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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Exposure to metal compounds in occupational galvanic processes].

BACKGROUND: Occupational galvanic processes are provided in more than 600 small and medium enterprises in Poland. Workers who deal with galvanic coating are exposed to heavy metal compounds: tin, silver, copper and zinc. Some of them are carcinogenic, for example, hexavalent chromium compounds, nickel and cadmium compounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Research covered several tens of workstations involved in chrome, nickel, zinc, tin, silver, copper and cadmium plating. Compounds of metals present in the air were determined: Cr, Ni, Cd, Sn, Ag--by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET-AAS) and Zn--by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomization (F-AAS). RESULTS: The biggest metal concentrations--of silver and copper--were found at workstations of copper, brass, cadmium, nickel and chrome plating, conducted at the same time. Significant concentrations of copper were found at workstations of maintenance bathing and neutralizing of sewage. The concentrations of metals did not exceed Polish MAC values. MAC values were not exceeded for carcinogenic chromium(VI), nickel or cadmium, either. CONCLUSIONS: In galvanic processes there was no hazard related to single metals or their compounds, even carcinogenic ones. Combined exposure indicators for metals at each workstation did not exceed 1, either. However, if there are even small quantities of carcinogenic agents, health results should always be taken into consideration.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New medical pH probes for the examination of the gastrointestinal system].

The paper deals with pH-probes with mercurius chloride versus silver chloride electrodes for intragastric pH-metry. Present-day oral, transnasal, and endoscopic pH-probes with reusable epicutaneous silver chloride electrode have been designed and introduced into medical practice.

Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System↗
PubMed1993

Adhesiveness of glass ionomer cement containing tannin-fluoride preparation (HY agent) to dentin--an evaluation of adding various ratios of HY agent and combination with application diammine silver fluoride.

We bonded a glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing various amounts of incorporated tannin-fluoride preparation (HY agent) to bovine dentin and investigated the effect of the ratio of incorporated preparations and the changes in bond strength over time. HY agent was incorporated into the powder at 0% (HY0), 1.5% (HY1.5), 5.0% (HY5), and 10.0% (HY10) by weight. The shear bond strength and percent of the cohesive failure were measured. Similar tests were performed on samples where diammine silver fluoride was applied to the dentin prior to placing the cement. It was found that the bond strength on the first day was increased by incorporating 1.5% of the HY agent in the GIC. The combined use of diammine silver fluoride increased the bond strength of the GIC.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1997

Ag(I)-N bond-containing compound showing wide spectra in effective antimicrobial activities: polymeric silver(I) imidazolate.

A neutral, Ag(I)-N bonding compound, polymeric silver(I)-imidazolate [Ag(imd)]n (1) consisting of Ag+: imd = 1:1 (Himd = imidazole, C3H4N2), showed wide spectra in effective antimicrobial activities against bacteria, yeast and mold. Of particular note are the activities against a wide range of mold. This polymeric solid does not crystallize and is sparingly soluble in all solvents. The monomeric, cationic, water-soluble Ag(I)-N bonding complex, [Ag(Himd)2](NO3) (2), has also shown wide spectra of effective antimicrobial activities. These activities observed here were significantly different from those of the recently prepared oligomeric Ag(I)-S bonding complexes; the latter have shown narrow spectra. It is proposed that the Ag(I)-N bonding is one of the key factors showing the wide spectra of antimicrobial activities and the potential targets for inhibition of bacteria and yeast by these Ag(I) complexes are proteins, but not nucleic acids. The physico-chemical properties of (1), in comparison with those of (2), with various measurements (FT-IR, Laser Raman scattering spectroscopy, ESCA and solid 13C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies) are described.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Pulpal response to diammine silver fluoride. (2). Application on exposed pulps].

A histopathological study was attempted to investigate the pulpal response to diammine silver fluoride which was applied on the exposed pulps. Cavity preparation was performed on healthy permanent teeth on mongrel dogs with an air water spray in order to expose the pulp tissue on the small area of the cavity floors. In the experimental group (28 teeth), 0.01 ml 38% diammine silver fluoride solution was applied on the cavity floors and the exposed pulps for 3 minutes after cavity preparation. In the control group (27 teeth), nothing was applied on the cavity floors and the exposed pulps. All the cavities of these groups were left open to the oral environment without any restoration. The specimens were processed for histopathological evaluation at 3, 7 and 30 days. The teeth were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in celloidin, serially sectioned through the pulp and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The following observations were obtained. 1. After 3 days, both of the 2 groups showed such severe histopathological changes as necrosis, suppurative inflammation, round cell infiltration, bleeding and hyperemia of pulps with high percentages (77.8%-100%). 2. After 7 days, both of the 2 groups showed partial-necrosis, suppurative inflammation, round cell infiltration, bleeding and hyperemia of pulps with high percentages (63.6%-100%). 3. After 30 days, the percentages of suppurative inflammation and round cell infiltration decreased, though the percentages of complete-necrosis of pulps increased in both of the 2 groups. 4. After 30 days, cicatrization of pulps and apposition of dentin on the pulp chamber wall were observed in each of 2 teeth (25%) in the experimental group, and in each of 2 teeth (16.7%) in the control group. 5. In the 2 groups, all of the teeth except one 30-day specimen in the experimental group and one 7-day specimen in the control group, which were histopathologically evaluated as fairly success, were histopathologically evaluated as failure. 6. Application of 38% diammine silver fluoride solution did not show any protective efficacy to exposed dental pulps.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

High-precision determination of 18O/16O ratios of silver phosphate by EA-pyrolysis-IRMS continuous flow technique.

