserved communities to deliver the oral health message. Involvement and participation on all levels, with diverse and non-traditional partners will make a difference. The National Dental Association applauds the commitment of the American Dental Assistants Association to form alliances that address the issues of access and disparities. Groups working together for a common good are linked together by one common notion: Caring Counts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A thousand smiles.

Thousand Smiles is a multidisciplinary team that has been providing cleft palate and related care in Ensenada, Mexico, for twenty-one years. This is the story of how the program began with the personal involvement of a few individuals and support from Rotary International, the structure of the care teams, and the lessons learned in conducting an international mission program. It is also the story of lives changed-patients and care givers alike.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Professional nursing and Operation Smile International.

Operation Smile International (OSI) has a commitment to make a difference in the quality of life for people in third world countries by performing reconstructive surgeries on patients with birth defects and other deformities. Faculty members from the Hampton University School of Nursing and a graduate student were volunteers on two African medical missions. This article focuses on two of these faculty members as they provided nursing care services during reconstructive surgeries in Monrovia, Liberia and as they conducted lecture series, surveys, a research study and a day-long scientific symposium. Additionally, a model for human resource development was established in Monrovia, in conjunction with OSI, to upgrade the level of nursing education for Liberian.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2006

Survey of the patients with cleft lip and palate in China who were funded for surgery by the Smile Train Program from 2000 to 2002.

BACKGROUND: Cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are two of the most frequent congenital malformations. Many epidemiologic studies on this deformity have been conducted worldwide, often producing inconsistent results. This study assessed epidemiology and some genetic aspects of cleft lip and palate in a Chinese sample from the Smile Train Program and to compare with other methodologically sound surveys. METHODS: The general information, family history, classification of cleft and associated malformations of 8000 CL and CP surgery patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 8000 cases, 7812 had complete data. The distribution of cleft types is 17.04% with CP, 23.39% with CL and 59.58% with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Unilateral clefts were more common than bilateral, with unilateral to bilateral ratios being 10.4:1 for CL, and 3.42:1 for CLP. The overall male:female ratio was 2.01:1. Left sided defects were more common than right sided regardless of sex, 1.90:1 for CL and 1.96:1 for CLP. CLP and CL were more common in males than in females with sex ratios (SR) of 2.88:1 and 1.85:1 respectively, whereas CP was more common in females with SR of 0.76:1. Associated malformations (2.89%), involved 29 CP cases, 41 CL and 156 CLP. The frequency of associated malformations in CLP (3.35%) was higher than CL (2.24%) and CP (2.22%) (P < 0.05). Patients with CP or CLP were born less often in the winter than in the summer (P < 0.05). A history of family members having clefts occurred in 6.84% of patients. The proportion of CLP cases (7.56%) was significantly higher than that of CL cases (5.64%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The different types of clefts appeared in the highest proportion in CLP and lowest proportion in CP. Males are more common with CL and CLP and less common with CP. These characteristics are the same as those of other Chinese surveys but different from some European reports.

China↗
PubMed1993

To change a smile: fabrication of a removable obturator.

This article is a print version of To Change a Smile: Fabrication of a Removable Obturator, which won first place in the individual category of the 1992 WOK video competition. This photo essay is an adaptation from video.

Child↗
PubMed1996

[An unbiased study of the perception of smile and sadness by analysing the integration of emotions].

This article describes a simple and easy-using clinical tool for investigating the visual perception of emotions. The method was validated with healthy persons. On the one hand, the results confirm and sharpen the data of the literature. On the other hand, they enable a precise quantification of the results. Nevertheless, only the perception of the smile and sadness has been studied. Therefore, the extension and validation of this tool to other fundamental emotions is requested. This will enable a simple and easy clinical investigation of troubles of the visual recognition of emotions. On the one hand, for many neurological pathologies: strokes, neurologic disease. On the other hand for psychiatric pathologies: Korsakoff's syndrome, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, other dementias and as on.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Phacotrabeculectomy with "smile" incision, punch, and single releasable suture.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe and prospectively evaluate a technique of phacotrabeculectomy consisting of a "smile" wound, corneal punch, and tight closure of the scleral flap with a single releasable suture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 25 patients underwent this procedure performed by a single surgeon. The surgical technique is described and the first year of follow-up is evaluated. RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 25.4 mm Hg preoperatively and 16.2 mm Hg at a mean follow-up of 10.2 months (a fall of 36%). Incidence of immediate postoperative complications was low, especially those related to hypotony (wound leak, shallow anterior chamber, fibrinous uveitis). There was a 50% incidence of postoperative IOP spikes of greater than 26 mm Hg. Three cases were deemed partial failures at 1 year (IOP < 21 mm Hg on medical treatment), and three cases were complete failures (IOP > 21 mm Hg or further surgery required). CONCLUSION: The tight scleral flap and routine release of the releasable suture on the third postoperative day reduce immediate postoperative complications compared with other studies, with the exception of IOP spikes. The lack of aqueous flow in the immediate postoperative phase may be a factor in the failure rate, which is higher than expected.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Dental mutilation in southern African history and prehistory with special reference to the "Cape Flats Smile".

Southern Africa has a long history of dental mutilation in the form of dental chipping and of intentional removal of anterior teeth. The first evidence is found in the skeletons of Early Iron Age populations (ca. 1500 years before present), but the incidence decreases in archaeological sites of more recent origin. In modern times, dental mutilation appears to have been limited to the people of the countries further north in Africa, but the one exception is the presence of deliberate incisor removal amongst the communities of the Western Cape. It is hypothesised in this paper that the modern practice in the Cape is associated with youthful gangs in the poorer communities, and acts as part of a rite of passage into adulthood. The "socio-sexual" theory, as reflected in such names as the "passion gap", is shown to be both wrong and insulting. The name "Cape Flats Smile" is recommended as a more appropriate and respectful term for the phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

A real reason for patients with pseudobulbar affect to smile.

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a dramatic disorder of emotional expression and regulation characterized by uncontrollable episodes of laughing and crying that often cause embarrassment, curtailment of social activities, and reduction in quality of life. The disorder occurs in patients with brain injury caused by many types of neurological disease, including stroke, tumors, and neurodegenerative gray and white matter disorders. Although the pathophysiology is unknown, PBA may relate to release of brainstem emotional control centers from regulation by the frontal lobes. Diagnosis of PBA can be difficult and relies on careful characterization of episodes and differentiation from depression. Although there are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for PBA, several agents have been shown to be effective, including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and a new agent containing dextromethorphan and quinidine. The growing number of treatment options, some of great benefit to patients, highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis of this disorder.

Affective Symptoms↗