A high-precision, and rapid on-line method for oxygen isotope analysis of silver phosphate is presented. The technique uses high-temperature elemental analyzer (EA)-pyrolysis interfaced in continuous flow (CF) mode to an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Calibration curves were generated by synthesizing silver phosphate with a 13 per thousand spread in delta(18)O values. Calibration materials were obtained by reacting dissolved potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH(2)PO(4)) with water samples of various oxygen isotope compositions at 373 K. Validity of the method was tested by comparing the on-line results with those obtained by classical off-line sample preparation and dual inlet isotope measurement. In addition, silver phosphate precipitates were prepared from a collection of biogenic apatites with known delta(18)O values ranging from 12.8 to 29.9 per thousand (V-SMOW). Reproducibility of +/- 0.2 per thousand was obtained by the EA-Py-CF-IRMS method for sample sizes in the range 400-500 microg. Both natural and synthetic samples are remarkably well correlated with conventional (18)O/(16)O determinations. Silver phosphate is a very stable material and easy to degas and, thus, could be considered as a good candidate to become a reference material for the determination of (18)O/(16)O ratios of phosphate by high-temperature pyrolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Abnormally high fluoride levels in commercial preparations of 40 per cent silver fluoride solution: contraindications for use in children.

Although a 40 per cent solution of silver fluoride would be expected to contain 6 per cent fluoride (60,000 ppm), F-levels of 100,000 ppm and 120,000 ppm were found in 14 commercial samples analysed at The University of Western Australia in 1993 and 1994. To determine whether F-levels in 40 per cent AgF preparations have remained high, the present investigation was aimed at analysing different batches of commercial preparations obtained more recently. Fluoride ion analysis was carried out on 24 AgF samples using the Ion-Selective Electrode technique. Independent analyses of the same samples were carried out by a private chemical testing laboratory (Genalysis). Ten samples supplied by Agson Chemical Export were found to contain between 75,000 and 100,000 ppm F-: Genalysis reported 80,000 to 120,000 ppm. Fourteen samples supplied by Southern Dental Industries were found to contain between 70,000 and 120,000 ppm F-; Genalysis reported 88,000 to 108,000 ppm F-. These results confirm significantly higher than expected F-levels (ANOVA p < 0.05) in commercial preparations of 40 per cent AgF. The solutions tested were found to contain a mixture of ammonium fluoride, sodium or potassium fluoride, and silver fluoride. The additional presence of silver difluoride and hydrofluoric acid resulting from the manufacturing process has been suggested as an explanation for the much higher than expected levels of fluoride ion. In view of possible toxicity of 40 per cent AgF in young children, it is concluded that such a highly concentrated solution should not be used clinically; instead, lower strength AgF solutions should be investigated for their efficacy in caries treatment.

Ammonium Compounds↗
PubMed2001

A community-based caries control program for pre-school children using topical fluorides: 18-month results.

Dental caries in Chinese pre-school children is common, and restorative treatment is not readily available. This prospective controlled clinical trial investigated the effectiveness of topical fluoride applications in arresting dentin caries. We divided 375 children (aged 3-5 yrs) with carious upper anterior teeth into five groups. Children in the first and second groups received annual applications of silver diamine fluoride solution (44,800 ppm F). NaF varnish (22,600 ppm F) was applied every three months onto the lesions of children in the third and fourth groups. For children in the first and third groups, soft carious tissues were removed prior to fluoride application. The fifth group was the control. We followed 341 children for 18 months. The mean numbers of new caries surfaces in the five groups were 0.4, 0.4, 0.8, 0.6, and 1.2, respectively (p = 0.001). The respective mean numbers of arrested carious tooth surfaces were 2.8, 3.0, 1.7, 1.5, and 1.0 (p < 0.001).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

A clinical comparison of non-traumatic methods of treating dental caries.

Over a period of 18 months the following non-traumatic methods of treating dental caries in deciduous teeth were compared: application of stannous fluoride (SnF2); application of SnF2 and silver diamine fluoride (SDF); application of SnF2, SDF, minimal cavity preparation and use of composite resin; minimal cavity preparation and composite resin only; no treatment. Caries progressed in only 5 per cent of the SDF/SnF2 group and 11 per cent of the composite resin group. The results indicate that it may be possible to treat carious lesions in a non-traumatic way using minimally prepared cavities and composite resin. This could significantly alter the restorative care of deciduous molars and it may be reasonable to speculate that the technique could also have important implications for use in the permanent dentition.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2005

Efficacy of silver diamine fluoride for caries reduction in primary teeth and first permanent molars of schoolchildren: 36-month clinical trial.

We hypothesized that the six-monthly application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can arrest the development of caries in the deciduous dentition of six-year-old schoolchildren and prevent caries in their first permanent molars. A prospective controlled clinical trial was conducted on the efficacy of a 38% SDF solution for caries reduction. Four hundred and twenty-five six-year-old children were divided into two groups: One group received SDF solution in primary canines and molars and first permanent molars every 6 mos for 36 mos. The second group served as controls. The 36-month follow-up was completed by 373 children. The mean number of new decayed surfaces appearing in primary teeth during the study was 0.29 in the SDF group vs. 1.43 in controls. The mean of new decayed surfaces in first permanent molars was 0.37 in the SDF group vs. 1.06 in controls. The SDF solution was found to be effective for caries reduction in primary teeth and first permanent molars in schoolchildren.

Cariostatic Agents↗